Part 27

"Somoderphill is hot and dry; if introduced into the nose with goat's milk or urine, it will cure head-ache, hemicrania, suppressed mucus, &c. If mixed with goat's urine and applied to the eyes, it will cure night blindness, and removes opacities in the cornea. Mixed with human urine, it is both ate and applied to the nose in bites of snakes, and with sheep's urine or buffaloe's dung is applied to the pubis in the cure of diabetes; mixed with turmeric, it is an useful application to the spots of white leprosy; with sugar, ate for the cure of seminal weakness; with aniseed, in pains of the bowels; with cow's urine, in hiccup; with dhaie, as an astringent; with ginger, in rheumatism; with human urine, in black jaundice; with cow's urine, in mesenteric obstructions of children; and for those who are dull of hearing, mixed with Bhangra or honey, as an application to the inside of the ear. In restrained or obstructed lochia, or retention of the placenta, with asafoetida; and with cloves and sugar, in intermittent fever."

580 Somooder Phane.--Sponge.

581 Somooder Lone.--Murias SodÊ. The sea salt; it is sweet and bitter, hot and cool, in equal degrees; tonic, anthelmintic, purgative; promotes appetite and digestion, cures disorders of wind, and corrects irregularities of bile and mucus.

582 Somoodersake.--Convolvulus Argenteus, also Ruttunmala.

Maadentezerrubad.

"A seed like the mustard; black and aperient, cool and moist, in the 1st degree; is aphrodisiac; strengthens the stomach, removes heat of urine, gonorrhoea, thinness of semen, the secretion of which it thickens and increases. It is astringent, and produces flatulence. Its corrector is sugar; its succed. Sireyara: dose six mashas."

583 Sungtirra.--The author of the Ayeen Akberry calls it Sontirra. A fruit of India of great esteem; it is of a yellowish red color, in shape like the apple, but larger. Its rind is fine, soft, and smooth, like the Sylhet orange, which it in all respects much resembles. It is large, sweet, and acid. There are different names for the different kinds of oranges, but this is the largest and best. It is in my opinion cool, cardiac, drying; allays heat and thirst, and prevents the ill effects of wind, loosens phlegm and bile, strengthens the stomach; is very grateful when ate with sugar; and its acid is less hurtful than many others. I have known a man of a bilious temperament, who told me that he always found relief from the use of this orange. The emperor was in the habit of eating it in Pilaus, when sweetened with sugar and rose-water, and thus used, he called it Rahut Jahn. It is thus rendered more cooling and more grateful to the taste. He also ate it when cooled in ice, and found it useful in giving tone to the stomach. The people of India use it with their food. If ate after having been sprinkled with a little salt, its acid will have less effect on the teeth, mouth, and throat; this however, can only be necessary when unripe or not of the best kind. "Many more trivial properties are ascribed to this orange in the original, which would only be waste of time and paper to record."--Trans. It is said to be hurtful in coughs, and colds.

584 Singhara.--"Trapa natuns." "Trapa Bispinosa." A common triangular water-nut, like the hermodactyls; it is the produce of ponds or reservoirs of water. When green and unripe, it is pleasantest to the taste; when ripe, it becomes hard, and when dried, more so; it is much employed in aphrodisiac formulÊ. It is sweet, cool, and heavy; cures bilious disorders, and those of blood; removes heat of the body, restrains laxities in the bowels, and increases semen. It is generally liked and universally eaten.

585 Sindoorie.--A name for Sud· Soh·gun.

586 Sunkaholie.--A small plant, with very thin branches like common grass; its leaves are very small; it is a creeper on the ground; its flower white and small, and looks very beautiful in the evenings or in moonlight nights. It is astringent, hot, and moist; aperient and aphrodisiac; increases memory, understanding, and perception, and likewise discrimination; cures seminal weakness, and forms an ingredient in all favorite formulÊ; cures gonorrhoea; and I have often used the bark of its root as an aphrodisiac and for increasing the consistence of semen. Some have called this Soorch.

587 Sunn.--"Crotalaria Juncea." A plant, the bark of which is used as hemp; it is usually sown around cotton fields. It is of two kinds, the second called Rasni. It is pungent and acid, and its leaves are used as a culinary vegetable; it is cool, heavy, and astringent. Its flower is used as an astringent in lochial discharge.

588 Sunkh.--A white shell of a very large size; cool, light; strengthens the eye-sight, cures mucous disorders, and those of bile and blood. A. Hulzoom. There is a small kind called Cowrie; if this be burnt and calcined, it will quickly dry up sores by being sprinkled over them.

589 Sebaloo.--or Sebalie, or Nindee, see N. Vitex Trifolia.

590 Sindoor.--The red oxide of lead, used externally. "Sindoora, S." Hot; cures acne and Juzam, and disorders of poison, boils, and eruptions; clears wounds; promotes the junction of broken bones. The ointment of this is very excellent in sores. The receipt is to be found in many other works.

591 Soomboolkhar.--"The white Oxide of Arsenic." It is white and like alum in color; it ought to be chosen thus: when rubbed on a crow's feather and put over the fire, if it does not smoke, and the feather becomes white, it is good. A. Toorabalhalik. There are six kinds of this, one named Sunkia, the third Godunta, the fourth Darma, the fifth Huldia; but each will be noticed under its own proper head. The Yunani physicians do not allow this to form a part of their prescriptions, as they believe it destroys the vital principle; and such medicines as are deleterious in their effects, such as opium, they always exhibit with correctors, for this reason such remedies are seldom noticed or used by them. The physicians of India, on the contrary, find these drugs more effectual in many disorders than others of less power, and such the calx of metals. For this reason too, I am in the habit of seldom giving these remedies internally, but I usually confine my use of them to external application, and as aphrodisiacs, which I prescribe to a few friends, who may have derived no benefit from Yunani prescriptions. It is better, however, to use as few of them as possible. The sixth kind is Hurtaal.

592 Sunkia.--A kind of arsenic.

593 Sunkhal.--A species of Bindaloo.

594 Sungjerahut.--It obtains its name from being useful in wounds. Throughout India it is also known by the name of Sungderaz. It is a stone of very soft consistence; cool and light; beneficial in fever, bile, asthma, pains in the chest, flatulence, and laxities in the bowels; and when used in ointment, dries up ulcerated parts, removes pain, and acts as an absorbent in the stomach and bowels. I have found it by experience to be extremely useful in the before-mentioned complaints, also in diarrhoea; in Hindostan it is called Surkoola.

595 Sungjoothka.--A name for Jui; having a white flower.

596 Soorinjoothka.--Also a name for the above; having a yellow flower.

597 Sonamukie.--A name for Marka sheesha. "Marcasite stone."

598 Sooroon.--A kind of Baharkund, called Zemeekund. A root, resembling a turtle, used in India as pickles; it is dressed with meat, and also used by itself; it is dry, light, and stomachic; useful in disorders of phlegm and piles; it produces eruptions from diffusion of bile, and some have called it difficult of digestion. Those who are in a reduced state, or have weak stomachs, had better not eat more than 20 direms. To my knowledge, it is much used in piles; it is said to be beneficial in cholics and pains in the bowels. It increases bile; and is hurtful in disorders of blood; it is also injurious to the throat. Its correctors are fresh dhaie, and being parboiled in water and the water changed. It may also be corrected by being boiled with tamarind or anula leaves. Enclosed in clay and roasted in an oven, the outer rind pulled off, it will be found less hurtful; in any other manner it irritates the throat. If used in powder, it must be skinned and dried in the shade; one kind of it is white inside, and of a purple color externally. A third is white on both sides; the former is the strongest: it is also named Soorunsona.

599 Soombullie.--Pungent and bitter, cures disorders of wind and mucus, and is an ingredient in favorite formulÊ.

600 Soos.--"The Porpus Delphinus." Its flesh is moist and heavy, cures disorders of wind, and increases semen and mucus. P. KhookmaiÈ. A. Delphine. The author of the Echtyarat has described this as a large fish of a black color, with a head like that of the hog.

601 Suer.--See Kual.

602 Suwa.--Its flesh is cool, dry, light, and astringents; useful in bruises; cures phlegm, cough, and hectic fever. A. Begha.

603 Soopee.--Any kind of fried pea, deprived of its shell.

604 Sona.--A precious metal; cool, heavy, and aphrodisiac; beneficial as an antidote to poisons, and in repressing the three secretions; used in mania, fever, and dryness; clears the complexion, and is an ingredient in all favorite formulÊ. When prepared for use, it is called Mirganick.