Part 39

This sonnet and the two following pieces are only found in Isham copy and ed. A.

So Isham copy.--Ed. A "fill."

Tippling.

"Bouse" was a cant term for "drink."

See note v. p. 226.

It was a common practice for gallants to wear their mistresses' garters in their hats.

THE FIRST BOOK OF LUCAN.

Lucans First Booke Translated Line for Line, By Chr. Marlow. At London, Printed by P. Short, and are to be sold by Walter Burre at the Signe of the Flower de Luce in Paules Churchyard, 1600, 4to.

This is the only early edition. The title-page of the 1600 4to. of Hero and Leander has the words, "Whereunto is added the first booke of Lucan;" but the two pieces are not found in conjunction.

TO HIS KIND AND TRUE FRIEND, EDWARD BLUNT.

Blunt, I propose to be blunt with you, and, out of my dulness, to encounter you with a Dedication in memory of that pure elemental wit, Chr. Marlowe, whose ghost or genius is to be seen walk the Churchyard, in, at the least, three or four sheets. Methinks you should presently look wild now, and grow humorously frantic upon the taste of it. Well, lest you should, let me tell you, this spirit was sometime a familiar of your own, Lucan's First Book translated; which, in regard of your old right in it, I have raised in the circle of your patronage. But stay now, Edward: if I mistake not, you are to accommodate yourself with some few instructions, touching the property of a patron, that you are not yet possessed of; and to study them for your better grace, as our gallants do fashions. First, you must be proud, and think you have merit enough in you, though you are ne'er so empty; then, when I bring you the book, take physic, and keep state; assign me a time by your man to come again; and, afore the day, be sure to have changed your lodging; in the meantime sleep little, and sweat with the invention of some pitiful dry jest or two, which you may happen to utter with some little, or not at all, marking of your friends, when you have found a place for them to come in at; or, if by chance something has dropped from you worth the taking up, weary all that come to you with the often repetition of it; censure, scornfully enough, and somewhat like a traveller; commend nothing, lest you discredit your (that which you would seem to have) judgment. These things, if you can mould yourself to them, Ned, I make no question that they will not become you. One special virtue in our patrons of these days I have promised myself you shall fit excellently, which is, to give nothing; yes, thy love I will challenge as my peculiar object, both in this, and, I hope, many more succeeding offices. Farewell: I affect not the world should measure my thoughts to thee by a scale of this nature: leave to think good of me when I fall from thee.

Thine in all rights of perfect friendship,

THOMAS THORPE.

FOOTNOTES:

A well-known bookseller.

Old ed. "Blount."

Paul's churchyard, the Elizabethan "Booksellers' Row."

THE FIRST BOOK OF LUCAN.

Wars worse than civil on Thessalian plains, And outrage strangling law, and people strong, We sing, whose conquering swords their own breasts lancht, Armies allied, the kingdom's league uprooted, Th' affrighted world's force bent on public spoil, Trumpets and drums, like deadly, threatening other, Eagles alike display'd, darts answering darts, Romans, what madness, what huge lust of war, Hath made barbarians drunk with Latin blood? Now Babylon, proud through our spoil, should stoop, 10 While slaughter'd Crassus' ghost walks unreveng'd, Will ye wage war, for which you shall not triumph? Ay me! O, what a world of land and sea Might they have won whom civil broils have slain! As far as Titan springs, where night dims heaven, I, to the torrid zone where mid-day burns, And where stiff winter, whom no spring resolves, Fetters the Euxine Sea with chains of ice; Scythia and wild Armenia had been yok'd, And they of Nilus' mouth, if there live any. 20 Rome, if thou take delight in impious war, First conquer all the earth, then turn thy force Against thyself: as yet thou wants not foes. That now the walls of houses half-reared totter, That, rampires fallen down, huge heaps of stone Lie in our towns, that houses are abandon'd, And few live that behold their ancient seats; Italy many years hath lien untill'd And chok'd with thorns; that greedy earth wants hinds;-- Fierce Pyrrhus, neither thou nor Hannibal 30 Art cause; no foreign foe could so afflict us: These plagues arise from wreak of civil power. But if for Nero, then unborn, the Fates Would find no other means, and gods not slightly Purchase immortal thrones, nor Jove joy'd heaven Until the cruel giants' war was done; We plain not, heavens, but gladly bear these evils For Nero's sake: Pharsalia groan with slaughter, And Carthage souls be glutted with our bloods! At Munda let the dreadful battles join; 40 Add, CÊsar, to these ills, Perusian famine, The Mutin toils, the fleet at Luca sunk, And cruel field near burning ∆tna fought! Yet Rome is much bound to these civil arms, Which made thee emperor. Thee (seeing thou, being old, Must shine a star) shall heaven (whom thou lovest) Receive with shouts; where thou wilt reign as king, Or mount the Sun's flame-bearing chariot, And with bright restless fire compass the earth, Undaunted though her former guide be chang'd; 50 Nature and every power shall give thee place, What god it please thee be, or where to sway. But neither choose the north t'erect thy seat, Nor yet the adverse reeking southern pole, Whence thou shouldst view thy Rome with squinting beams. If any one part of vast heaven thou swayest, The burden'd axes with thy force will bend: The midst is best; that place is pure and bright; There, CÊsar, mayst thou shine, and no cloud dim thee. Then men from war shall bide in league and ease, 60 Peace through the world from Janus' face shall fly, And bolt the brazen gates with bars of iron. Thou, CÊsar, at this instant art my god; Thee if I invocate, I shall not need To crave Apollo's aid or Bacchus' help; Thy power inspires the Muse that sings this war. The causes first I purpose to unfold Of these garboils, whence springs a long discourse; And what made madding people shake off peace. The Fates are envious, high seats quickly perish, 70 Under great burdens falls are ever grievous; Rome was so great it could not bear itself. So when this world's compounded union breaks, Time ends, and to old Chaos all things turn, Confused stars shall meet, celestial fire Fleet on the floods, the earth shoulder the sea, Affording it no shore, and Phoebe's wain Chase Phoebus, and enrag'd affect his place, And strive to shine by day and full of strife Dissolve the engines of the broken world. 80 All great things crush themselves; such end the gods Allot the height of honour; men so strong By land and sea, no foreign force could ruin. O Rome, thyself art cause of all these evils, Thyself thus shiver'd out to three men's shares! Dire league of partners in a kingdom last not. O faintly-join'd friends, with ambition blind, Why join you force to share the world betwixt you? While th' earth the sea, and air the earth sustains, While Titan strives against the world's swift course, 90 Or Cynthia, night's queen, waits upon the day, Shall never faith be found in fellow kings: Dominion cannot suffer partnership. This need no foreign proof nor far-fet story: Rome's infant walls were steep'd in brother's blood; Nor then was land or sea, to breed such hate; A town with one poor church set them at odds. CÊsar's and Pompey's jarring love soon ended, 'Twas peace against their wills; betwixt them both Stepp'd Crassus in. Even as the slender isthmos, 100 Betwixt the ∆gÊan, and the Ionian sea, Keeps each from other, but being worn away, They both burst out, and each encounter other; So whenas Crassus' wretched death, who stay'd them, Had fill'd Assyrian Carra's walls with blood, His loss made way for Roman outrages. Parthians, y'afflict us more than ye suppose; Being conquer'd, we are plagu'd with civil war. Swords share our empire: Fortune, that made Rome Govern the earth, the sea, the world itself, 110 Would not admit two lords; for Julia, Snatch'd hence by cruel Fates, with ominous howls Bare down to hell her son, the pledge of peace, And all bands of that death-presaging alli‡nce. Julia, had heaven given thee longer life, Thou hadst restrain'd thy headstrong husband's rage, Yea, and thy father too, and, swords thrown down, Made all shake hands, as once the Sabines did: Thy death broke amity, and train'd to war These captains emulous of each other's glory. 120 Thou fear'd'st, great Pompey, that late deeds would dim Old triumphs, and that CÊsar's conquering France Would dash the wreath thou war'st for pirates' wreck: Thee war's use stirr'd, and thoughts that always scorn'd A second place. Pompey could bide no equal, Nor CÊsar no superior: which of both Had justest cause, unlawful 'tis to judge: Each side had great partakers; CÊsar's cause The gods abetted, Cato lik'd the other. Both differ'd much. Pompey was struck in years, 130 And by long rest forgot to manage arms, And, being popular, sought by liberal gifts To gain the light unstable commons' love, And joy'd to hear his theatre's applause: He lived secure, boasting his former deeds, And thought his name sufficient to uphold him: Like to a tall oak in a fruitful field, Bearing old spoils and conquerors' monuments, Who, though his root be weak, and his own weight Keep him within the ground, his arms all bare, 140 His body, not his boughs, send forth a shade; Though every blast it nod, and seem to fall, When all the woods about stand bolt upright, Yet he alone is held in reverence. CÊsar's renown for war was loss; he restless, Shaming to strive but where he did subdue; When ire or hope provok'd, heady and bold; At all times charging home, and making havoc; Urging his fortune, trusting in the gods, Destroying what withstood his proud desires, 150 And glad when blood and ruin made him way: So thunder, which the wind tears from the clouds, With crack of riven air and hideous sound Filling the world, leaps out and throws forth fire, Affrights poor fearful men, and blasts their eyes With overthwarting flames, and raging shoots Alongst the air, and, not resisting it, Falls, and returns, and shivers where it lights. Such humours stirr'd them up; but this war's seed Was even the same that wrecks all great dominions. 160 When Fortune made us lords of all, wealth flow'd, And then we grew licentious and rude; The soldiers' prey and rapine brought in riot; Men took delight in jewels, houses, plate, And scorn'd old sparing diet, and ware robes Too light for women; Poverty, who hatch'd Rome's greatest wits, was loath'd, and all the world Ransack'd for gold, which breeds the world['s] decay; And then large limits had their butting lands; The ground, which Curius and Camillus till'd, 170 Was stretched unto the fields of hinds unknown. Again, this people could not brook calm peace; Them freedom without war might not suffice: Quarrels were rife; greedy desire, still poor, Did vild deeds; then 'twas worth the price of blood, And deem'd renown, to spoil their native town; Force mastered right, the strongest govern'd all; Hence came it that th' edicts were over-rul'd, That laws were broke, tribunes with consuls strove, Sale made of offices, and people's voices 180 Bought by themselves and sold, and every year Frauds and corruption in the Field of Mars; Hence interest and devouring usury sprang, Faith's breach, and hence came war, to most men welcome. Now CÊsar overpass'd the snowy Alps; His mind was troubled, and he aim'd at war: And coming to the ford of Rubicon, At night in dreadful vision fearful Rome Mourning appear'd, whose hoary hairs were torn, And on her turret-bearing head dispers'd, 190 And arms all naked; who, with broken sighs, And staring, thus bespoke: "What mean'st thou, CÊsar? Whither goes my standard? Romans if ye be, And bear true hearts, stay here!" This spectacle Struck CÊsar's heart with fear; his hair stood up, And faintness numb'd his steps there on the brink. He thus cried out: "Thou thunderer that guard'st Rome's mighty walls, built on Tarpeian rock! Ye gods of Phrygia and Ilus' line, Quirinus' rites, and Latian Jove advanc'd 200 On Alba hill! O vestal flames! O Rome, My thoughts sole goddess, aid mine enterprise! I hate thee not, to thee my conquests stoop: CÊsar is thine, so please it thee, thy soldier. He, he afflicts Rome that made me Rome's foe." This said, he, laying aside all lets of war, Approach'd the swelling stream with drum and ensign: Like to a lion of scorch'd desert Afric, Who, seeing hunters, pauseth till fell wrath And kingly rage increase, then, having whisk'd 210 His tail athwart his back, and crest heav'd up, With jaws wide-open ghastly roaring out, Albeit the Moor's light javelin or his spear Sticks in his side, yet runs upon the hunter. In summer-time the purple Rubicon, Which issues from a small spring, is but shallow, And creeps along the vales, dividing just The bounds of Italy from Cisalpine France. But now the winter's wrath, and watery moon Being three days old, enforc'd the flood to swell, 220 And frozen Alps thaw'd with resolving winds. The thunder-hoof'd horse, in a crookËd line, To scape the violence of the stream, first waded; Which being broke, the foot had easy passage. As soon as CÊsar got unto the bank And bounds of Italy, "Here, here," saith he, "An end of peace; here end polluted laws! Hence leagues and covenants! Fortune, thee I follow! War and the Destinies shall try my cause." This said, the restless general through the dark, 230 Swifter than bullets thrown from Spanish slings, Or darts which Parthians backward shoot, march'd on; And then, when Lucifer did shine alone, And some dim stars, he Ariminum enter'd. Day rose, and view'd these tumults of the war: Whether the gods or blustering south were cause I know not, but the cloudy air did frown. The soldiers having won the market-place, There spread the colours with confusËd noise Of trumpets' clang, shrill cornets, whistling fifes. 240 The people started; young men left their beds, And snatch'd arms near their household-gods hung up, Such as peace yields; worm-eaten leathern targets, Through which the wood peer'd, headless darts, old swords With ugly teeth of black rust foully scarr'd. But seeing white eagles, and Rome's flags well known, And lofty CÊsar in the thickest throng, They shook for fear, and cold benumb'd their limbs, And muttering much, thus to themselves complain'd: "O walls unfortunate, too near to France! 250 Predestinate to ruin! all lands else Have stable peace: here war's rage first begins; We bide the first brunt. Safer might we dwell Under the frosty bear, or parching east, Waggons or tents, than in this frontier town. We first sustain'd the uproars of the Gauls And furious Cimbrians, and of Carthage Moors: As oft as Rome was sack'd, here gan the spoil." Thus sighing whisper'd they, and none durst speak, And show their fear or grief; but as the fields 260 When birds are silent thorough winter's rage, Or sea far from the land, so all were whist, Now light had quite dissolv'd the misty night, And CÊsar's mind unsettled musing stood; But gods and fortune pricked him to this war, Infringing all excuse of modest shame, And labouring to approve his quarrel good. The angry senate, urging Gracchus' deeds, From doubtful Rome wrongly expell'd the tribunes That cross'd them: both which now approach'd the camp, 270 And with them Curio, sometime tribune too, One that was fee'd for CÊsar, and whose tongue Could tune the people to the nobles' mind. "CÊsar," said he, "while eloquence prevail'd, And I might plead and draw the commons' minds To favour thee, against the senate's will, Five years I lengthen'd thy command in France; But law being put to silence by the wars, We, from her houses driven, most willingly Suffer'd exile: let thy sword bring us home, 280 Now, while their part is weak and fears, march hence: Where men are ready lingering ever hurts. In ten years wonn'st thou France: Rome may be won With far less toil, and yet the honour's more; Few battles fought with prosperous success May bring her down, and with her all the world. Nor shalt thou triumph when thou com'st to Rome, Nor Capitol be adorn'd with sacred bays; Envy denies all; with thy blood must thou Aby thy conquest past: the son decrees 290 To expel the father: share the world thou canst not; Enjoy it all thou mayst." Thus Curio spake; And therewith CÊsar, prone enough to war, Was so incens'd as are Elean steeds. With clamours, who, though lock'd and chain'd in stalls, Souse down the walls, and make a passage forth. Straight summon'd he his several companies Unto the standard: his grave look appeas'd The wrestling tumult, and right hand made silence; And thus he spake: "You that with me have borne 300 A thousand brunts, and tried me full ten years, See how they quit our bloodshed in the north, Our friends' death, and our wounds, our wintering Under the Alps! Rome rageth now in arms As if the Carthage Hannibal were near; Cornets of horse are muster'd for the field; Woods turn'd to ships; both land and sea against us. Had foreign wars ill-thriv'd, or wrathful France Pursu'd us hither, how were we bested, When, coming conqueror, Rome afflicts me thus? 310 Let come their leader whom long peace hath quail'd, Raw soldiers lately press'd, and troops of gowns, Babbling Marcellus, Cato whom fools reverence! Must Pompey's followers, with strangers' aid (Whom from his youth he brib'd), needs make him king? And shall he triumph long before his time, And, having once got head, still shall he reign? What should I talk of men's corn reap'd by force, And by him kept of purpose for a dearth? Who sees not war sit by the quivering judge, 320 And sentence given in rings of naked swords, And laws assail'd, and arm'd men in the senate? 'Twas his troop hemm'd in Milo being accus'd; And now, lest age might wane his state, he casts For civil war, wherein through use he's known To exceed his master, that arch-traitor Sylla. A brood of barbarous tigers, having lapp'd The blood of many a herd, whilst with their dams They kennell'd in Hyrcania, evermore Will rage and prey; so, Pompey, thou, having lick'd 330 Warm gore from Sylla's sword, art yet athirst: Jaws flesh with blood continue murderous. Speak, when shall this thy long-usurped power end? What end of mischief? Sylla teaching thee, At last learn, wretch, to leave thy monarchy! What, now Sicilian pirates are suppress'd, And jaded king of Pontus poison'd slain, Must Pompey as his last foe plume on me, Because at his command I wound not up My conquering eagles? say I merit naught, 340 Yet, for long service done, reward these men, And so they triumph, be't with whom ye will. Whither now shall these old bloodless souls repair? What seats for their deserts? what store of ground For servitors to till? what colonies To rest their bones? say, Pompey, are these worse Than pirates of Sicilia? they had houses. Spread, spread these flags that ten years' space have conquer'd! Let's use our tried force: they that now thwart right, In wars will yield to wrong: the gods are with us; 350 Neither spoil nor kingdom seek we by these arms, But Rome, at thraldom's feet, to rid from tyrants." This spoke, none answer'd, but a murmuring buzz Th' unstable people made: their household-gods And love to Rome (though slaughter steel'd their hearts, And minds were prone) restrain'd them; but war's love And CÊsar's awe dash'd all. Then LÊlius, The chief centurion, crown'd with oaken leaves For saving of a Roman citizen, Stepp'd forth, and cried: "Chief leader of Rome's force, So be I may be bold to speak a truth, 361 We grieve at this thy patience and delay. What, doubt'st thou us? even now when youthful blood Pricks forth our lively bodies, and strong arms Can mainly throw the dart, wilt thou endure These purple grooms, that senate's tyranny? Is conquest got by civil war so heinous? Well, lead us, then, to Syrtes' desert shore, Or Scythia, or hot Libya's thirsty sands. This band, that all behind us might be quail'd, 370 Hath with thee pass'd the swelling ocean, And swept the foaming breast of Arctic Rhene. Love over-rules my will; I must obey thee, CÊsar: he whom I hear thy trumpets charge, I hold no Roman; by these ten blest ensigns And all thy several triumphs, shouldst thou bid me Entomb my sword within my brother's bowels, Or father's throat, or women's groaning womb, This hand, albeit unwilling, should perform it? Or rob the gods, or sacred temples fire, 380 These troops should soon pull down the church of Jove; If to encamp on Tuscan Tiber's streams, I'll boldly quarter out the fields of Rome; What walls thou wilt be levell'd with the ground, These hands shall thrust the ram, and make them fly, Albeit the city thou wouldst have so raz'd Be Rome itself." Here every band applauded, And, with their hands held up, all jointly cried They'll follow where he please. The shouts rent heaven, As when against pine-bearing Ossa's rocks 390 Beats Thracian Boreas, or when trees bow down And rustling swing up as the wind fets breath. When CÊsar saw his army prone to war, And Fates so bent, lest sloth and long delay Might cross him, he withdrew his troops from France, And in all quarters musters men for Rome. They by Lemannus' nook forsook their tents; They whom the Lingones foil'd with painted spears, Under the rocks by crookËd Vogesus; And many came from shallow Isara, 400 Who, running long, falls in a greater flood, And, ere he sees the sea, loseth his name; The yellow Ruthens left their garrisons; Mild Atax glad it bears not Roman boats, And frontier Varus that the camp is far, Sent aid; so did Alcides' port, whose seas Eat hollow rocks, and where the north-west wind Nor zephyr rules not, but the north alone Turmoils the coast, and enterance forbids; And others came from that uncertain shore 410 Which is nor sea nor land, but ofttimes both, And changeth as the ocean ebbs and flows; Whether the sea roll'd always from that point Whence the wind blows, still forcËd to and fro; Or that the wandering main follow the moon; Or flaming Titan, feeding on the deep, Pulls them aloft, and makes the surge kiss heaven; Philosophers, look you; for unto me, Thou cause, whate'er thou be, whom God assigns This great effect, art hid. They came that dwell 420 By Nemes' fields and banks of Satirus, Where Tarbell's winding shores embrace the sea; The Santons that rejoice in CÊsar's love; Those of Bituriges, and light Axon pikes; And they of Rhene and Leuca, cunning darters, And Sequana that well could manage steeds; The Belgians apt to govern British cars; Th' Averni, too, which boldly feign themselves The Roman's brethren, sprung of Ilian race; The stubborn Nervians stain'd with Cotta's blood; 430 And Vangions who, like those of Sarmata, Wear open slops; and fierce Batavians, Whom trumpet's clang incites; and those that dwell By Cinga's stream, and where swift Rhodanus Drives Araris to sea; they near the hills, Under whose hoary rocks Gebenna hangs; And, Trevier, thou being glad that wars are past thee; And you, late-shorn Ligurians, who were wont In large-spread hair to exceed the rest of France; And where to Hesus and fell Mercury 440 They offer human flesh, and where Jove seems Bloody like Dian, whom the Scythians serve. And you, French Bardi, whose immortal pens Renown the valiant souls slain in your wars, Sit safe at home and chant sweet poesy. And, Druides, you now in peace renew Your barbarous customs and sinister rites: In unfell'd woods and sacred groves you dwell; And only gods and heavenly powers you know, Or only know you nothing; for you hold 450 That souls pass not to silent Erebus Or Pluto's bloodless kingdom, but elsewhere Resume a body; so (if truth you sing) Death brings long life. Doubtless these northern men, Whom death, the greatest of all fears, affright not, Are blest by such sweet error; this makes them Run on the sword's point, and desire to die, And shame to spare life which being lost is won. You likewise that repuls'd the Caˇc foe, March towards Rome; and you, fierce men of Rhene, 460 Leaving your country open to the spoil. These being come, their huge power made him bold To manage greater deeds; the bordering towns He garrison'd; and Italy he fill'd with soldiers. Vain fame increased true fear, and did invade The people's minds, and laid before their eyes Slaughter to come, and, swiftly bringing news Of present war, made many lies and tales: One swears his troops of daring horsemen fought Upon Mevania's plain, where bulls are graz'd; 470 Other that CÊsar's barbarous bands were spread Along Nar flood that into Tiber falls, And that his own ten ensigns and the rest March'd not entirely, and yet hide the ground; And that he's much chang'd, looking wild and big, And far more barbarous than the French, his vassals; And that he lags behind with them, of purpose, Borne 'twixt the Alps and Rhene, which he hath brought From out their northern parts, and that Rome, He looking on, by these men should be sack'd. 480 Thus in his fright did each man strengthen fame, And, without ground, fear'd what themselves had feign'd. Nor were the commons only struck to heart With this vain terror; but the court, the senate, The fathers selves leap'd from their seats, and, flying, Left hateful war decreed to both the consuls. Then, with their fear and danger all-distract, Their sway of flight carries the heady rout, That in chain'd troops break forth at every port: You would have thought their houses had been fir'd, 490 Or, dropping-ripe, ready to fall with ruin. So rush'd the inconsiderate multitude Thorough the city, hurried headlong on, As if the only hope that did remain To their afflictions were t' abandon Rome. Look how, when stormy Auster from the breach Of Libyan Syrtes rolls a monstrous wave, Which makes the main-sail fall with hideous sound, The pilot from the helm leaps in the sea, And mariners, albeit the keel be sound, 500 Shipwreck themselves; even so, the city left, All rise in arms; nor could the bed-rid parents Keep back their sons, or women's tears their husbands: They stayed not either to pray or sacrifice; Their household-gods restrain them not; none lingered, As loath to leave Rome whom they held so dear: Th' irrevocable people fly in troops. O gods, that easy grant men great estates, But hardly grace to keep them! Rome, that flows With citizens and captives, and would hold 510 The world, were it together, is by cowards Left as a prey, now CÊsar doth approach. When Romans are besieged by foreign foes, With slender trench they escape night-stratagems, And sudden rampire rais'd of turf snatched up, Would make them sleep securely in their tents. Thou, Rome, at name of war runn'st from thyself, And wilt not trust thy city-walls one night: Well might these fear, when Pompey feared and fled. Now evermore, lest some one hope might ease 520 The commons' jangling minds, apparent signs arose, Strange sights appeared; the angry threatening gods Filled both the earth and seas with prodigies. Great store of strange and unknown stars were seen Wandering about the north, and rings of fire Fly in the air, and dreadful bearded stars, And comets that presage the fall of kingdoms; The flattering sky glittered in often flames, And sundry fiery meteors blazed in heaven, Now spear-like long, now like a spreading torch; 530 Lightning in silence stole forth without clouds, And, from the northern climate snatching fire, Blasted the Capitol; the lesser stars, Which wont to run their course through empty night, At noon-day mustered; Phoebe, having filled Her meeting horns to match her brother's light, Struck with th' earth's sudden shadow, waxËd pale; Titan himself, throned in the midst of heaven, His burning chariot plunged in sable clouds, And whelmed the world in darkness, making men 540 Despair of day; as did Thyestes' town, MycenÊ, Phoebus flying through the east. Fierce Mulciber unbarrËd ∆tna's gate, Which flamËd not on high, but headlong pitched Her burning head on bending Hespery. Coal-black Charybdis whirled a sea of blood. Fierce mastives howled. The vestal fires went out; The flame in Alba, consecrate to Jove, Parted in twain, and with a double point Rose, like the Theban brothers' funeral fire. 550 The earth went off her hinges; and the Alps Shook the old snow from off their trembling laps. The ocean swelled as high as Spanish Calpe Or Atlas' head. Their saints and household-gods Sweat tears, to show the travails of their city: Crowns fell from holy statues. Ominous birds Defiled the day; and wild beasts were seen, Leaving the woods, lodge in the streets of Rome. Cattle were seen that muttered human speech; Prodigious births with more and ugly joints 560 Than nature gives, whose sight appals the mother; And dismal prophecies were spread abroad: And they, whom fierce Bellona's fury moves To wound their arms, sing vengeance; Cybel's priests, Curling their bloody locks, howl dreadful things. Souls quiet and appeas'd sighed from their graves; Clashing of arms was heard; in untrod woods Shrill voices schright; and ghosts encounter men. Those that inhabited the suburb-fields Fled: foul Erinnys stalked about the walls, 570 Shaking her snaky hair and crookËd pine With flaming top; much like that hellish fiend Which made the stern Lycurgus wound his thigh, Or fierce Agave mad; or like MegÊra That scar'd Alcides, when by Juno's task He had before look'd Pluto in the face. Trumpets were heard to sound; and with what noise An armËd battle joins, such and more strange Black night brought forth in secret. Sylla's ghost Was seen to walk, singing sad oracles; 580 And Marius' head above cold Tav'ron peering, His grave broke open, did affright the boors. To these ostents, as their old custom was, They call th' Etrurian augurs: amongst whom The gravest, Arruns, dwelt in forsaken Leuca Well-skill'd in pyromancy; one that knew The hearts of beasts, and flight of wandering fowls. First he commands such monsters Nature hatch'd Against her kind, the barren mule's loath'd issue, To be cut forth and cast in dismal fires; 590 Then, that the trembling citizens should walk About the city; then, the sacred priests That with divine lustration purg'd the walls, And went the round, in and without the town; Next, an inferior troop, in tuck'd-up vestures, After the Gabine manner; then, the nuns And their veil'd matron, who alone might view Minerva's statue; then, they that kept and read Sibylla's secret works, and wash their saint In Almo's flood; next learnËd augurs follow; 600 Apollo's soothsayers, and Jove's feasting priests; The skipping Salii with shields like wedges; And Flamens last, with net-work woollen veils. While these thus in and out had circled Rome, Look, what the lightning blasted, Arruns takes, And it inters with murmurs dolorous, And calls the place Bidental. On the altar He lays a ne'er-yok'd bull, and pours down wine, Then crams salt leaven on his crookËd knife: The beast long struggled, as being like to prove 610 An awkward sacrifice; but by the horns The quick priest pulled him on his knees, and slew him. No vein sprung out, but from the yawning gash, Instead of red blood, wallow'd venomous gore. These direful signs made Arruns stand amazed, And searching farther for the gods' displeasure, The very colour scared him; a dead blackness Ran through the blood, that turned it all to jelly, And stained the bowels with dark loathsome spots; The liver swelled with filth; and every vein 620 Did threaten horror from the host of CÊsar A small thin skin contained the vital parts; The heart stirred not; and from the gaping liver Squeezed matter through the caul; the entrails peered; And which (ay me!) ever pretendeth ill, At that bunch where the liver is, appear'd A knob of flesh, whereof one half did look Dead and discolour'd, th' other lean and thin. By these he seeing what mischiefs must ensue, Cried out, "O gods, I tremble to unfold 630 What you intend! great Jove is now displeas'd; And in the breast of this slain bull are crept Th' infernal powers. My fear transcends my words; Yet more will happen than I can unfold: Turn all to good, be augury vain, and Tages, Th' art's master, false!" Thus, in ambiguous terms Involving all, did Arruns darkly sing. But Figulus, more seen in heavenly mysteries, Whose like ∆gyptian Memphis never had For skill in stars and tuneful planeting, 640 In this sort spake: "The world's swift course is lawless And casual; all the stars at random range; Or if fate rule them, Rome, thy citizens Are near some plague. What mischief shall ensue? Shall towns be swallow'd? shall the thicken'd air Become intemperate? shall the earth be barren? Shall water be congeal'd and turn'd to ice? O gods, what death prepare ye? with what plague Mean ye to rage? the death of many men Meets in one period. If cold noisome Saturn 650 Were now exalted, and with blue beams shin'd, Then Ganymede would renew Deucalion's flood, And in the fleeting sea the earth be drench'd. O Phoebus, shouldst thou with thy rays now singe The fell NemÊan beast, th' earth would be fir'd, And heaven tormented with thy chafing heat: But thy fires hurt not. Mars, 'tis thou inflam'st The threatening Scorpion with the burning tail, And fir'st his cleys: why art thou thus enrag'd? Kind Jupiter hath low declin'd himself; 660 Venus is faint; swift Hermes retrograde; Mars only rules the heaven. Why do the planets Alter their course, and vainly dim their virtue? Sword-girt Orion's side glisters too bright: War's rage draws near; and to the sword's strong hand Let all laws yield, sin bears the name of virtue: Many a year these furious broils let last: Why should we wish the gods should ever end them? War only gives us peace. O Rome, continue The course of mischief, and stretch out the date 670 Of slaughter! only civil broils make peace." These sad presages were enough to scare The quivering Romans; but worse things affright them. As MÊnas full of wine on Pindus raves, So runs a matron through th' amazËd streets, Disclosing Phoebus' fury in this sort; "PÊan, whither am I haled? where shall I fall, Thus borne aloft? I seen PangÊus' hill With hoary top, and, under HÊmus' mount, Philippi plains. Phoebus, what rage is this? 680 Why grapples Rome, and makes war, having no foes? Whither turn I now? thou lead'st me toward th' east, Where Nile augmenteth the Pelusian sea: This headless trunk that lies on Nilus' sand I know. Now throughout the air I fly To doubtful Syrtes and dry Afric, where A Fury leads the Emathian bands. From thence To the pine-bearing hills; thence to the mounts Pyrene; and so back to Rome again. See, impious war defiles the senate-house! 690 New factions rise. Now through the world again I go. O Phoebus, show me Neptune's shore, And other regions! I have seen Philippi." This said, being tir'd with fury, she sunk down.

FOOTNOTES:

Old ed. "launcht."--The forms "lanch" and "lance" are used indifferently.

Alike.

"Et ardenti servilia bella sub ∆tna."

"Nec polus adversi calidus qua vergitur Austri."

"Obliquo sidere."

Axis.

Tumults.

"Summisque negatum, Stare diu."