Appendix Iii.

TABLE OF THE INCOME AND EXPENDITURE OF THE ROYAL INSTITUTION TO 1814, OMITTING SHILLINGS AND PENCE.

+------------------------------------------------------------------+ | INCOME. | +--------+-----------+-----------+-----------+--------------+------+ | | | | |Miscellaneous | | | | |Life |Annual |Ground Rents, |Grand | | Year |Proprietors|Subscribers|Subscribers|Dividends, &c.|Total | +--------+-----------+-----------+-----------+--------------+------+ | | £ | £ | £ | £ | £ | |1799 | 5,827 | 514 | 37 | -- | 6,379| |1800 | 8,047 | 2,280 | 719 | -- |11,047| |1801 | 2,323 | 363 | 456 | 331 | 3,474| |1802 | 1,417 | 503 | 1,003 | 75 | 2,999| |1803 | 1,134 | 245 | 1,624 | 512 | 3,516| |1804 | 808 | 437 | 2,271 | 248 | 3,765| |1805 | 1,837 | 387 | 3,845 | 434 | 6,504| |1806 | 1,134 | 126 | 2,691 | 190 | 4,141| |1807 | -- | -- | 1,426 | 13 | 1,560| |1808 | -- | 126 | 1,615 | 138 | 1,880| |1809| -- | 279 | 1,778 | 289 | 2,347| |1810 | -- | 812 | 1,723 | 2,334 | 4,869| |1811 | -- | 1,731 | 1,869 | 719 | 4,319| |1812 | -- | 913 | 2,172 | 244 | 3,329| |1813 | -- | 584 | 1,978 | 542 | 3,104| |1814 | -- | 710 | 1,763 | 1,937 | 4,410| +--------+-----------+-----------+-----------+--------------+------+

+------------------------------------------------------------------+ | EXPENDITURE. | +----+-----+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------------+------+ | | | | | | | Surplus, | | | | | | | | | Funds, | | | | | | | | | Exchequer | | | | | | | | | Bills, | | | | | | | | | Given to the| Grand| |Year|House|Lectures|Library|Printing|Workshop| Library, &c.| Total| +----+-----+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------------+------+ | | £ | £ | £ | £ | £ | £ | £ | |1799|5,147| -- | 15 | 184 | -- | -- | 5,777| |1800|4,193| 802 | 174 | 216 | 1 | 4,471 |10,115| |1801|4,868| 812 | 269 | 376 | 708 | -- | 7,078| |1802|5,113| 844 | 255 | 344 | 502 | -- | 7,059| |1803|1,667| 1,014 | 250 | 478 | 326 | 157 | 3,894| |1804|1,777| 872 | 210 | 181 | 118 | 420 | 3,579| |1805|1,999| 1,096 | 287 | 193 | 320 | 813 | 4,710| |1806|1,739| 1,493 | 464 | 384 | 47| 1,805 | 5,935| |1807|1,816| 1,451 | 440 | 258 | -- | -- | 3,967| |1808|1,834| 1,128 | 422 | 99 | -- | -- | 3,484| |1809|1,905| 1,326 | 420 | 375 | -- | Debts, 2,068| |1810| 562| 499 | 220 | 375 | -- | 2,524 | 4,180| |1811|1,796| 886 | 322 | 157 | -- | 1,784 | 4,945| |1812|1,080| 533 | 190 | 172 | -- | 1,165 | 3,140| |1813| 872| 783 | 222 | 150 | -- | 1,175 | 3,202| |1814|1,322| 727 | 352 | 180 | -- | 1,870 | 4,451| +----+-----+--------+-------+--------+--------+-------------+------+

FOOTNOTES:

The following unpublished letter from General Howe to General Washington, written from Philadelphia in 1776, shows what the tyranny of the committees and people was:

‘You are not ignorant that numbers even of the most respectable gentlemen in America have been torn from their families, confined in gaols, and their property confiscated; that many of those in this city, whose religious tenets secured them from suspicion of entertaining designs of hostility, have been ignominiously imprisoned, and without even the colour of a judicial proceeding, banished from their tenderest connections into the remotest part of another province. Nor can it be unknown to you that many have suffered death from tortures inflicted by the unrelenting populace under the eye of usurped yet passive authority; that some have been dragged to trial for their loyalty and, in cruel mockery of law, condemned and executed; that others are now perishing in loathsome dungeons, and that penal edicts are daily issuing against all who hesitate to disavow, by a solemn oath, the allegiance they owe and wish to pay to their sovereign.’

General Howe shows the exasperation of the Royalists also. He says:

‘Members of committees, collectors of arbitrary fines, &c., oppressors of the peaceable inhabitants, have been seized by the exasperated inhabitants of different parts of the country and delivered into my hands.’

The pamphlet here referred to was Lord Sheffield’s ‘Observations on the Commerce of the American States.’

So great was the economy practised that the daily expense for fire-wood in the kitchen, where dinner was provided for 1,000 people, was only twelve Kreutzers, or fourpence halfpenny. Sometimes 1,500 were fed in one day.

The great mistake which has been committed in most of the attempts to introduce a spirit of industry where habits of idleness have prevailed, has been the too frequent use of coercive measures. Force will not do. It is address which must be used on those occasions. The children in the House of Industry at Munich who, being placed on elevated seats round the hall where other children worked, were made to be idle spectators of that amusing scene, cried most bitterly when their request to descend from their seats and mix in that busy crowd was refused; but they would most probably have cried still more had they been taken abruptly from their play and forced to work. Men are but children of a larger growth, and those who undertake to direct them ought ever to bear in mind that important truth.

This was the prospectus of the Royal Institution.

This was a model one quarter of the full size of the new Bavarian six-pounder with its ammunition waggon. The Elector permitted him to present it to the United States.

The President wrote to Secretary McHenry: ‘I should not scruple to give him any of the appointments you mention, and leave it with you to make such proposals to him through Mr. King within the limits you have drawn in your letter as you should think fit.’

Notwithstanding this his daughter said her father objected to her marrying Sir C. Blagden.

Probably the caricature by Gilray of the Royal Institution and Sir John Hippesley, published on May 23. Count Rumford was caricatured on June 12, 1800.

Blagden himself had just been accused of being a spy.

It was not until May 1, 1807, that King Maximilian Joseph, ‘having extended the bounds of his kingdom, gave a new constitution to the Bavarian Academy, proportioned to the existing state of science and to his new empire.’ The first public meeting was held on July 27.

The gentlemen chosen were the Earl of Winchelsea, Mr. Wilberforce, the Rev. Dr. Glasse, Mr. Sullivan, Mr. Richard Sulivan, Mr. Colquhoun, Mr. Parry, and Mr. Bernard.

If any other season should be thought more convenient for these elections, it will of course be chosen instead of that here proposed.

No notice of workshops exists in the first number of the Journal, dated April 1800. In the second number, containing the report to the managers on May 25, 1801, it is said that eighteen or twenty young men are to be boarded and lodged in the house (p. 27, Journal).

This gallery staircase has left its mark in the Institution, and is drawn in the old plans of the house. There was originally no door into the theatre under the gallery.

Sir J. Hippesley, elected May 19.

Now the anteroom.

Now the lecturers’ room.

This was part of the front area.

Now the chemical laboratory, 1871.

This and a line below are the only traces of praise of Count Rumford that are to be found in the records of the Institution.

Edinburgh Review, Nos. II. and IX., 1803, 1804.

See Appendix II.

See p. 205.

See p. 210.

Hippesleys and Bernards.

Where Mr. Sharpe, Sydney Smith’s friend, lived.

Mr. E. Davy, his cousin.

See below, p. 350, Life of Professor Davy.

This lecture was given. In it Mr. Coleridge made a violent personal attack on Mr. Joseph Lancaster, and a year afterwards, at the annual meeting of proprietors, a resolution was carried unanimously that ‘this attack was in direct violation of a known and established rule of the Royal Institution, prohibiting any personal animadversions in the lectures there delivered.’

Probably Mr. Boulton of Birmingham.

Present, Sir Joseph Banks, Earl of Morton, Count Rumford, and Richard Clark, Esq.

The substance of these lectures was published in the fourth number of the Journals of the Royal Institution, p. 49, edited by Dr. Young. The paper is called Outlines of a View of Galvanism. It is dated September 1801.

This was the first memoir on the Theory of Light and Colours, read Nov. 12, 1801.

Davy always thought he caught the fever during an experiment for disinfecting Newgate Prison.

Some time after his recovery it was said in the Institution that his laboratory experiments caused his illness.

‘Says Davy to Baryt, “I’ve a strong inclination To try to effect your deoxidation;” But Baryt replied, “Have a care of your mirth, Lest I should retaliate and change you to earth.”’

The voltaic subscriptions amounted to 520l.

The predecessor of Mr. Faraday.

The discovery of the simplicity of chlorine was claimed by the French chemists; Davy afterwards said of Gay-Lussac’s paper in the Annales de Chimie for July 1814, ‘The historical notes attached to it are of a nature not to be passed over without animadversion. M. Gay-Lussac states that he and M. Thénard were the first to advance the hypothesis that chlorine was a simple body, and he quotes M. Ampère as having entertained that opinion before me. On the subject of the originality of the idea of chlorine being a simple body I have always vindicated the claims of Scheele, but I must assume for myself the labour of having demonstrated its properties and combinations and of having explained the chemical phenomena it produces, and I am in possession of a letter from M. Ampère that shows he has no claims of this kind to make.’

Count Rumford must have proposed a salary of 225l. (p. 238).

Expenditure to June 12.

Abolished in August.

INDEX.

Academy, American, of Arts and Sciences, 53; Bavarian, of Arts and Sciences, 89

Accounts of the Royal Institution, 180, 203, 304, 425

Agriculture, Board of, 201, 202, 215

Alkalies, decomposition of, 279

Alloys, experiments on, proposed, 192

Astle, T., his library bought, 259

Baldwin, Loammi, 6, 8, 41, 59, 62, 65, 67, 68

Banks, Sir Joseph, 3, 29, 73, 75, 77, 78, 80, 134, 153, 215, 261, 263, 275, 369

Bavaria, Elector of, his introduction to Rumford, 28; made Fellow of Royal Society, 29

Beggars at Munich, 31, 32

Bernard, Thomas (afterwards Sir Thomas), 46, 115, 138; report on the Institution, 203, 301; death, 302

Blagden, Sir C., 42, 69, 71, 77, 81, 84, 93

Böekman, Mr., 181

Brande, Mr., 308, 309, 389

Carleton, Sir Guy, 24, 25, 260, 405

Chemical operator, 172

Clinton, Sir Henry, 15, 19

Coleridge, Mr., his lectures, 277, 284, 342

Committee of Science, 215, 302, 309; committees for investigation, 154, 186, 138, 192, 280

Concord, formerly Rumford, 3, 113

Cooper, Astley, 259

Crotch, Dr., 260

Curwen, Judge, his sketch of Thompson, 18

Cuvier, Baron, his éloge on Rumford, 13, 29, 36, 109

Dalton, Mr., 216, 290

Dartmouth, Lord, 12

Davy, Sir H., 70, 83, 113, 176, 180, 281, 300, 304, 307, 310; his birth, 312; at Bristol with Dr. Beddoes, 313; his first work, 314; opinion of by Southey, 315; his first galvanic experiments, 316; first interview with Rumford, 317; his engagement at the Institution, 318, 320; his first lectures, 321, 323; his second year’s lectures, 326; his success as a lecturer, 328; his lectures on Agriculture, 329; edited the Journal, 331; made F.R.S., 331; opinion of him by Coleridge, 332; his own opinion, 333; Dr. Dalton’s account of him, 334; his letter to Coleridge, who was leaving England, 335; his letter on the death of G. Watt, 337; received the Copley medal, 338; his picture of Ireland, 338; his electrical discoveries, 339; his first Bakerian lecture, 340; secretary of the Royal Society, 341; his account of Coleridge’s lectures, 342; his laboratory notes of the decomposition of the alkalies, 343, 344, 345, 346; his first sketch of the Bakerian lecture on the New Metals, 347, 348, 349; his illness, 350; Mr. Dibden’s account of his discoveries, 351, 352; his lectures after his illness, 354; his work, 355; his new electric battery, 356; tries to decompose nitrogen, 358; his picture of the laboratory, 360; his work on Chlorine, 363, 364; his lectures at Dublin, 366; his marriage, 367, 368, 369, 381; his last lectures at the Royal Institution, 370; on Radiant Matter, 371; on Chlorine, 374; on Simple Inflammable Bodies, 376; on the Metals, 378; his ‘Elements of Chemical Philosophy,’ 381; reviewed by Dr. Young, 382, 384, 386; his agricultural lectures, 387; his work on Fluorine, 388; elected honorary professor, 389; his researches on flame, 390; President of Royal Society, 390; on the protection of ships, 391; his first attack of paralysis, 391; resignation of the presidentship, 393; his last paper on the Torpedo, 396; his last illness, 398; his death, 400; his picture by his friend Mr. Poole, 401, 403

Dibden, Mr., 213, 273, 283, 351, 352

Dragoons, King’s American, regiment, 16, 25, 26, 407

Elector of Bavaria, Theodore, 28, 29, 40, 41, 59, 60, 62; Maximilian, 72, 77, 82, 97

Essays, Count Rumford’s, 43, 49, 76

Faraday, Michael, 307, 308, 310, 311, 389, 391

Fluoric principle, Davy on, 307, 308

Gage, Governor, 6, 11

Garden, English, at Munich, 37

Garnett, Dr., 141, 148, 157; his life, 163 et seq.

Germain, Lord George, 12, 17, 18; introduces Thompson to Sir. H. Clinton, 19; praises Thompson to General Leslie, 21

Gibbon, his account of Rumford, 27

Gilray, caricature of Rumford and Royal Institution, 78

Guizot, M., his éloge on Madame de Rumford, 101

Harris, Mr., first librarian, 213

Hatchett, Mr., 154, 159, 204, 213

Heat, on the source of, 49; motion, 51

Hippesley, Sir John, 146, 148, 152, 156, 180

Howe, General, 10, 11, 13

Huntingdon, barracks at Long Island, 25

Industry, House of, at Munich, 33

Institution, London, the, 274, 275

Institution, Royal, the, germ of, 44; Proposals, 66; caricature of, 78; foundation, 114; objects, 121; funds, 125; privileges of proprietors, 126; subscribers, 128; government, 129; managers, 130; visitors, 132; first meeting of proprietors, 134; first meeting of managers, 136; charter, 138; new prospectus, 147; new theatre, 148; abstract of the accounts, 180; report of, in 1801, 181; Davy appointed assistant lecturer at, 181; lecturer, 186; Young appointed Professor of Natural Philosophy at, 188; report on in 1802, 195; Rumford’s last report on, 197; committee on the state of, 201; the first report of the committee on, 203; description of by Young, 206; progress of, 258 et seq.; compared with the London Institution, 275; difficulties of, 281; value of the property, 282; described by Davy, 280, 292 et seq.; income and expenditure of, from the commencement to 1814, 425

Jenner, Dr., 303

Journal of the Royal Institution, 153, 155, 181, 187, 188, 197, 210

King Rufus, 63, 66

Kitchens, 151

Laboratory, 152, 155, 159, 160, 204, 269

Landseer, Mr., 272, 273

Lavoisier, Madame, 83, 88, 92, 97, 101, 113, 189

Lawrence, Mr., 277, 303

Lectures, first, at the Institution, 167, 170; of Davy and Young, 191; of Dalton, 219

Leslie, General, 21, 23

Library, foundation of, 204, 212

Light, experiments on, 40

Long Island, 25

Magneto-electricity, discovery of, 279

Marion, General, defeated by Thompson, 22

Master of the Workshops, 181

Mechanics’ School, 142, 162

Mellish, his house bought, 138

Military Academy, Munich, 36

Mineralogical collection, 266, 267, 268, 270

Model room, 155

Motion heat, 51

Munich, 28, 31, 34, 39, 50, 59, 82, 99, 113

Napoleon, First Consul, description of, 73, 79

National Institute, 75

Nova Scotia, 25, 26

Parliament, Act of, 288, 291

Payne, William, 281, 305, 306

Pictet, Professor, his account of Rumford, 27, 145

Printing press, 153, 189, 260

Proposals for founding the Royal Institution, 114, 121

Proprietors, 271, 273, 285, 287, 296, 303

Pupils in the laboratory, 269

Resignation of Dr. Garnett, 177

Report on the Institution, 181

Repository, 152

Rolfe, Mrs. Colonel, the first wife of Rumford, 4

Rumford, Benjamin Thompson, Count, 1; his education, 2; his first note-book, 3; his first marriage, 4; major of militia, 5; persecuted as Royalist, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10; leaves his wife, child, and country, 11; made Secretary of Georgia, 13; volunteer in British fleet, 14; Fellow of the Royal Society, 15; Under Secretary of State, 17; Deputy Inspector General of Provincial Forces, 17; Lieut.-Colonel of King’s American Dragoons, 19; embarks for New York, 20; arrives in Carolina, 21; commands the cavalry there, 21; his action on the Santee river, 22; mentioned in the general orders by General Leslie, 23; arrives at New York, 24; consulted by Sir H. Clinton, 24; commands at Huntingdon, Long Island, 25; volunteers to serve in West Indies, 26; returns to London, 26; leaves England for the Austrian service, 27; meets the nephew of the Elector of Bavaria, 28; goes to Munich, 28; knighted and enters Bavarian service, 28; aide-de-camp and colonel in Bavaria, 29; his reforms in Bavaria, 30-37; experiments on conduction of heat, 38; experiments on light, 40; his honours, 41; his essays, 43, 49; on Heat, 50; his medals in America, 53; in England, 54; awarded the first Rumford medal, 54; his work and honours in Ireland, 55; his picture by his daughter, 57; saves Munich, 59; Minister Plenipotentiary and Envoy Extraordinary to England, 61; not received, 62; invited to America, 64; founds the Royal Institution, 69; revisits Munich, 71; first visits Paris, 73; leaves England, 77; returns to Munich, 81; his engagement to Madame Lavoisier, 87; his marriage, 90; further scientific researches, 93; his wretched married life, 94; goes to Auteuil, 96; his separation, 97; returns to Munich, 99; further researches, 104; visited by Davy, 105; his life at Auteuil, 106; his death, 109; his will, 112; his bequest to Harvard College, 112; to Davy, 113; founds the Royal Institution, 114 et seq.; his last report on the Institution, 197; causes of his departure from England, 200; state of the funds when he left the Institution, 201; original documents regarding his service in the American war, 405 et seq.

Savage, Mr., 155, 189

Simonds, Miss, Rumford’s mother, 1

Smith, Sir James, 259

Smith, Sydney, 260, 264, 265, 272, 273, 277

Society for bettering the condition of the poor, 46, 118, 138, 147

Subscribers to lectures only, 193; ladies recommending subscribers, 209

Subscription for Dr. Garnett’s children, 179

Tanning, Davy to lecture on, 186, 190

Theatre of Institution, 149, 152

Thompson, Benjamin, Ebenezer and James, ancestors of Count Rumford, 1

Underwood, Mr., 105

Ventilation, 273

Verona, hospitals at, 42

Volta, experiments on animal electricity, 43, 73, 74, 84, 156, 278

Walker, Rev. T., the father-in-law of Rumford, 3, 7

Webster, Mr., 138, 141, 148, 172, 185, 193, 195

Wentworth, Governor, 4

Winchelsea, Earl of, first president, 141

Woburn, Massachusetts, the birthplace of Rumford, 1, 8

Wollaston, Dr., 300, 303

Workhouse at Munich, 31

Workshops at the Institution, 198

Young, Dr. Thomas, 112; made Professor, 188; his lectures, 191, 205, 240, 244; his preface to the second volume of the Journal of the Institution, 206, 246; his reply to the ‘Edinburgh Review,’ 211; his early history, 223 et seq.; made F.R.S., 225; at Edinburgh, 226; ceased to be a Quaker, 227; his Highland tour, 228; at Göttingen, 229; at Cambridge, 232; his discoveries on light, 235; reviewed by Lord Brougham, 236; his reply, 237; professor at the Royal Institution, 238; his editing of the Journals, 239; his introductory lecture on the objects of the Institution, 242; foreign secretary of the Royal Society, 246; leaves the Royal Institution, 246; elected a life subscriber, 246; published his lectures on Natural Philosophy, 247; physician of St. George’s Hospital, 248; began his hieroglyphical researches, 249; his articles in the ‘Encyclopædia Britannica,’ 250; his article on Egypt, 250; superintendent of the ‘Nautical Almanac,’ 250; comparison of Young and Fresnel, 251; his interviews with Champollion, 253; abuse for the ‘Nautical Almanac,’ 254; his death, 255; his character drawn by Sir H. Davy, 256; by Davies Gilbert, 257; his answer to Rumford when offered the professorship at Royal Institution, 417; his invention of a micrometer, 419 et seq.

LONDON: PRINTED BY SPOTTISWOODE AND CO., NEW-STREET SQUARE AND PARLIAMENT STREET

GENERAL LIST OF WORKS PUBLISHED BY MESSRS. LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO. PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON.

History, Politics, Historical Memoirs, &c.

=The HISTORY of ENGLAND= from the Fall of Wolsey to the Defeat of the Spanish Armada. By JAMES ANTHONY FROUDE, M.A. late Fellow of Exeter College, Oxford.

LIBRARY EDITION, 12 vols. 8vo. price £8 18s. CABINET EDITION, in 12 vols. crown 8vo. price 72s.

=The HISTORY of ENGLAND= from the Accession of James II. By Lord MACAULAY.

STUDENT’S EDITION, 2 vols. crown 8vo. 12s. PEOPLE’S EDITION, 4 vols. crown 8vo. 16s. CABINET EDITION, 8 vols. post 8vo. 48s. LIBRARY EDITION, 5 vols. 8vo. £4.

=LORD MACAULAY’S WORKS.= Complete and Uniform Library Edition. Edited by his Sister, Lady TREVELYAN. 8 vols. 8vo. with Portrait, price £5 5s. cloth, or £8 8s. bound in tree-calf by Rivière.

=VARIETIES of VICE-REGAL LIFE.= By Sir WILLIAM DENISON, K.C.B. late Governor-General of the Australian Colonies, and Governor of Madras. With Two Maps. 2 vols. 8vo. 28s.

=On PARLIAMENTARY GOVERNMENT in ENGLAND=: Its Origin, Development, and Practical Operation. By ALPHEUS TODD, Librarian of the Legislative Assembly of Canada. 2 vols. 8vo. price £1 17s.

=A HISTORICAL ACCOUNT of the NEUTRALITY of GREAT BRITAIN DURING the AMERICAN CIVIL WAR.= By MOUNTAGUE BERNARD, M.A. Chichele Professor of International Law and Diplomacy in the University of Oxford. Royal 8vo. 16s.

=The CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY of ENGLAND=, since the Accession of George III. 1760-1860. By Sir THOMAS ERSKINE MAY, C.B. Second Edition. Cabinet Edition, thoroughly revised. 3 vols. crown 8vo. price 18s.

=The HISTORY of ENGLAND=, from the Earliest Times to the Year 1865. By C. D. YONGE, Regius Professor of Modern History in Queen’s College, Belfast. New Edition. Crown 8vo. price 7s. 6d.

=The OXFORD REFORMERS=--John Colet, Erasmus, and Thomas More; being a History of their Fellow-work. By FREDERIC SEEBOHM. Second Edition, enlarged. 8vo. 14s.

=LECTURES on the HISTORY of ENGLAND=, from the earliest Times to the Death of King Edward II. By WILLIAM LONGMAN. With Maps and Illustrations. 8vo. 15s.

=The HISTORY of the LIFE and TIMES of EDWARD the THIRD.= By WILLIAM LONGMAN. With 9 Maps, 8 Plates, and 16 Woodcuts. 2 vols. 8vo. 28s.

=The OVERTHROW of the GERMANIC CONFEDERATION by PRUSSIA in 1866.= By SIR ALEXANDER MALET, Bart. K.C.B. With 5 Maps. 8vo. 18s.

=The MILITARY RESOURCES of PRUSSIA and FRANCE, and RECENT CHANGES in the ART of WAR.= By Lieut.-Col. CHESNEY, R.E. and HENRY REEVE, D.C.L. Crown 8vo. price 7s. 6d.

=WATERLOO LECTURES=; a Study of the Campaign of 1815. By Colonel CHARLES C. CHESNEY, R.E. late Professor of Military Art and History in the Staff College. New Edition. 8vo. with Map, 10s. 6d.

=DEMOCRACY in AMERICA.= By ALEXIS DE TOCQUEVILLE. Translated by HENRY REEVE. 2 vols. 8vo. 21s.

=HISTORY of the REFORMATION in EUROPE= in the Time of Calvin. By J. H. MERLE D’AUBIGNÉ, D.D. VOLS. I. and II. 8vo. 28s. VOL. III. 12s. VOL. IV. 16s. VOL. V. price 16s.

=CHAPTERS from FRENCH HISTORY=; St. Louis, Joan of Arc, Henri IV. with Sketches of the Intermediate Periods. By J. H. GURNEY, M.A. New Edition. Fcp. 8vo. 6s. 6d.

=MEMOIR of POPE SIXTUS the FIFTH.= By BARON HUBNER. Translated from the Original in French, with the Author’s sanction, by HUBERT E. H. JERNINGHAM. 2 vols. 8vo. [In preparation.

=IGNATIUS LOYOLA and the EARLY JESUITS.= By STEWART ROSE. New Edition, revised. 8vo. with Portrait, price 16s.

=The HISTORY of GREECE.= By C. THIRLWALL, D.D. Lord Bishop of St. David’s. 8 vols. fcp. 8vo. price 28s.

=GREEK HISTORY= from Themistocles to Alexander, in a Series of Lives from Plutarch. Revised and arranged by A. H. CLOUGH. New Edition. Fcp. with 44 Woodcuts, 6s.

=CRITICAL HISTORY of the LANGUAGE and LITERATURE= of Ancient Greece. By WILLIAM MURE, of Caldwell. 5 vols. 8vo. £3 9s.

=The TALE of the GREAT PERSIAN WAR=, from the Histories of Herodotus. By GEORGE W. COX, M.A. New Edition. Fcp. 3s. 6d.

=HISTORY of the LITERATURE of ANCIENT GREECE.= By Professor K. O. MÜLLER. Translated by the Right Hon. Sir GEORGE CORNEWALL LEWIS, Bart. and by J. W. DONALDSON, D.D. 3 vols. 8vo. 21s.

=HISTORY of the CITY of ROME= from its Foundation to the Sixteenth Century of the Christian Era. By THOMAS H. DYER, LL.D. 8vo. with 2 Maps, 15s.

=The HISTORY of ROME.= By WILLIAM IHNE. English Edition, translated and revised by the Author. VOLS. I. and II. 8vo. price 30s.

=HISTORY of the ROMANS under the EMPIRE.= By the Very Rev. C. MERIVALE, D.C.L. Dean of Ely. 8 vols. post 8vo. 48s.

=The FALL of the ROMAN REPUBLIC=; a Short History of the Last Century of the Commonwealth. By the same Author. 12mo. 7s. 6d.

=A STUDENT’S MANUAL of the HISTORY of INDIA=, from the Earliest Period to the Present. By Colonel MEADOWS TAYLOR, M.R.A.S. M.R.I.A. Crown 8vo. with Maps, 7s. 6d.

=The HISTORY of INDIA=, from the Earliest Period to the close of Lord Dalhousie’s Administration. By JOHN CLARK MARSHMAN. 3 vols. crown 8vo. 22s. 6d.

=INDIAN POLITY=: a View of the System of Administration in India. By Lieutenant-Colonel GEORGE CHESNEY, Fellow of the University of Calcutta. New Edition, revised; with Map. 8vo. price 21s.

=HOME POLITICS=; being a consideration of the Causes of the Growth of Trade in relation to Labour, Pauperism, and Emigration. By DANIEL GRANT. 8vo. 7s.

=REALITIES of IRISH LIFE.= By W. STEUART TRENCH, Land Agent in Ireland to the Marquess of Lansdowne, the Marquess of Bath, and Lord Digby. Fifth Edition. Crown 8vo. price 6s.

=The STUDENT’S MANUAL of the HISTORY of IRELAND.= By MARY F. CUSACK, Author of ‘The Illustrated History of Ireland, from the Earliest Period to the Year of Catholic Emancipation.’ Crown 8vo. price 6s.

=CRITICAL and HISTORICAL ESSAYS= contributed to the Edinburgh Review. By the Right Hon. LORD MACAULAY.

CABINET EDITION, 4 vols. post 8vo. 24s. PEOPLE’S EDITION, 2 vols. crown 8vo. 8s. LIBRARY EDITION, 3 vols. 8vo. 36s. STUDENT’S EDITION, 1 vol. cr. 8vo. 6s.

=SAINT-SIMON and SAINT-SIMONISM=; a chapter in the History of Socialism in France. By ARTHUR J. BOOTH, M.A. Crown 8vo. price 7s. 6d.

=HISTORY of EUROPEAN MORALS=, from Augustus to Charlemagne. By W. E. H. LECKY, M.A. Second Edition. 2 vols. 8vo. price 28s.

=HISTORY of the RISE and INFLUENCE of the SPIRIT of RATIONALISM in EUROPE.= By W. E. H. LECKY, M.A. Cabinet Edition, being the Fourth. 2 vols. crown 8vo. price 16s.

=GOD in HISTORY=; or, the Progress of Man’s Faith in the Moral Order of the World. By Baron BUNSEN. Translated by SUSANNA WINKWORTH; with a Preface by Dean STANLEY. 3 vols. 8vo. price 42s.

=The HISTORY of PHILOSOPHY=, from Thales to Comte. By GEORGE HENRY LEWES. Fourth Edition. 2 vols. 8vo. 32s.

=An HISTORICAL VIEW of LITERATURE and ART in GREAT BRITAIN= from the Accession of the House of Hanover to the Reign of Queen Victoria. By J. MURRAY GRAHAM, M.A. 8vo. price 14s.

=The MYTHOLOGY of the ARYAN NATIONS.= By GEORGE W. COX, M.A. late Scholar of Trinity College, Oxford, Joint-Editor, with the late Professor Brande, of the Fourth Edition of ‘The Dictionary of Science, Literature, and Art,’ Author of ‘Tales of Ancient Greece,’ &c. 2 vols. 8vo. 28s.

=HISTORY of CIVILISATION= in England and France, Spain and Scotland. By HENRY THOMAS BUCKLE. New Edition of the entire Work with a complete INDEX. 3 vols. crown 8vo. 24s.

=HISTORY of the CHRISTIAN CHURCH=, from the Ascension of Christ to the Conversion of Constantine. By E. BURTON, D.D. late Prof. of Divinity in the Univ. of Oxford. New Edition. Fcp. 3s. 6d.

=SKETCH of the HISTORY of the CHURCH of ENGLAND= to the Revolution of 1688. By the Right Rev. T. V. SHORT, D.D. Lord Bishop of St. Asaph. Eighth Edition. Crown 8vo. 7s. 6d.

=HISTORY of the EARLY CHURCH=, from the First Preaching of the Gospel to the Council of Nicæa. A.D. 325. By ELIZABETH M. SEWELL, Author of ‘Amy Herbert.’ New Edition, with Questions. Fcp. 4s. 6d.

=The ENGLISH REFORMATION.= By F. C. MASSINGBEED, M.A. Chancellor of Lincoln and Rector of South Ormsby. Fourth Edition, revised. Fcp. 8vo. 7s. 6d.

=MAUNDER’S HISTORICAL TREASURY=; comprising a General Introductory Outline of Universal History, and a series of Separate Histories. Latest Edition, revised and brought down to the Present Time by the Rev. GEORGE WILLIAM COX, M.A. Fcp. 6s. cloth, or 9s. 6d. calf.

=HISTORICAL and CHRONOLOGICAL ENCYCLOPÆDIA=; comprising Chronological Notices of all the Great Events of Universal History: Treaties, Alliances, Wars, Battles, &c.; Incidents in the Lives of Eminent Men and their Works, Scientific and Geographical Discoveries, Mechanical Inventions, and Social, Domestic, and Economical Improvements. By B. B. WOODWARD, B.A. and W. L. R. CATES. 1 vol. 8vo. [In the press.

Biographical Works.

=A MEMOIR of DANIEL MACLISE, R.A.= By W. JUSTIN O’DRISCOLL, M.R.I.A. Barrister-at-Law. With Portrait and Woodcuts. Post 8vo. price 7s. 6d.

=MEMOIRS of the MARQUIS of POMBAL=; with Extracts from his Writings and from Despatches in the State Papers Office. By the CONDE DA CARNOTA. New Edition. 8vo. price 7s.

=REMINISCENCES of FIFTY YEARS.= By MARK BOYD. Post 8vo. price 10s. 6d.

=The LIFE of ISAMBARD KINGDOM BRUNEL=, Civil Engineer. By ISAMBARD BRUNEL, B.C.L. of Lincoln’s Inn; Chancellor of the Diocese of Ely. With Portrait, Plates, and Woodcuts. 8vo. 21s.

=The LIFE and LETTERS of FARADAY.= By Dr. BENCE JONES, Secretary of the Royal Institution. Second Edition, thoroughly revised. 2 vols. 8vo. with Portrait, and Eight Engravings on Wood, price 28s.

=FARADAY as a DISCOVERER.= By JOHN TYNDALL, LL.D. F.R.S. Professor of Natural Philosophy in the Royal Institution. New and Cheaper Edition, with Two Portraits. Fcp. 8vo. 3s. 6d.

=The LIFE and LETTERS of the Rev. SYDNEY SMITH.= Edited by his Daughter, Lady HOLLAND, and Mrs. AUSTIN. New Edition, complete in One Volume. Crown 8vo. price 6s.

=SOME MEMORIALS of R. D. HAMPDEN=, Bishop of Hereford. Edited by his Daughter, HENRIETTA HAMPDEN. With Portrait. 8vo. price 12s.

=The LIFE and TRAVELS of GEORGE WHITEFIELD, M.A.= By JAMES PATERSON GLEDSTONE. 8vo. price 14s.

=LIVES of the LORD CHANCELLORS and KEEPERS of the GREAT SEAL of IRELAND=, from the Earliest Times to the Reign of Queen Victoria. By J. R. O’FLANAGAN, M.R.I.A. Barrister-at-Law. 2 vols. 8vo. 36s.

=DICTIONARY of GENERAL BIOGRAPHY=; containing Concise Memoirs and Notices of the most Eminent Persons of all Countries, from the Earliest Ages to the Present Time. Edited by W. L. R. CATES. 8vo. 21s.

=LIVES of the QUEENS of ENGLAND.= By AGNES STRICKLAND. Library Edition, newly revised; with Portraits of every Queen, Autographs, and Vignettes. 8 vols. post 8vo. 7s. 6d. each.

=LIFE of the DUKE of WELLINGTON.= By the Rev. G. R. GLEIG, M.A. Popular Edition, carefully revised; with copious Additions. Crown 8vo. with Portrait, 5s.

=HISTORY of MY RELIGIOUS OPINIONS.= By J. H. NEWMAN, D.D. Being the Substance of Apologia pro Vitâ Suâ. Post 8vo. 6s.

=The PONTIFICATE of PIUS the NINTH=; being the Third Edition of ‘Rome and its Ruler,’ continued to the latest moment and greatly enlarged. By J. F. MAGUIRE, M.P. Post 8vo. with Portrait, 12s. 6d.

=FATHER MATHEW: a Biography.= By JOHN FRANCIS MAGUIRE, M.P. for Cork. Popular Edition, with Portrait. Crown 8vo. 3s. 6d.

=FELIX MENDELSSOHN’S LETTERS= from Italy and Switzerland, and Letters from 1833 to 1847, translated by Lady WALLACE. New Edition, with Portrait. 2 vols. crown 8vo. 5s. each.

=MEMOIRS of SIR HENRY HAVELOCK, K.C.B.= By JOHN CLARK MARSHMAN. Cabinet Edition, with Portrait. Crown 8vo. price 3s. 6d.

=VICISSITUDES of FAMILIES.= By Sir J. BERNARD BURKE, C.B. Ulster King of Arms. New Edition, remodelled and enlarged. 2 vols. crown 8vo. 21s.

=ESSAYS in ECCLESIASTICAL BIOGRAPHY.= By the Right Hon. Sir J. STEPHEN, LL.D. Cabinet Edition, being the Fifth. Crown 8vo. 7s. 6d.

=MAUNDER’S BIOGRAPHICAL TREASURY.= Thirteenth Edition, reconstructed, thoroughly revised, and in great part rewritten; with about 1,000 additional Memoirs and Notices, by W. L. R. CATES. Fcp. 6s.

=LETTERS and LIFE of FRANCIS BACON=, including all his Occasional Works. Collected and edited, with a Commentary, by J. SPEDDING, Trin. Coll. Cantab. VOLS. I. and II. 8vo. 24s. VOLS. III. and IV. 24s. VOL. V. price 12s.

Criticism, Philosophy, Polity, &c.

=The INSTITUTES of JUSTINIAN=; with English Introduction, Translation, and Notes. By T. C. SANDARS, M.A. Barrister, late Fellow of Oriel Coll. Oxon. New Edition. 8vo. 15s.

=SOCRATES and the SOCRATIC SCHOOLS.= Translated from the German of Dr. E. ZELLER, with the Author’s approval, by the Rev. OSWALD J. REICHEL, B.C.L. and M.A. Crown 8vo. 8s. 6d.

=The STOICS, EPICUREANS, and SCEPTICS.= Translated from the German of Dr. E. ZELLER, with the Author’s approval, by OSWALD J. REICHEL, B.C.L. and M.A. Crown 8vo. price 14s.

=The ETHICS of ARISTOTLE=, illustrated with Essays and Notes. By Sir A. GRANT, Bart. M.A. LL.D. Second Edition, revised and completed. 2 vols. 8vo. price 28s.

=The NICOMACHEAN ETHICS of ARISTOTLE= newly translated into English. By R. WILLIAMS, B.A. Fellow and late Lecturer of Merton College, and sometime Student of Christ Church, Oxford. 8vo. 12s.

=ELEMENTS of LOGIC.= By R. WHATELY, D.D. late Archbishop of Dublin. New Edition. 8vo. 10s. 6d. crown 8vo. 4s. 6d.

=Elements of Rhetoric.= By the same Author. New Edition. 8vo. 10s. 6d. crown 8vo. 4s. 6d.

=English Synonymes.= By E. JANE WHATELY. Edited by Archbishop WHATELY. 5th Edition. Fcp. 3s.

=BACON’S ESSAYS with ANNOTATIONS.= By R. WHATELY, D.D. late Archbishop of Dublin. Sixth Edition. 8vo. 10s. 6d.

=LORD BACON’S WORKS=, collected and edited by J. SPEDDING, M.A. R. L. ELLIS, M.A. and D. D. HEATH. New and Cheaper Edition. 7 vols. 8vo. price £3 13s. 6d.

=The SUBJECTION of WOMEN.= By JOHN STUART MILL. New Edition. Post 8vo. 5s.

=On REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT.= By JOHN STUART MILL. Third Edition. 8vo. 9s. Crown 8vo. 2s.

=On LIBERTY.= By JOHN STUART MILL. Fourth Edition. Post 8vo. 7s. 6d. Crown 8vo. 1s. 4d.

=PRINCIPLES of POLITICAL ECONOMY.= By the same Author. Eighth Edition. 2 vols. 8vo. 30s. Or in 1 vol. crown 8vo. 5s.

=A SYSTEM of LOGIC, RATIOCINATIVE and INDUCTIVE.= By the same Author. Seventh Edition. Two vols. 8vo. 25s.

=ANALYSIS of Mr. MILL’S SYSTEM of LOGIC.= By W. STEBBING, M.A. Fellow of Worcester College, Oxford. New Edition. 12mo. 3s. 6d.

=UTILITARIANISM.= By JOHN STUART MILL. Fourth Edition. 8vo. 5s.

=DISSERTATIONS and DISCUSSIONS, POLITICAL, PHILOSOPHICAL, and HISTORICAL.= By JOHN STUART MILL. Second Edition, revised. 3 vols. 8vo. 36s.

=EXAMINATION of Sir W. HAMILTON’S PHILOSOPHY=, and of the Principal Philosophical Questions discussed in his Writings. By JOHN STUART MILL. Third Edition. 8vo. 16s.

=An OUTLINE of the NECESSARY LAWS of THOUGHT=: a Treatise on Pure and Applied Logic. By the Most Rev. WILLIAM, Lord Archbishop of York, D.D. F.R.S. Ninth Thousand. Crown 8vo. 5s. 6d.

=The ELEMENTS of POLITICAL ECONOMY.= By HENRY DUNNING MACLEOD, M.A. Barrister-at-Law. 8vo. 16s.

=A Dictionary of Political Economy=; Biographical, Bibliographical, Historical, and Practical. By the same Author. VOL. I. royal 8vo. 30s.

=The ELECTION of REPRESENTATIVES=, Parliamentary and Municipal; a Treatise. By THOMAS HARE, Barrister-at-Law. Third Edition, with Additions. Crown 8vo. 6s.

=SPEECHES of the RIGHT HON. LORD MACAULAY=, corrected by Himself. People’s Edition, crown 8vo. 3s. 6d.

=Lord Macaulay’s Speeches on Parliamentary Reform= in 1831 and 1832. 16mo. 1s.

=INAUGURAL ADDRESS= delivered to the University of St. Andrews. By JOHN STUART MILL. 8vo. 5s. People’s Edition, crown 8vo. 1s.

=A DICTIONARY of the ENGLISH LANGUAGE.= By R. G. LATHAM, M.A. M.D. F.R.S. Founded on the Dictionary of Dr. SAMUEL JOHNSON, as edited by the Rev. H. J. TODD, with numerous Emendations and Additions. In Four Volumes, 4to. price £7.

=THESAURUS of ENGLISH WORDS and PHRASES=, classified and arranged so as to facilitate the Expression of Ideas, and assist in Literary Composition. By P. M. ROGET, M.D. New Edition. Crown 8vo. 10s. 6d.

=LECTURES on the SCIENCE of LANGUAGE.= By F. MAX MÜLLER, M.A. &c. Foreign Member of the French Institute. Sixth Edition. 2 vols. crown 8vo. price 16s.

=CHAPTERS on LANGUAGE.= By FREDERIC W. FARRAR, F.R.S. Head Master of Marlborough College. Crown 8vo. 8s. 6d.

=The DEBATER=; a Series of Complete Debates, Outlines of Debates, and Questions for Discussion. By F. ROWTON. Fcp. 6s.

=MANUAL of ENGLISH LITERATURE=, Historical and Critical. By THOMAS ARNOLD, M.A. Second Edition. Crown 8vo. price 7s. 6d.

=SOUTHEY’S DOCTOR=, complete in One Volume. Edited by the Rev. J. W. WARTER, B.D. Square crown 8vo. 12s. 6d.

=HISTORICAL and CRITICAL COMMENTARY on the OLD TESTAMENT=; with a New Translation. By M. M. KALISCH, Ph.D. VOL. I. Genesis, 8vo. 18s. or adapted for the General Reader, 12s. VOL. II. Exodus, 15s. or adapted for the General Reader, 12s. VOL. III. Leviticus,