Part 13

The sitz bath is useful for chronic congestions of the abdominal and pelvic viscera, diarrhea, piles, dysentery, constipation, uterine diseases, and genital and urinary disorders. In treating female diseases it is an indispensable remedy. It is very valuable in various nervous affections, especially those which immediately involve the brain.

There is no better remedy for a cold than a very warm sitz bath taken while fasting, and just before retiring. It should be continued until gentle perspiration is induced.

The sitz may be converted into a general bath by rubbing the whole body with the wet hand while in the bath, and may thus be made to answer the purposes of the half and shallow baths.

LEG BATH.

For this bath a vessel deep enough to receive the limbs to the middle of the thighs is required. The bath may be taken at any desired temperature; but it is usually employed somewhat cooler than baths which involve the trunk of the body. It is a powerfully derivative bath, and is found very useful to prevent wakefulness in nervous persons, and to relieve cerebral congestion in epileptic patients. It is especially applicable to chronic ulcers of the leg, swollen knees and ankles, and limbs which have suffered by exposure to severe cold. It gives much relief in gout; there is no danger of causing a metastasis of the disease by the application of this bath.

FOOT BATH.

Any vessel sufficiently large to receive the feet, and enough water to cover them to the ankles, is suitable for this bath. The feet should be rubbed during the bath. If the temperature is cool, only an inch or two of water should be employed.

The walking foot bath is an excellent remedy for cold feet. It consists in walking in shallow water five or ten minutes.

The alternate hot and cold foot bath is another valuable remedy for cold feet, and is a certain remedy for chilblains. It is given thus: Place the feet in hot water—100° to 110°—three or four minutes. Then withdraw them and plunge them quickly into a bath of cold water—60° or less. After two or three minutes, restore them to the hot bath. Thus alternate three or four times, and conclude by dipping the feet quickly into cold water and wiping dry. This bath produces most powerful reaction.

The foot bath is applicable in the treatment of headache, neuralgia, toothache, catarrh, congestion of abdominal and pelvic organs, colds, and cold feet. It is very useful as a preparatory for other baths, and as an accompaniment of other local applications.

HALF PACK.

This bath is given in the same manner as the wet-sheet pack, except that the wet sheet extends only from the armpits to the hips. The blankets are wrapped about the patient in the manner described for the full pack. All the precautions given in connection with the description of that bath are applicable to this.

This bath is frequently employed in cases of patients who are too feeble to bear the full pack, or as a preparatory treatment for that bath. It is much milder than the full pack, and is usually more agreeable to the patient, as it does not confine him so closely. It is a very useful remedy in all inflammations of the abdominal organs, gastralgia, pleurisy, acute bronchitis, croup, and pneumonia. When a hot application is required, it is well to use a woolen sheet instead of a cotton one. It requires the same after-treatment as the full pack.

CHEST PACK.

This application is made in the same manner as the half pack, allowing the wet sheet to extend only from the armpits to the navel. It is especially applicable to diseases of the chest. The general directions for the full and the half pack apply to it. It is a very mild application.

LEG PACK.

The pack may be applied to the legs with great advantage in cases of habitual coldness of the feet and limbs or knees. The same principles mentioned in relation to other packs apply to this. The application should be made either cool or cold, and should extend from the hips downward. It should continue from half an hour to an hour and a half.

CHEST WRAPPER.

This consists of a jacket made something like a vest, reaching from the neck to a little below the navel. It should be made of double thicknesses of soft toweling. To protect the garments or bedding from moisture, it should be covered with another jacket made like it but a little larger. In applying it, the wrapper should be wet in tepid water, and should then be applied as snugly as consistent with the comfort of the wearer. It should be re-applied every two or three hours, as it becomes dry.

If properly managed, the chest wrapper is a valuable remedy; but it has been greatly abused. It should not be worn more than a week without intermission. The practice of some in continuing it until it produces an eruption of the skin, and even longer—to promote a discharge—under the idea that a vicarious elimination is thus performed, is highly reprehensible, and has no sound physiological principle to support it. Such treatment is damaging to the skin, and does the patient no good in any way. The better plan is to allow the wrapper to be worn during the night, but omitted during the daytime. If worn during the day, it should be changed often, and should be removed so soon as the patient becomes chilly. Whenever removed, the surface of the skin should be washed or sponged with cool or tepid water. Feeble patients with defective circulation should wear the wrapper only while walking or riding on horseback.

This appliance may be profitably employed in a large number of chronic diseases. In chronic bronchitis, pleurisy, pleurodynia, asthma, and the early stages of consumption, it gives relief.

WET GIRDLE.

This was a favorite remedy with the early German hydropathists, and it is a very useful appliance when properly employed, though it has been much abused by excessive use, as in the case of the chest wrapper. To apply it well, a coarse towel about three yards long is the most convenient for use. Wet one-half of this, in tepid water, wring it until it will not drip, and apply it to the abdomen, placing one end at the side, and bringing it across the front first, so that two thicknesses of the wet portion will cover the abdomen. After winding the whole tightly around the body, fasten the end securely. The remarks made in reference to the wearing of the chest wrapper apply with equal force to the wet girdle. For feeble patients it is better to wet only that portion of the towel which covers the abdomen.

This a very efficient remedy for constipation, chronic diarrhea, and most other intestinal disorders. It is equally valuable in dyspepsia, torpid liver, enlarged spleen, and uterine derangements.

ASCENDING DOUCHE.

This modification of the douche is simply an ascending instead of a descending stream. It can be readily managed by constructing a reservoir in such position as to give the water ten or twelve feet fall, when the requisite force cannot be more easily secured. The water is conducted through a hose, and is allowed to issue through a nozzle near the floor. The patient sits or lies just over the nozzle, and a few inches above it.

This is a valuable remedy in treating piles, prolapsus of the bowels or uterus, and constipation.

DROP BATH.