Part 64

Rajasthan, i. p. 698.

At that time L12,500 or more, now about L8000.

Tribes and Castes of the North-West Provinces and Oudh, s.v.

Early History of India, 3rd ed. p. 376.

Ibidem, p. 385.

Tribes and Castes, art. Kanaujia.

Bombay Gazetteer, Hindus of Gujarat, p. 11.

Bombay Gazetteer, Satara, p. 54.

Bhattacharya, Hindu Castes and Sects, p. 47.

Ibidem, p. 48.

From Mr. Gopal Datta Joshi's paper.

Rasmala, ii. p. 233.

Rasmala, ii. p. 259.

Tribes and Castes, art. Sanadhya.

Crooke, ibidem, paras. 3 and 6.

Eastern India, ii. 472, quoted in Mr. Crooke's art. Sarwaria.

Stirling's description of Orissa in As. Res. vol. xv. p. 199, quoted in Hindu Castes and Sects.

Hindu Castes and Sects, p. 63.

This article is compiled from papers by Mr. Wali Muhammad, Tahsildar of Khurai, and Kanhya Lal, clerk in the Gazetteer office.

This article is based on the Rev. E. M. Gordon's Indian Folk-Tales (London, Elliott & Stock, 1908), and the Central Provinces Monograph on the Leather Industry, by Mr. C. G. Chenevix Trench, C.S.; with extracts from Sir H. H. Risley's and Mr. Crooke's descriptions of the caste, and from the Berar Census Report (1881); on information collected for the District Gazetteers; and papers by Messrs. Durga Prasad Pande, Tahsildar, Raipur; Ram Lal, Deputy Inspector of Schools, Saugor; Govind Vithal Kane, Naib-Tahsildar, Wardha; Balkrishna Ramchandra Bakhle, Tahsildar, Mandla; Sitaram, schoolmaster, Balaghat; and Kanhya Lal of the Gazetteer office. Some of the material found in Mr. Gordon's book was obtained independently by the writer in Bilaspur before its publication and is therefore not specially acknowledged.

There are other genealogies showing the Chamar as the offspring of various mixed unions.

Bombay Gazetteer, vol. xv. Kanara, p. 355.

The Hindus say that there are five classes of women, Padmini, Hastini, Chitrani and Shunkhini being the first four, and of these Padmini is the most perfect. No details of the other classes are given. Rasmala, i. p. 160.

Punjab Census Report (1881), p. 320.

Tribes and Castes of Bengal, art. Chamar.

Loc. cit.

From Mr. Gordon's paper.

Monograph on Leather Industries, p. 9.