The Salmon Fishery of Penobscot Bay and River in 1895-96

Part 1

E-text prepared by Ronald Calvin Huber while serving as Penobscot Bay Watch, Rockland, Maine, with technical assistance from Joseph E. Loewenstein, M.D.

THE SALMON FISHERY OF PENOBSCOT BAY AND RIVER IN 1895-96

HUGH M. SMITH

Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission, 1898 Pages 113-124

Contents

Introduction

Extent and condition of the fishery in 1895 and 1896

Detailed statistics for 1895 and 1896

Comparative data relative to the salmon fishery

Apparatus and methods of the fishery

Salmon at Matinicus and Ragged islands

Salmon at the Cranberry Isles

Salmon caught with hook off Maine coast

Destruction of salmon by seals

Evidences of results of propagation

Extension of salmon-hatching operations on the Penobscot

Planting of quinnat salmon and steelhead trout in Maine streams

During the months of August and September, 1896, the writer visited the shores of Penobscot River and Bay in the interests of the United States Fish Commission, for the purpose of securing data regarding the condition and extent of the salmon, shad, and alewife fisheries. Special attention was given to the salmon fishery, as the Penobscot is now the only important salmon stream on the Atlantic coast of the United States and has been the field for very extensive fish-cultural operations on the part of the Fish Commission. A large majority of the owners of the salmon weirs and nets along both sides of the bay and river were interviewed and accurate accounts of their fishing obtained, together with their observations as to the effect of artificial propagation on the supply.

The history and methods of the salmon fishery of this basin have been well presented in papers by Mr. Charles G. Atkins, superintendent of the Government hatchery at Craig Brook, Maine. [1,2] The present paper is primarily intended to show the extent and condition of the salmon fishery of Penobscot Bay and River in 1895 and 1896 and the influence of artificial propagation on the supply. The methods and apparatus of the fishery are briefly considered. A chart of the Penobscot region, giving the location of salmon weirs and traps in use in 1896, is appended, and illustrations of some of the types of salmon apparatus are shown.

Extent and condition of the fishery in 1895 and 1896.

While the number of nets operated in these two years was practically the same, the catch in 1896 was much greater than in 1895, and was one of the largest in the recent history of the fishery. A comparatively large number of fishermen reported that they took more salmon than in any previous year. The salmon, however, were smaller than usual, and their market value was but little more in 1896 than in 1895.

The traps set especially for salmon, or in which salmon were taken, numbered 193 in 1895 and 184 in 1896. These, with the accessories, had a value of $12,474 and $13,146, respectively. The boats and scows required in the construction and operation of the nets numbered 188 in 1895, the same in 1896, and were valued at $3,576 and $3,599, respectively. The number of men engaged in the fishery was 127 in 1895 and 126 in 1896. In the comparatively unimportant branch of the fishery carried on with gill nets in the vicinity of Bangor, 10 nets, valued at $189, were used in 1895, and 11 nets, worth $199, in 1896; these were set by 6 men in the first year and 7 in the next. The boats numbered 4 in 1895 and 5 in 1896, and were valued at $29 and $37, respectively.

The total number of salmon caught in 1895 was 4,395; these weighed 65,011 pounds and yielded the fishermen $11,356; in gill nets 117 salmon were caught, weighing 1,985 pounds and valued at $323. In 1896 the result of the fishery was 6,403 salmon, weighing 80,175 pounds, with a market value of $12,716; the gill-net catch this year was 246 salmon, with a weight of 3,444 pounds and a value of $492.

The outcome of the fishery in 1896 exceeded that of 1895 by 2,008 salmon; increase in weight was 15,164 pounds, and in value $1,360. The percentage of increase in these items was as follows: Fish taken, 46 per cent; weight of catch, 23 per cent; value of catch, 12 per cent.

As an illustration of the uniform increase in the number of salmon taken in 1896, the following facts may be cited: The nets that were set in both years numbered 162; of these, 146 nets, or 90 per cent, took more salmon in 1896 than in 1895; and only 16, or 10 per cent, took the same number or less. The comparative figures for the nets that secured more fish in 1896 were 3,449 salmon in 1895 and 5,681 in 1896. The nets whose catch was the same or less in 1896 caught 295 fish in 1895 and 289 in 1896.

The largest number of salmon taken by one fisherman in 1895 was 408; these were caught in 3 nets on the lower side of Sears Island, in the township of Searsport. Other catches by single fishermen in 1895 were 104 salmon in 4 nets in Stockton, 102 in 5 nets in Northport, 150 in 3 nets in Islesboro, and 150 in 3 nets in Verona.

In 1896 the 3 Searsport nets first mentioned took 426 salmon, and a large number of fishermen secured between 100 and 200 fish in 2 to 5 nets. Thus, in Stockton 100 fish were caught in 2 nets, 105 in 3 nets, and 110 in 1 net; in Penobscot 192 salmon were taken in 2 nets, 105 in 2 nets, and 127 in 2 nets; in Northport 5 nets obtained 204 fish and 4 nets 125 fish; in Islesboro 3 nets took 130 fish, 3 nets 150 fish, 4 nets 190 fish, and 2 nets 100 fish; in Verona 3 nets caught 174 fish, 2 nets 106 fish, 3 nets 150 fish, 1 net 100 fish, and 2 nets 170 fish.

About 80 per cent of the fishing is done in that part of the river between the northern end of Whitmore Island and Islesboro. While single weirs in that part of the river between Bucksport and Bangor may take as many as 50 or 60 salmon some seasons, the average was only 14 in 1895 and 26 in 1896, and the aggregate is comparatively small. In the townships of Lincolnville and Camden, which are the lowest points in the Penobscot region at which salmon fishing is done, the average catch to a net in 1895 was only 16 salmon and in 1896 only 19 salmon.

Part 2

Detailed statistics for 1895 and 1896.

The following tables show, by townships, the extent of the salmon fishery of Penobscot Bay and River in 1895 and 1896:

TABLE. Persons Employed

Towns | 1895 1896 | --------------------------| ---- ---- | Brooksville (Cape Rosier) | 4 2 | Bucksport | 10 9 | Camden | 2 2 | Castine | 3 2 | Hampden | 1 1 | Islesboro | 7 6 | Lincolnville | 7 7 | Matinicus & Ragged Islands| 4 8 | Northport | 7 6 | Orland | 17 22 | Orrington | 5 5 | Penobscot | 16 15 | Searsport | 3 2 | South Brewer | 2 2 | Stockton and Prospect | 17 15 | Verona | 21 21 | Winterport | 7 8 | | --- --- | Total | 133 133 |

TABLE. Apparatus, boats, etc.

| Weirs and traps.* | Gill nets. | | | | | 1895 1896 | 1895 1896 | | --------- --------- | --------- --------- | | No. Value No. Value | No. Value No. Value | | --- ----- --- ----- | --- ----- --- ----- | Brooksville (Cape Rosier)| 7 $420 4 $240 | 0 | Bucksport | 13 511 11 455 | | Camden | 5 200 5 200 | | Castine | 4 252 3 201 | | Hampden | | 2 $26 2 $26 | Islesboro | 17 925 16 875 | | Lincolnville | 12 650 14 700 | | Matinicus and | | | Ragged Islands | 1 1,000 2 2,500 | | Northport | 15 1,155 12 1,005 | | Orland | 19 664 26 888 | | Orrington | 2 99 2 99 | 5 58 5 58 | Penobscot | 24 1,587 22 1,421 | | Searsport | 4 213 3 152 | | South Brewer | | 3 105 3 105 | Stockton and Prospect | 26 1,530 20 1,183 | | Verona | 37 2,801 37 2,760 | | Winterport | 7 467 7 467 | 1 10 | | --- ------ --- ------ | -- --- -- --- | Total | 193 12,474 184 13,146 | 10 189 11 199 |

*Includes accessories

| Boats and scows. | Total | | | investment. | | 1895 1896 | | | --------- --------- | 1895 1896 | | No. Value No. Value | | | --- ----- --- ----- | ---- ---- | Brooksville (Cape Rosier)| 3 $30 2 $20 | $450 $260 | Bucksport | 16 270 14 238 | 781 693 | Camden | 2 45 2 45 | 245 245 | Castine | 5 25 4 20 | 277 221 | Hampden | 1 12 1 12 | 38 38 | Islesboro | 7 94 6 79 | 1,019 954 | Lincolnville | 7 132 7 117 | 782 817 | Matinicus and | | | Ragged Islands | 2 75 5 195 | 1,075 2,695 | Northport | 8 163 7 138 | 1,318 1,143 | Orland | 25 467 32 535 | 1,131 1,423 | Orrington | 2 11 2 11 | 168 168 | Penobscot | 30 436 28 413 | 2,023 1,834 | Searsport | 6 145 4 125 | 358 277 | South Brewer | 1 6 1 6 | 111 111 | Stockton and Prospect | 33 413 31 383 | 1,943 1,566 | Verona | 35 1,100 36 1,110 | 3,901 3,870 | Winterport | 10 181 11 189 | 648 666 | | --- ------ --- ------ | -- --- -- --- | Total | 192 3,605 193 3,636 | 16,268 16,981 |

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