Part 59

Tribes and Castes of Bengal, art. Brahman.

Art. Bhat.

Malcolm, Central India, ii. p. 132.

Rajasthan, ii. p. 406.

Malcolm, ii. p. 135.

Rajasthan, ii. pp. 133, 134.

Great King, the ordinary method of address to Brahmans.

Rajasthan, ii. p. 175.

Rasmala, ii. pp. 261, 262.

See later in this article.

This present of a lakh of rupees is known as Lakh Pasaru, and it is not usually given in cash but in kind. It is made up of grain, land, carriages, jewellery, horses, camels and elephants, and varies in value from Rs. 30,000 to Rs. 70,000. A living bard, Mahamahopadhyaya Murar Das, has received three Lakh Pasarus from the Rajas of Jodhpur and has refused one from the Rana of Udaipur in view of the fact that he was made ayachaka by the Jodhpur Raja. Ayachaka means literally 'not a beggar,' and when a bard has once been made ayachaka he cannot accept gifts from any person other than his own patron. An ayachaka was formerly known as polpat, as it became his bounden duty to sing the praises of his patron constantly from the gate (pol) of the donor's fort or castle. (Mr. Hira Lal.)

Rajasthan, ii. p. 548.

Viserva, lit. poison.

From dhol, a drum.

Rajasthan, ii. p. 184.

Lit. putli or doll.

Tribes and Castes, art. Bhat.

Ibidem. Veiling the face is a sign of modesty.

Postans. Cutch, p. 172.

Vol. ii. pp. 392-394.

Rasmala, ii. pp. 143, 144.

Bombay Gazetteer, Hindus of Gujarat, Mr. Bhimbhai Kirparam, pp. 217, 219.

In Broach.

Westermarck, Origin and Development of the Moral Ideas, ii. p. 242.

Westermarck, ibidem, p. 246.

Westermarck, ibidem, p. 248.

The above account of Dharna is taken from Colonel Tone's Letter on the Marathas (India Office Tracts).

This article is compiled from papers drawn up by Rai Bahadur Panda Baijnath, Superintendent, Bastar State; Mr. Ravi Shankar, Settlement Officer, Bastar; and Mr. Gopal Krishna, Assistant Superintendent, Bastar.