Part 14

The account given by Oribasius is similar to our author’s. (Synops. v, 8.)

Alsaharavius properly recommends attention to correct the acrimony of the nurse’s milk; to wash the child with decoctions of roses, myrtle leaves, and the like; if the pustules are of a dry nature, to rub them with oil of sesame or of violets; and, if humid, with an ointment made of wax, litharge, and rose-oil.

Rhases directs the nurse to abstain from sweet and salt things, as they inflame the blood; and to put the child into a bath medicated with mallows, pearl-barley, fenugreek, gourds, &c.

Avicenna and Haly Abbas treat the complaint upon similar principles.

SECT. IX.—ON DENTITION.

Dentition commences about the seventh month. At that time inflammations of the gums, cheeks, and tendons are apt to occur; and sometimes convulsions. The child must then get nothing which requires mastication; and his gums should be rubbed frequently when in the bath with the finger, or soothed with the fat of fowls or the brain of a hare. When the teeth are just coming through, the neck, jaws, and head should be wrapped in soft wool, or they may be anointed with warm sweet oil, some of which ought to be poured into the pores of the ears. The child ought then to have a more generous quality of food, and be bathed in warm water. If he have diarrhœa, it is proper to bind his belly by epithemes, namely, such as are of an astringent nature, as cumin, dill, or parsley, sprinkled upon wool. It is proper to mix the seeds of roses, and, in short, to use hot desiccants. If the bowels are constipated, they may be gently roused to action by means of a suppository of honey, or the belly may be anointed with mint pounded in honey. But the best remedy for the convulsions of children, apparently, is to bathe them in water wherein turnsol (heliotropium) has been boiled. It will be of consequence also to use the oil of privet, of the iris, and the Sicyonian oil; and, in short, everything which is of a calefacient nature. But when the teeth have come through so as to bite the fingers, it may be proper that he keep in his mouth the root of the iris, shaven down and not quite dried. This also is of use to ulcers. Butter likewise rubbed in with honey will be of service. The flesh of an old pickle relieves pruritus of the gums.

* * * * *

COMMENTARY. See, in particular, Oribasius (Synops. v, 9), and Aëtius (iv, 9.) Hippocrates and Aëtius recommend a jasper amulet. Hippocrates remarks that fevers, pruritus, looseness of the bowels, and convulsions are apt to come on at the time of dentition, if the child be plethoric, and his bowels constipated. (Aphoris, cum Comment. Galeni.) Aretæus makes the same statement. (Morb. acut. i, 6.)

Moschion directs the gums of the child to be rubbed, after the fifth month, with sweet oil, the fresh grease of a hen, the brain of a hare, and lastly with boiled honey. When inflammation supervenes afterwards, he recommends fumigations and cataplasms, and directs the food and drink of the nurse to be restricted. (c. 119.)

The directions given by Avicenna are similar to those of Moschion. (i, 3, 1.) Alsaharavius properly states that the best way to avoid difficult dentition is to guard against corruption of the food and drink, and to abstain from emetics, acids, figs, &c. To remove the painful symptoms attendant on dentition, he directs us to rub the gums with olive oil, honey in which aloes and gum arabic have been boiled, and the like; to wrap the head in soft wool, and to pour tepid water upon it. (Pract. xxxvi, 19.)

The treatment recommended by the other authorities is very similar. See, in particular, Rhases (Ad Mans. iii, 13.)

The only ancient authors who make mention of scarification of the gums as a remedy for painful dentition are, Marcellus Sideta (Medicina, ex Piscibus,) and Pliny (Hist. Nat. xxxii, 26.) Both direct it to be done with the sting of the Pastinaca Marina.

SECT. X.—ON APHTHÆ.

Infants are liable to an ulcer of the mouth called aphtha. It is either whitish, reddish, or black, like an eschar. That which is black is of the worst kind and most fatal. The iris mixed with honey is of use, or you may blow in the dry powder if you please; also, the pounded leaves of roses, or the flowers of roses, and crocus—a small quantity of myrrh, galls, frankincense, or the bark of the frankincense tree: all these together, or separately, may be mixed with honey; and, in addition to these, may be joined honied water and the juice of the sweet pomegranate.

* * * * *

COMMENTARY. Hippocrates mentions aphthæ among the diseases of dentition. (De Dent.) Theophilus, the commentator on Hippocrates, says, that aphthæ are occasioned by the tenderness of the parts, which cannot bear the bad qualities of the milk. According to Aretæus, the land of Egypt is particularly prolific of these ulcers, which are engendered by the impurities of the water and the quality of the vegetables that grow there. (Morb. Acut. i, 9.) The aphthæ appear to be the oscedo of Isidorus. (Orig. iv, 8.)

Our author copies from Oribasius. (Synops. v, 10.) See also Aëtius, (viii, 39.) Aëtius borrows his account from Galen, who is very full upon the treatment of aphthæ. He remarks that recent superficial ulcers are easily cured, but that such as spread and are of a gangrenous nature are very dangerous. He gives, at great length, directions for the composition of applications, suited to every modification of the complaint. When the pustules are red, he prescribes washes of a moderately astringent and cooling nature; if yellowish, the same, but somewhat more refrigerant; if whitish and pituitous, detergents are to be used; and, if black, the most powerful discutients. For simple cases of the aphthæ infantium, he merely recommends the flowers of roses with honied water. Most of his remedies are astringents. (De Med. sec. Loc. lib. vi.) In another work, he says that aphthæ are occasioned by the acrimony of the milk, and are to be cured by astringents. (Comment. in III Epidem.)

Pliny mentions that the lapis melititis was used as an application in cases of ulceration of the fauces. (Hist. Nat., xxxvi.) There is reason to believe that it was Borax, or borate of soda.

Avicenna recommends at first washes prepared from the vegetable acids, and afterwards astringents, such as galls, sumach, balaustine, &c. (i, 3, 1.) See also Haly Abbas (Pract. i, 20.)

Alsaharavius states that aphthæ commonly arise from the sharpness of the milk. His general treatment consists in regulating the diet of the nurse, and using washes principally of an astringent nature for the child’s mouth. When they are very painful, he adds to the washes the juice of lettuce, endive, and the like. When they are whitish, he recommends a powder consisting of myrtle, saffron, and sugar. (Tr. xxvi, 20.) Rhases’ treatment is quite similar. (De Morbis Infantium, c. 14.)

The author of the following work, which has been falsely ascribed to Dioscorides, recommends certain applications of a strongly escharotic nature, such as this: Of arsenic, p. i; of burnt paper, p. iii; or this, of sandarach and rose-oil equal parts. (Euporist. i, 82.)

Psellus enumerates two kinds of aphthæ, namely, the white and the red; the former, he says, is mild, the latter very dangerous. (Poëma Medicum.)

SECT. XI.—ON EXCORIATIONS OF THE THIGHS.

Excoriations of the thighs may be sprinkled with dried myrtle, cyperus, and roses.

* * * * *

COMMENTARY. See, in particular, Oribasius (Synops. v, 11); Aëtius (iv, 24); and Avicenna (i, 3, 1.) All recommend nearly the same astringent applications for the intertrigo of infants.

SECT. XII.—ON WATERY DISCHARGES FROM THE EARS.

Watery discharges from the ears may be dried up by applying to them wool with alum, or with wine and honey, or by an injection of old wine either alone or mixed with saffron.