Part 3

10 Aditt Bagut.--In Persian, Aftab Perust, Helianthus Annuus. The sun-flower; the name of a flower called also Soorujmookee. The stem grows straight about a man's height; the leaves are broad and triangular, the flower circular, flat and yellow, with serrated edges, and it is said to follow the sun in his diurnal progress. There are two kinds, a small and greater; their medical properties the same; they are bitter to the taste, and heating in a considerable degree. It is beneficial in cholicks, dropsical affections, foulness of stomach, and rheumatism; it also improves appetite, and promotes expectoration in cases of cold, accompanied by fever.

11 Area.--A culinary fruit resembling the cucumber, and grows in the rainy season; it is so cooling that it produces pains all over the body; it is moreover difficult of digestion, and if taken in any quantity produces fever.

12 Anwul (Nasal).--A large tree very common in India, which when in flower, has a very beautiful appearance; its flowers are yellow, resembling those of the Cassia. There are two kinds of this, one called Mahedi Anwul. Of this also there are two varieties. It is cooling, and the medicinal properties of all varieties are the same. It is used with good effect in bilious vomitings, and also in leprous affections of the skin. It is recommended in weakness of the eyes, asthma, affections of the chest, and foulness of blood. It strengthens the weak and emaciated, and braces the solids when relaxed by disease or otherwise.

13 Aruk.--This name is indiscriminately given to four different kinds of trees; Nowa, Cutel, Burhil and Taar.

14 Aloo (Bochara).--A kind of plum.

15 Abnoos (Ebony).--A large tree, producing a sweet fruit like grapes. Its leaves resemble those of the Sinobir, but are somewhat broader: it is an evergreen, and its wood is, when good and full-grown, dark-colored and durable; its leaves are smooth and glassy; its properties said to be very active and deleterious; it is heating in a considerable degree, and is said to be lithonthriptic. It dispels flatulency, and cures tympanites. It is recommended in chronic affections of the liver. Filings or raspings of the wood are styptic, and its charcoal more so; a decoction of the wood, in spirits, is very effectual in discussing scrophulous tumours, when externally applied.

The raspings of the wood, mixed with whites of eggs, is an excellent application to scalds and burns; they are also famed for cleaning deep foul ulcers, and inducing the growth of healthy granulation.

Taken internally, the dose is 10 1/2 Mashas, and should it disagree with the stomach, which it often does, honey, or Gum Arabic, with sweet basil, are correctors. The large Baer Tree, (Konar), is a good substitute for the Abnoos; quality, hot 3, dry 2. Persian Awnoos.

16 Anbihildee.--Curcuma zedoaria, (Rox.) Amomum Zed. Wildenow. An Indian root, hot and dry in the 2d degree; useful in herpes, and foulness of the blood, and much esteemed as an external application in wounds and bruises, for which it is also internally exhibited: orange juice used as a vehicle, corrects, in some degree, its heating quality; or if this be not procurable, Bapahic, or the seed of the Penwur, or Turmeric, will have the same effect; the medicine may be given to the quantity of 3 1/2 Masha.

17 Apurjeeta.--Clitoria ternatea, Crow's beak, a twining shrub. The natives call it Kowwa Thontee, which literally signifies crow's beak, also Neelisbund; the plant is about a foot and a half high, and sometimes less, resembling the Cungheiy, only the leaves of the latter are smooth and polished, while those of the former are rough and hard; both the Apurjeeta and the variety Neelisbund, are cooling. It is beneficial in weakness of sight, in clearing the voice and soreness of the throat, and is useful in the poisonous bites of leeches. It is also of use in rheumatic affections of the joints, Juzam, bilious disorders, mucous discharge from the lungs or bowels; it allays general heat, and is said to be an antidote to certain poisonous substances, and of great efficacy in hard indolent tumours, and affections of the skin.

18 Abruc.--Talc, A fossil substance, beneficial in seminal weakness, redundance of bile, mucus, &c. An antidote to poison. The physicians of Hindostan prepare it for use by calcination. Arabic, Tulk.

19 Abhea.--A name for Hurr; it also signifies the water of life, and a medicine called Guloe.

20 Aotungun.--A very common seed, resembling coriander. In powder it is recommended as giving strength to the system, and rendering Aphrodisie more permanent. It is a very favorite medicine in India. It is, moreover, useful in Nephritia and liver complaints, and it is very innocent in its operation. Some physicians describe it as hot and dry, in a considerable degree, and disagreeing with the stomach; they, therefore, recommend it to be taken with a proportion of sugar. In all its properties the Maadentezerrubad states the Bonphilly to be nearly the same; dose 4 1/4 Mashas.

21 Atees.--The root. Of this there are two kinds, a white and black, and both are very common. The white kind resembles the Jedwaar; the root is very irregular in thickness. It frequently is found resembling the white Bahmen. Both kinds are bitter, astringent, pungent, and heating; aiding digestion, useful in dysentery, vomiting, and piles.

22 Adjmode.--Bishop's Weed, Sisson Ammi, (Linn.) Amoos, (Arab.) Ajooan, (Hind.) Nemkha, P. Ajamodum, S. A hot seed, stomachic cordial and stimulant. (Ajmood, Parsley? Taylor. Apium Involucratum.) Apium Involucratum, Rox. M. S. "Sp. Ch. Annual, glaucous, villous, superior leaflets filiform, both general and partial, involucra, about 6 leaved." Bitter and pungent, light and heating, increases appetite, induces costiveness, and strengthens the vital energy; increases the seminal secretion, and removes pains and other disorders, the consequence of colds; beneficial in nausea, is vermifuge, relieves hiccup, and is useful in Dysuria, but it produces heat in the abdomen. It is called Curufs, but it is only a variety of this, and is something betwixt that and Aniseed, though this may be owing to the difference of cultivation.

23 Adjwain.--"Anise Seed. In Arabic, Aneesoon. Pimpinella Anisum, Linn.

"Ujwain. The seed of a plant of the Dill kind, Taylor. Ligusticum Adjwaen, Roxb. Sp. Ch. annual, erect, leaves super de compound, with filiform leaflets, ridges and furrows of the seeds distinct and scabrous. This is what is recommended to notice by Dr. Percival, under the name Ajava seed."

A species of the above, of which there are two kinds, one of which is called Juhar; both are bitter, pungent, and aromatic; it resembles the Ajmode, but is smaller, and has a strong aromatic scent. It assists digestion, improves appetite, is useful in rheumatism and catarrhal affections; is vermifuge, beneficial in dropsy, dispels flatulence, and is highly extolled in flatulent cholic. A. Nanchoa.

24 Adjwain. 25 Khorasanee. "Hyosciamus niger, Linn. Black Henbane. Narcotic. Corrector, Vinegar."

This plant grows thick from the root, and is covered with a hairy down. The seeds are contained within a hard thick shell, and the leaves are like those of the pomegranate flower. The pod is filled with seeds of a small irregular shape. There is a plant called Hulbeh, which resembles this, but is smaller. A. Buzurulbunje.

26 Adjan.--Or Adjain, a large tree, with wide spreading branches, in size approaching that of the mangoe; its leaves growing close, and also resembling those of the mangoe tree, but longer and thinner; the fruit is about 1 1/2 foot long, and very thin.

27 Akhroat.--"The Walnut, Juglans regia, Linn." This is a native of hilly countries; its leaves are like the Terpat; the fruit is sweet to the taste, heating, and heavy; it loosens the bowels, and restores strength; it is useful in rheumatic affections, increases mental energy and the powers of manhood, and gives relief in flying pains in the stomach. A. Jouz.

28 Andaluck.--A kind of grain.

29 Aderuck.--"Ginger, Amomum zinziber, Linn. Amomum zinziber, Wild. Adraca, S. Sonth (dried root,) H. Sunthi, S." A very common root, the stem of which is knotty, and from every knot, a leaf is produced; it is hot and heavy; promotes digestion if eaten before meals, mixed with Lahore salt, (rock salt;) it prevents flatulent swellings in the stomach and bowels. P. Zinzibeel tur. It is much extolled as a stomachic when prepared as sweetmeats; but if the syrup be allowed to dry, it spoils, becomes less grateful to the taste, and its heating quality is much increased.

30 Arnee.--The name of a tree, in height that of the Peach tree, but it is full of branches from the root upwards, and the leaves are like those of the Sumhaloo; it is heating, and beneficial in rheumatic complaints and swellings from cold. In the Dhintri it is described as oleaginous and heavy; effectual in Jaundice, increasing appetite, loosening the bowels, and removing flatulence.

31 Arhir or Toor.--"Cytisus cajan." Some consider these as distinct species, but in my opinion Toor is only Arhir in an overgrown state. The plant grows to the height of a yard and half; and the taste of the pea of the Arhir is preferable to that of the Toor. Toor is sown and cut down at the same time as the sugar-cane; whereas the Arhir is sown, and cut with the barley. The pod of the Toor is larger than that of the Arhir; and the former has an unpleasant smell, which is wanting in the latter; they are both used very commonly as food, all over India. It is in its properties cool and dry, and produces costiveness; it is useful in bilious and catarrhal disorders, and in foulness of the blood. It is even said to be an antidote to poisons. In its taste it is sweet, like that of the Cassela. I conceive it hot in the 2d, and dry in the 3d degree, and recommend it for strengthening the stomach. When used as food it is heavy; but is beneficial in complaints having their origin in cold. If twice scalded in hot water, before it is boiled, it will cause less thirst; and if boiled in milk, or whey, it becomes less heating. A decoction of the leaves is recommended as a wash for the mouth, in cases of toothache, and diseases of the teeth. P. Shakool.

32 Aord, or Aort, or Mash..--vide M. (Phaseolus Max.)

33 Arne'.--The wild buffaloe. Its flesh recommended in Marasmus. P. Gowmeche Serhaie.