Chapter III.. Robert Campeneys.

Robert Campeneys.

Champness, Champneys.

Old Fr. champeneis (champenois), of Champagne (Chapter XI).

John del Pek.

Peck, Peaks, Pike, Pick.

A name taken from a hill-top, but sometimes referring to the unrelated Derbyshire Peak.

Richard Dygun.

Dickens.

A diminutive of Dig, for Dick (Chapter VI).

Peter le Hoder.

Hodder.

A maker of hods or a maker of hoods? The latter is more likely.

Alan Allutarius.

Whittier.

Lat. alutarius, a "white-tawer", Similarly, Mid. Eng. stan-heawere, stone-hewer, is contracted to Stanier, now almost swallowed up by Stainer. The simple tawer is also one origin of the name Tower.

Peter le Rus.

Russ, Rush, Rouse.

Fr. roux, of red complexion. Cf. the dim. Russell, Fr. Rousseau (Chapter XXII).

MIDDLESEX JURYMEN

Hundred Rolls

Modern Form

Roger de la Hale.

Hall, Hale, Hales.

One of our commonest local surnames. But it has two interpretations, from hall and from heal (Chapter XII).

Walter de la Hedge.

Hedge, Hedges.

Other names of similar meaning are Hay, Hayes, Haig, Haigh, Hawes (Chapter XIII)

John Rex

King.

One of our commonest nicknames, the survival of which is easily understood (Chapter XV).

Stephen de la Novels Meyson.

Newhouse.

Cf. also Newbigging, from Mid. Eng. biggen, to 'build (Chapter XIII).

Randolf Pokoc.

Pocock, Peacock.

The simple Poe, Lat. pavo, has the same meaning (Chapter XXIII).

William de Fonte.

Spring, Wells, Fountain, Attewell.

This is the most usual origin of the name Spring (Chapter IX).

Robert del Parer

Perrier

Old Fr. perier (poirier), pear-tree. Another origin of Perrier is, through French, from Lat. petrarius, a stone-hewer.

Adam de la Denne.

Denne, Dean, Done.

A Mid. English name for valley (Chapter XII).

Hundred Rolls

Modern Form

Robertus filius Gillelmi.

Wilson.

For other possible names to be derived from a father named William, see Chapter VI.

William filius Radolfi.

Rawson.

A very common medieval name, Anglo-Sax. Raedwulf, the origin of our Ralph, Relf, Rolfe, Roff, and of Fr. Raoul. Some of its derivatives, e.g. Rolls, have got mixed with those of Roland. To be distinguished from Randolf or Randall, of which the shorter form is Ran or Rand, whence Rankin, Rands, Rance, etc.

STEEPLE CLAYDON COTTAGERS

Hundred Rolls

Modern Form

Andrew Colle

Collins, Colley

For Nicolas (Chapter V).

William Neuman

Newman, Newcomb.

A man recently settled in the village (Chapter XII).

Adam ate Dene

Dean, Denne, Adeane.

The separate at survives in A'Court and A'Beckett, at the beck head; cf. Allan a' Dale (Chapter XII).

Ralph Mydevynter.

Midwinter.

An old name for Christmas (Chapter IX).

William ate Hull.

Athill, Hill, Hull.

The form hul for hil occurs in Mid. English (Chapter XII).

Hundred Rolls

Modern Form

Gilbert Sutor.

Sutor, Soutar.

On the poor representation of the shoemaker see Chapter XV.

Walter Maraud.

It is easy to understand the disappearance of this name--

"A rogue, beggar, vagabond; a varlet, rascall, scoundrell, base knave" (Cotgrave); but it may be represented by Marratt, Marrott, unless these are from Mary (Chapter X).

Nicholas le P.ker.

This may be expanded into Parker, a park-keeper, Packer, a wool-packer, or the medieval Porker, a swine-herd, now lost in Parker.

John Stegand

Stigand, Stiggins.

Anglo-Saxon names survived chiefly among the peasantry (Chapter I).

Roger Mercator.

Marchant, Chapman.

The restored modern spelling merchant has affected the pronunciation of the common noun (Chapter III). The more usual term Chapman is cognate with cheap, chaffer, Chipping, Copenhagen, Ger. kaufen, to buy, etc.

Adam Hoppe.

Hobbs, Hobson, Hopkins.

An example of the interchange of b and P (Chapter III). Hob is usually regarded as one of the rimed forms from Robert (Chapter VI).

Roger Crom.

Crum, Crump.

Lit. crooked, cognate with Ger. krumm. The final -p of Crump is excrescent (Chapter III).

Stephen Cornevaleis

Cornwallis, Cornish.

A name which would begin in Devonshire (Chapter XI).

Hundred Rolls

Modern Form

Walter de Ibernia

Ireland

A much more common name than Scotland, which has been squeezed out by Scott (Chapter XI).

Matilda filia Matildae

Mawson (for Maud-son), Till, Tilley, Tillett, Tillotson, etc.

One of the favourite girl-names during the surname period (Chapter X).

Ralph Vouler.

Fowler

A West-country pronunciation; cf. Vowle for Fowell, Vokes for Foakes (Chapter VI), Venn for Fenn, etc.

John filius Thomae.

Thompson, Tompkins, Tomlin, etc.

One of the largest surname families. It includes Toulmin, a metathesis of Tomlin. In Townson and Tonson it coalesces with Tony, Anthony.

Henry Bolle.

Bull.

In this case evidently a nickname (Chapter I).

Roger Gyle.

Gill.

For names in Gil- see Chapter VI. The form in the roll may, however, represent an uncomplimentary nickname, "guile."

Walter Molendarius.

Miller, Mellen, Milner.

In Milne, Milner, we have the oldest form, representing Vulgar Lat. molina, mill cf. Kilner, from kiln, Lat. culina, kitchen. Millard (Chapter XIX) is perhaps sometimes the same name with excrescent -d.

Thomas Berker.

Barker.

A man who stripped bark, also a tanner. But as a surname reinforced by the Norman form of Fr. berger, a shepherd (Chapter XV).

Hundred Rolls

Modern Form

Matthew Hedde.

Head.

Sometimes local, at the head, but here a nickname; cf. Tate, Tail, sometimes from Fr. tete (Chapter XIII).

Richard Joyet.

Jowett, Jewett.

A diminutive either of Joy or of Julian, Juliana. But it is possible that Joy itself is not the abstract noun, but a shortened form of Julian.

Adam Kyg.

Ketch, Beach

An obsolete adjective meaning lively (Chapter XXII).

Simon filius Johannis Nigelli.

Johnson, Jones, Jennings, etc.

The derivatives of John are numerous and not to be distinguished from those of Joan, Jane (Chapter X).

The above lists illustrate all the simpler ways in which surnames could be formed. At the time of compilation they were not hereditary. Thus the last man on the list is Simon Johnson, but his father was John Neilson, or Nelson (Chapter X), and his son would be ---- Simpson, Sims, etc. This would go on until, at a period varying with the locality, the wealth and importance of the individual, one name in the line would become accidentally petrified and persist to the present day. The chain could, of course, be broken at any time by the assumption of a name from one of the other three classes (Chapter I).