Part 4

CLUPEIDÆ. Clupea Fuegensis, Jen. Tierra del Fuego. —— arcuata, Jen. Bahia Blanca. —— sagax, Jen. Lima. Alosa pectinata, Jen. North Patagonia. Engraulis ringens, Jen. Coast of Peru.

PLEURONECTIDÆ. Platessa Orbignyana, Val.? Bahia Blanca. —— ——? King George’s Sound. Hippoglossus Kingii, Jen. Valparaiso. Rhombus ——? Bahia Blanca. Achirus lineatus, D’Orb. Coast of Brazil. Plagusia ——? Coast of Patagonia.

CYCLOPTERIDÆ. Gobiesox marmoratus, Jen. Archipelago of Chiloe. —— pœcilophthalmos, Jen. Galapagos.

ECHENEIDIDÆ. Echeneis Remora, Linn. Atlantic Ocean.

ANGUILLIDÆ. Anguilla australis, Richards. New Zealand. Conger punctus, Jen. Tierra del Fuego. Muræma lentiginosa, Jen. Galapagos. —— ocellata, Agass. Rio de Janeiro. ——? Cape Verde Islands. ——? Tahiti.

LOPHOBRANCHII.

SYNGNATHIDÆ. Syngnathus acicularis, Jen. Valparaiso. —— conspicillatus, Jen. Tahiti. —— crinitus, Jen. Bahia Blanca.

PLECTOGNATHI.

TETRODONTIDÆ. Diodon nycthemerus, Cuv. —— rivulatus, Cuv. Maldonado. —— antennatus, Cuv.? Bahia Blanca. Tetrodon aerostaticus, Jen. —— implutus, Jen. Keeling Islands. —— annulatus, Jen. Galapagos. —— angusticeps, Jen. Ditto.

BALISTIDÆ. Balistes Vetula, Bl. South Atlantic Ocean. —— aculeatus, Bl. Tahiti. Aleuteres maculosus, Richards. King George’s Sound. —— velutinus, Jen. Ditto. Ostracion punctatus, Schn. Tahiti.

CYCLOSTOMI.

PETHOMYZONIDÆ. Myxine australis, Jen. Tierra del Fuego.

LIST OF PLATES.

Plate I. Perca lævis. II. Serranus albo-maculatus. III. —— labriformis. IV. —— olfax. V. Pinguipes fasciatus. VI. Prionotus Miles. VII. Fig. 1. Aspidophorus Chiloensis. Twice Nat. size. „ — 1a. Ditto. Nat. size. Dorsal view. „ — 1b. Ditto. Ditto. Side view. „ — 2. Agriopus hispidus. Twice Nat. size. „ — 2a. Ditto. Nat. size. „ — 2b. Ditto. Portion of the hispid cuticle magnified. VIII. Scorpæna Histrio. IX. Fig. 1. Prionodes fasciatus. „ — 2. Stegastes imbricatus. X. Pristipoma cantharinum. XI. Latilus princeps. XII. Chrysophrys taurina. XIII. Paropsis signata. XIV. Caranx declivis. XV. —— torvus. XVI. Fig. 1. Atherina microlepidota. „ — 1a. Ditto Magnified scales. „ — 1b. „ „ — 2. Atherina incisa. Nat. size. „ — 2a. Ditto. Magnified scale. „ — 2b. Ditto. Twice Nat. size. XVII. Fig. 1. Blennechis fasciatus. „ — 1a. Ditto. Teeth magnified. „ — 2. Blennechis ornatus. „ — 3. Salarias vomerinus. XVIII. Fig. 1. Clinus crinitus. „ — 2. Acanthoclinus fuscus. XIX. Fig. 1. Tripterygion Capito. „ — 2. Gobius lineatus. „ — 2a. Ditto. Dorsal view. „ — 3. Gobius ophicephalus. „ — 3a. Ditto. Dorsal view. XX. Cossyphus Darwini. XXI. Scarus chlorodon. XXII. Fig. 1. Pœcilia decem-maculata. Twice nat. size. „ — 1a. Ditto. Nat. size. „ — 2. Lebias lineata. „ — 2a. Ditto. Teeth magnified. „ — 3. Lebias multidentata. „ — 3a. Ditto. Teeth magnified. „ — 4. Mesites maculatus. „ — 5. —— attenuatus. XXIII. — 1. Tetragonopterus Abramis. „ — 1a. Ditto. Mouth magnified, to show form of maxillary. „ — 2. Tetragonopterus rutilus. „ — 2a. Ditto. Mouth magnified. „ — 3. Tetragonopterus scabripinnis. „ — 3a. Ditto. Mouth magnified. „ — 4. Tetragonopterus interruptus. „ — 4a. Ditto. Mouth magnified. XXIV. — 1. Aplochiton Zebra. „ — 1a. Ditto. Magnified view of anal and generative orifices. „ — 2. Aplochiton tæniatus. XXV. Alosa pectinata. „ a. —— Magnified scale from nape. XXVI. Hippoglossus Kingii. XXVII. — 1. Gobiesox marmoratus. „ — 1a. Ditto. Dorsal view. „ — b. Ditto. Under side. „ — 2. Gobiesox pœcilophthalmos. „ — 2a. Ditto. Lateral view. „ — 2b. Ditto. Magnified view of teeth. „ — 3. Syngnathus acicularis. „ — 4. —— conspicillatus. „ — 5. —— crinitus. XXVIII. Tetrodon angusticeps. „ a. —— Dorsal view of head. XXIX. — 1. Aphritis undulatus. Append. „ — 2. Iluocœtes fimbriatus. „ — 2a. Ditto. Magnified view of teeth. „ — 3. Phucocœtes latitans. „ — 3a. Ditto. Teeth.

Fish. Pl. 1.

W. Hawkins del^t.

Perca lævis. ¾ Nat. Size ]

FISH.

ACANTHOPTERYGII.

FAMILY—PERCIDÆ.

PERCA LÆVIS. Jen.

PLATE I.

P. nigricanti-fusco undique punctata; vertice, fronte, rostro usque ad nares, et infraorbitalium parte posteriori, squamatis; squamis, in capite ciliatis scabris, in corpore sublævibus.

B. 7; D. 9—1/11; A. 3/9; C. 17; P. 15; V. 1/5. LONG. unc. 11; lin. 5.

FORM.—Much more elongated than the common Perch, with the back less elevated. Depth, beneath the commencement of the first dorsal, not quite equalling one-fifth of the entire length. Thickness, in the region of the pectorals, about two-thirds of the depth. Head not quite one-fourth of the entire length. Profile falling gently from the nape in nearly a straight line at an angle of about 45°: at the nape the dorsal line rises so as to interrupt its continuity with the slope of the profile, but it is nearly horizontal along the base of the dorsal fins. The jaws are nearly equal, but when the mouth is closed, the upper one appears somewhat the longer. A band of velutine teeth in each jaw, as well as on the vomer and palatines. Maxillaries when at rest nearly concealed beneath the suborbital bones: these last with their lower margin distinctly denticulated; their surface presenting several small hollows. Eyes rather above the middle of the cheeks, and about equidistant from the extremity of the snout and the posterior margin of the preopercle; their diameter is one-sixth of the length of the head; the distance from one to the other equals one diameter and a half. Nostrils double, a little in advance of the eyes; the first orifice oval, the second round. Preopercle rectangular, with the angle rounded; the ascending margin finely denticulated, the teeth almost disappearing at the top; towards the angle the teeth become stronger and point downwards; they are also stronger and more scattered along the basal margin, inclining here a little forwards. Opercle with two flat sharp points, one a little below the upper angle, the other about the middle and terminating the gill-cover. Both the subopercle and interopercle have their margins obscurely denticulated: the margin of the former is rather sinuous, and passes obliquely forwards and downwards to form a continuous curve with that of the latter. Crown, forehead, upper part of the snout as far as the connecting line of the nostrils, posterior half of the suborbitals, cheeks, and all the pieces of the gill-cover, excepting the lower limb of the preopercle, covered with small scales, which are in most instances ciliated with a varying number of denticles, and feel rough to the touch: the extremity of the snout, anterior portion of the suborbitals, maxillaries, and lower jaw are naked. Above each orbit is a small semicircular granulated plate, with the granulations disposed in striæ. The suprascapulars terminate in an obtuse projecting point. The humeral bone forms a large osseous triangular plate above the pectorals, the salient angle terminating in three small teeth. Course of the lateral line a little above one-third of the depth till it arrives beneath the second dorsal, where it bends down to half the depth. Scales on the body larger than those on the head, of an oblong form, rounded at their free edges, which are scarcely at all ciliated, and for the most part quite smooth to the touch; their concealed portion not wider than the free, with a fan of fourteen striæ; the rest of their surface more finely striated. The first dorsal commences a little beyond a vertical line from the termination of the humeral plate, and is almost continuous with the second, being only separated by a deep notch; the space occupied by the two dorsals together is exactly one-third of the entire length: spines strong; the first scarcely more than one-third the length of the second, which is very little shorter than the third; this last longest, equalling rather more than half the depth; rest of the spines gradually decreasing to the last, which is of the same length as the first. The second dorsal commences with a slender spine, not half the length of the first soft ray, which last is simple, the others being branched; third and fourth soft rays longest; the succeeding ones slowly decreasing to the last, which is rather more than half the longest. Anal preceded by three spines, the first of which is very short; second much longer and very stout; third of about the same length as the second, but much slenderer; the first and second separated by a wide membrane from the third, which is closely united to the first soft ray; these last longer than those of the second dorsal, but in other respects similar. The anal and second dorsal terminate in the same vertical line; and the last ray is double in both fins. Between them and the caudal is a space equalling one-fifth of the entire length. The caudal is slightly notched. The pectorals are rather pointed, their length equalling two-thirds that of the head. Ventrals immediately beneath them, and of about the same length; the first soft ray longest, and more than twice the length of the spine which precedes it.

COLOUR.—In spirits this fish appears yellowish brown, deepening on the back but becoming paler on the belly, and covered all over with small dusky spots, one occupying the base of each scale.

Habitat, Santa Cruz River, Patagonia.

Fish Pl. 2.