Section 4, Article Iv, of the Constitution, 298;

no justification for the invasion of a State, 298; a palpable violation of the Constitution, 298; his effort to justify himself before the world for attacking us, 322; expresses his approbation at the burning of Harper's Ferry, 329; his explanation of his policy, 329; letter relative to the passage of troops through Baltimore, 332; reply to the letter of the Governor of Kentucky, 388; calls on the Governors of States for troops, 412; their answers, 412.

Louisiana Territory, its purchase one of the earliest occasions for the manifestation of sectional jealousy, 12; withdraws from the Union, 220.

Loring, General, commands at Valley Mountain, Virginia, 434.

Lyons, General, begins hostilities in Missouri, 415; announces the intention of the Administration to reduce Missouri to the exact condition of Maryland, 423; killed at Springfield, 429; disposal of his body, 430.

Madison, James, asks on what principle the old Confederation can be superseded, 100; his answer, 100; says the parties to the Constitution are the people as composing thirteen sovereignties, 122; views on the nature of the ratification of the Constitution, 133; his use of the word "compact" as applied to the Constitution, 138; his use of the word "sovereignties" as applied to the States, 144; on the supremacy of the Constitution, 150; his interpretation of the fundamental principles of the Constitution, 164; his argument to show that the great principles of the Constitution are an expansion of the principles in the Articles of Confederation, 171; his view of "one people," 174; on the coercion of a State, 177; on the danger to the perpetuity of the Union, 185.

Magoffin, B., Governor of Kentucky, 287; letter to President Lincoln, 287; letter to President Davis, 389; reply to Mr. Lincoln's call for troops, 412.

Magruder, General, commands the force on the Peninsula, 340.

Mallory, S. B., Secretary of State under Provisional Constitution, 242; Secretary of Confederate Navy, 314; his experience, 314.

Manassas, first battle at, 348; appearance of the field, 348; condition of our forces afterward, 356; evidences of the rout of the enemy, 356; cost of the victory, 356; dispersion of our troops after the battle, 357; reasons why it was an extraordinary victory, 358; nature of the field, 358; the line of the retreating foe followed, 359; articles abandoned, 359; the spoils gathered, 360; strength of the two armies, 371; amount of field transportation, 383; dissatisfaction that followed the victory, 442; unjust criticisms, 442; their effect on the Government, 442.

Manufacturing industry, more extensive than ever, 505.

Marshall, John, on the powers of the States, 165; on the power of the Federal judiciary, 166.

Martin, Luther, his use of the word "compact" as applied to the Constitution, 138.

Maryland, instructions to her delegates to the Constitutional Convention, 92; her ratification of the Federal Constitution, 108; refused to be bound by the Articles of Confederation, 126; first to be invaded, 330; warning to all the slaveholding States, 330; views of Governor Hicks, 330; a commissioner from Mississippi, 330; declarations of Governor Hicks, 331; Baltimore resists the passage of troops, 332; efforts of the police and Governor, 332; letter of President Lincoln, 332; visit of the Mayor of Baltimore, 332; his report, 332; Legislature appoints commissioners to the Confederate Government, 333; also to Washington, 333; reply of President Davis, 333; Baltimore occupied by United States troops, 333; the city disarmed, 334; authorities arrested and imprisoned, 334; arrest of members of the Legislature, 336; imprisonment, 336; Governor Hicks's final message, 336; her story sad to the last degree, 337; how relieved, 337; the Maryland line of the Revolution, 337; tender ministrations of her daughters to the wounded, 337.

Mason, George, views on the coercion of a State, 177.

Mason and Slidell, Messrs., sent as Commissioners to Europe, 469; seized on their passage by Captain Wilkes, United States Navy, 469; their treatment and restoration, 470.

Massachusetts, threats of a dissolution of the Union in 1844-'45, 76; instructions to her delegates to the Constitutional Convention, 92; tenacious of her State independence, 107; action on the ratification of the Federal Constitution, 107; her terms of ratification, 139; her use of the word "compact," as applied to the Constitution, 139; use of the word "sovereign," as applied to the State, 143; on the reserved powers of the States, 146; resolutions of her Legislature express perhaps too decided a doctrine of nullification, 190; terms of cession of land for forts and navy-yard to the United States, 209.

McClellan, Major-General George B., commands force in Western Virginia, 338; commands enemy's forces at Rich Mountain and Laurel Hill, 338.

McDowell, General, moves to attack General Beauregard, 344.

Medicines, declared by the enemy contraband of war, 310; substitutes sought from the forest, 310.

Memminger, C. G., Secretary of the Treasury under the Provisional Constitution, 242.

Michigan, action of her Senators relative to the Peace Congress, 248, 249; the "bloodletting" letter, 249.

Miles, W. Porcher, letter on the election of Provisional President, 240.

Military organizations, quasi, in the North in 1860, 55.

Military service, laws relating to, 506; a constitutional question raised, 506; its discussion at length, 506.

Mississippi, agitated by compromise measures of 1850, 18; diversity of views, 18; Governor calls special session of the Legislature after the Presidential election in 1860, 57; its Senators and Representatives in Congress convened for consultation, 57; views of the author, 57, 58; letter of O. R. Singleton on the consultation, 58; withdraws from the Union, 220; State Convention makes provision for a State army, 228; appoints the author major-general, and other officers, 228; State divided into districts, and troops apportioned, 228; destitution of arms showed the absence of expectation of war, 228.

Mississippi River, misrepresentations relative to the free navigation of, 244; act of Congress relative to, 245.

Mississippi Union Bank bonds, the facts in relation to them, 497.

Missouri Compromise, without Constitutional authority, 11.

Missouri, controversy relative to the admission of, to the Union, 12; its origin, 12; history of the excitement occasioned, 12; its result, 12; true issue stated by Samuel A. Foote, 12; the compromise, how constituted, 13; votes on, 13; line obliterated in 1850, 14; its effect, 14, 15; resistance to its admission as a State, owing merely to political motives, 33; the issue of subjugation presented to her, 403; her condition similar to that of Kentucky, 414; hostilities instituted by Captain Lyon, 414; Camp Jackson surrounded, 414; its surrender, 415; imprisonment of General Frost, 415; efforts to restore order, 416; agreement between Generals Price and Harney, 416; signification of the agreement between Generals Harney and Price, 417; favorable prospect of peace in the State, 418; misrepresentations by a cabal, 418; an incident, 418; General Harney removed, 419; arms removed from the United States Arsenal to St. Louis, 419; houses of citizens searched for arms, 419; the excitement in the State, 420; General Jackson an object of special persecution, 420; activity of Lieutenant-Governor Reynolds, 420; position of the State in 1860, 420; interference of unauthorized parties, 420; the volunteers attacked at Booneville by General Lyon and United States troops, 424; a party of the enemy routed, 424; General Price moves to southwestern part of the State, 424; the patriot army of Missouri, 425; rout of the enemy at Carthage, 425; anxiety about affairs in Missouri, 426; General Price's efforts, 427, 428; complaints and embarrassments in, 427; correspondence with John B. Clark, 427; destitution of arms, 428; Missourians at Vicksburg, 428; aid from Confederate States, 429; battle at Springfield, 429; action of General Fremont, 430; conflict at Lexington, 430; asserts her right to exercise supreme control over her domestic affairs, 421; proceedings in, 421; attack of Kansas troops, 431; put to flight, 431; increase of the force of the enemy, 432; General Price retires, 432; evidence that the ordinance of secession was the expression of the popular will of Missouri, 432.

Misrepresentations, inspired by a cabal in St. Louis, 418.

Monroe, Judge, citizen of Kentucky, his treatment by the Government of the United States, 398.

Moore, Surgeon L. P., appointed Surgeon-general, 310.

Morris, Gouverneur, his use of the word "compact," 137; his remarkable propositions in the Convention, and their fate, 159, 160.

Motley, John L., his assertions relative to the Constitution, 129; his declaration relative to the words "sovereign" and "sovereignty," 143; views on the second clause of the sixth article, 150.

Munitions of war, preparations to provide them, 316; prompt measures to supply niter, saltpeter, charcoal, 316.

Myers, Lieutenant-Colonel A. C., appointed quartermaster-general, 310.

"National," how the word was treated in the Convention that framed the Constitution, 97.

Nationalism, its fate in the Constitutional Convention, 161.

Naval officers, Southern, view of their position, 313; returned all vessels to the North, 314.

Naval vessels, instructions to Captain Semmes to seek for, 313; views relative to Southern naval officers, 313; officer sent to England, 314.

Nelson, Judge, coöperates between the Commissioners and the Federal authorities, 267; his own views, 267.

Neutrality, the position assumed by Kentucky, 386.

Neutrality of Kentucky not respected by United States Government, 397; historical statement, 398.

New Hampshire, instructions to her deputies to the Constitutional Convention, 92; her ratification of the Federal Constitution, 108; use of the word "compact" as applied to the Constitution, 134; use of the word "sovereign" as applied to the State, 143; on the reserved powers of the States, 147.

New Jersey, instructions to her delegates to the Constitutional Convention, 90; her ratification of the Federal Constitution, 106.

New States, practice of the Government relative to the admission of, 38; the usual process of transition, 39; question of sovereignty, 39; Territorial Legislatures the agents of Congress, 40.

New York, instructions to her delegates to the Constitutional Convention, 92; how the ratification was secured, 109; a declaration of principles, 110; her declaration on the reserved powers of the States, 147; conditions upon which the land for Brooklyn Navy Yard was ceded to the United States, 209; nine States to ratify, reason for the adoption of this number, 98; why referred to State Conventions, 99; a dissolution of the Union, 100; the right of, to form a government for themselves under the seventh article of the Constitution, 101; a refutation of the assertion that the Constitution was formed by the people in the aggregate, 101.

Niter and Mining Bureau, organized, 477; its operation, 477.

North, The, the cause of undue caution, 314.

North Carolina, instructions to her commissioners to the Constitutional Convention, 90; her declaration on the reserved powers of the States, 147.

Northern States, at the last moment, refuse to make any concessions, or offer any guarantees to check the current toward secession of the complaining States, 438; responsible for whatever of bloodshed, of devastation, or shock to republican government has resulted from the war, 439.

Northrop, Colonel L. B., placed at the head of the subsistence department, 303; his experience and capacity, 303; rank, 310; his efforts to provide for present and future supplies, 315; lack of transportation, 315.

Nullification and secession, distinction between, 184.

Oath required by the Constitution, some took it and made use of the powers and opportunities of the offices held under its sanctions to nullify its obligations, 81.

Object of the war, our subjugation by the North, 321.

Obstacles to the formation of a more perfect Union, 31.

"On to Richmond," changed at Manassas to "off to Washington," 351.

Order of pursuit, after the victory at Manassas, details of, 353, 354; not sent, 355; another order sent, 355.

Ordinance of Virginia in 1787, its articles, 7; urged as a precedent in support of the claim of a power in Congress to determine the question of the admission of slaves into the Territories, 10; its validity examined, 10, 11.

Orr, James L., Commissioner from South Carolina to Washington, 213. Pandora's box, the opening of, 15.

Paradoxical theories, relative to sovereignty in the United States, 142; no government is sovereign, 142.

Patriot army of Missouri, description of, 425.

Patterson, William, arguments for the Jersey plan in the Constitutional Convention, 206.

Patterson, Major-General, commands force at Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, 337; its object, 338.

Pause, A, to consider the attitude of the parties to the contest, and the grounds on which they stand, 289.

Peace Congress, it assembles, 248; States represented, 248; its officers and proceedings, 249; the plan proposed, 250; how treated by the majority, 250; the failure of, 296.

Pegram, Colonel, second in command at Rich Mountain, 338.

Pendleton, Captain W. N., commands an effective battery at Manassas, 358.

Peninsula of Virginia, features for defense, 300.

Pennsylvania, instructions to her deputies to the Constitutional Convention, 90; words with which she ratified the Federal Constitution, 105.

People in the aggregate, The, no instance of the action of the people as one body, 119; use of the word by Virginia, 125; its early use, 125; do. in the Declaration of Independence, 126; views of Story, 126; speak as the people of the States, 152.

People of the State, the only sovereign political community before the adoption of the Federal Constitution, 154.

People of the United States, understood to mean the people of the respective States, 174; views of Virginia, of Massachusetts, and others, 174.

People of the South, their hope and wish that the disagreeable necessity of separation would be peaceably met, 438; every step of the Confederate Government directed to that end, 439.

Perpetuity of the Union, danger to, foreshadowed, 185.

Pickens, Governor, his dispatch relative to Colonel Lamon, 272.

Pickens, Fort, its condition at the outbreak of the war, 203.

Pickering, Timothy, letter in 1803-'4 on a separation of the Union, 71; his prediction, 79.

Pierce, Franklin, President, his character, 25.

Plans of the enemy, their development, 468.

Pledge given by Federal authorities to Confederate Commissioners and Government for the evacuation of Sumter and unchanged condition of Pickens, 269.

Plighted faith, the last vestige of, disappeared, 274.

Point of honor, the, raised by Secretary Seward, 273.

Political parties, the changes occurring in, 35; their names and signification, 35.

Polk, Major-General Leonidas, enters Kentucky and occupies Hickman and Columbus, 391; his dispatch to the President and the answer, 392; answer to Kentucky Committee, 394; letter to the Governor of Kentucky, 396; his proposition, 397; repulses the assailants at Belmont, 404; his report of the conflict, 405.

Popular sovereignty party of 1860, its principles, 51.

Powder, our supply in 1861, 472; first efforts to obtain, 473; mills in existence, 472; progress of development, 474; amount of powder annually required, 474; how supplied, 474, 475; Government mills, 475.

Powell, Senator, offers a resolution in the United States Senate relative to the state of affairs in 1860, 61; action on the resolution, 68.

Power, Political, the balance of, the basis of sectional controversy, 11; its earlier manifestations, 11.

Power of amendment, special examination of, 195; what is the Constitution? 195; the States have only intrusted to a common agent certain functions, 196; a power to amend the delegated grants, 196; the first ten amendments, 196; distinction between amendment and delegation of power, 196; smaller power required for amendment than for a grant, 196; apprehensions of the power of amendment, 197; restrictions placed on the exercise of the delegated powers, 197; effect on New England, 198.

Power of the Confederate Government over its own armies and the militia, 506; object of confederations, 506; the war powers granted, 507; two modes of raising armies in the Confederate States, 507; is the law necessary and proper? 508; Congress is the judge, under the grant of specific power, 508; what is meant by militia, 509; whole military strength divided into two classes, 510; powers of Congress, 510; objections answered, 511; the limitations enlarged, 512; result of the operations of these laws, 515; act for the employment of slaves, 515; message to Congress, 515; died of a theory, 518; act passed, 518; not time to put it in operation, 519.

Power to prohibit slavery in a Territory, argument for its possession by the United States Congress, 26.

Preamble to the Constitution, its words, 121; the stronghold of the advocates of consolidation, 121; we, the People, interpreted as a nation, 121; words of John Adams, 121; do. of Patrick Henry, 121; other words of Henry, 122; answer of Madison to Henry, 122; the people were those of the respective States, 123; proceeding in the Convention, 123; the original words reported, 124; vote on them unanimous, 124; reason of modification, 124; the word people--its signification, 125; examples from Scripture, 125; instances in the Declaration of Independence, 126; revolt of Maryland, 126; do. of North Carolina and Rhode Island, 126.

Precipitation, the calmness with which Southern measures were adopted refutes the charge of, 199.

Prediction of Timothy Pickering, 79.

Presidential election of 1800, the basis of the contest, 189; the last contest on them, 189.

Pretension, Absurdity of the, by which a factitious sympathy was obtained in certain quarters for the war upon the South, on the ground that it was a war in behalf of freedom against slavery, 262; letter of Mr. Seward, 263.

Price, General, agreement with General Harney, 416; address to the people of Missouri, 421, 422; his efforts in Missouri, 427, 428; his enthusiasm, 428; magnanimity at the battle of Springfield, 429.

Proclamation of President Lincoln on April 15, 1861, an official declaration of war, 319; his words, 319; power granted in the Constitution, how expressed, 320; delegated to Congress, 320; action of South Carolina, 320; the State designated as a combination, 320; not recognized as a State, 320; its effect, 321; reason of President Lincoln for designating the State as a combination, 321; no authority to enter a State on insurrection arising, 321; words of the Constitution, 321; his efforts to justify himself, 322; was it an insurrection? 325.

Prohibitory clauses, relative to the States, 149.

Propositions clearly established relative to sovereignty, 157, 158.

Proposition of Major-General Polk to the Governor of Kentucky, 397.

Public opinion, how drifted from the landmarks set up by the sages and patriots who formed the constitutional Union, 216.

Quincy, Josiah, member of Congress from Massachusetts, declaration of a dissolution of the Union in 1811, 73.

Quitman, John A., nominated for Governor of Mississippi, 20; accepts and subsequently withdraws, 20.

Railroads, insufficient in number, 315; poorly furnished, 315; dependent on Northern foundries, 315.

Rains, General G. W., his experience, 316; charged with the manufacture of powder, 316; undertakes the manufacture of powder, 475.

Randolph, Edmund, plan of government offered in the Convention, 96; his views on the coercion of a State, 178.

Reagan, J. H., Postmaster-General under Provisional Constitution, 242.

Rector, Governor of Arkansas, reply to Mr. Lincoln's call for troops, 412.

Relay House, occupied by United States troops, 333.

Remedy, The, invoked by Mr. Calhoun 189.

Representatives of the South, their proceedings at Washington.

Republic, An American, never transfers or surrenders its sovereignty, 154.

Republican (so-called) Convention of 1860, a purely sectional body, 49; its selection of candidates, 49; declaration of Mr. Lincoln, 49.

Republican party, its growth, 36; its principle, 36; votes, 36; of 1860, its principles, 51.

Republicans, demand made on them in the United States Senate for a declaration of their policy, 69; no answer, 69.

Resolutions, relating to Territories offered by Senator Davis, 42; discussion and vote upon them, 43; position of the Senator, 44; adopted by Southern Senators, 204; their significance, 204; further efforts would be unavailing, 205.

Resolutions of 1798-'99, the corner-stone of the political edifice of Mr. Jefferson, 385.

Reserved powers of the States, views of Massachusetts and New Hampshire, 146, 147; declaration of New York, 147; do. of South Carolina, 147; do. of North Carolina, 147; do. of Rhode Island, 148; no objection made to the principle, 148.

Resumption of powers, etc., some objections considered, 180; as to new States, 180; every State equal, 180; States formed of purchased territory, 181; allegiance to the Federal Government said to be paramount, 182; examined, 182; the sovereign is the people, 182; the right asserted in the ratifications of Virginia, New York, and Rhode Island, 173; effort to construe these as declaring the right of one people, 174.

Revolutionary measures in the extreme, acts of the United States Government in Missouri, 420.

Reynolds, Lieutenant-Governor, ably seconds the efforts of Governor Jackson in Missouri, 423.

Rhode Island, the Constitution rejected by a vote of the people, 111; subsequently ratified, 111; terms of ratification, 111; letter of her Governor to President Washington relative to her position as not a member of the new Union, 113; her declaration on the reserved powers of the States, 148.

Rich Mountain, West Virginia, the contest at, 338.

Richmond, a campaign against, planned by the enemy, 466.

Right, the, enunciated in the Declaration of Independence, 386; determination of the States to exercise it, 386; to attack Fort Sumter, South Carolina a State, 290; ground on which the fort stood ceded in trust to the United States for her defense, 290; no other had an interest in the maintenance of the fort except for aggression against her, 290; remarks of Senator Douglas, 290.

Rights of the States, assertions of, in various quarters, 190; resolutions of Massachusetts Legislature, 190; declaration on the purchase of Louisiana, 190; on the admission of the State, 190; on the annexation of Texas, 190.

Right of the Federal troops to enter a State, 411; words of the Constitution, 411; how could they be sent to overrule the will of the people? 411.

Roman, A. B., appointed Commissioner to United States, 246.

Romney, the affair near, in June, 1861, 343.

"Rope of sand," the expression examined, 176.

Scott, Major-General, advises the evacuation of the forts, 282.

Seat of sovereignty, never disturbed heretofore in this country, 154.

Secession, the tendency of the Southern movement to, 60; repeated instances of the assertion of this right in the prior history of the country, 71; several instances, 71; letters, 71; provision made for, 100; the right of, to be veiled, 101; a question easily determined, 168; the compact between the States was in the nature of a partnership, 168; law of partnerships, 168; formation of the Confederation, 169; do. of the "more perfect Union," 169; an amended Union not a consolidation, 169; the very powers of the Federal Government and prohibitions to the States, relied upon by the advocates of centralism as incompatible with State sovereignty, were in force under the old Confederation, 170; arguments of Madison to show that the great principles of the Constitution and the Articles of Confederation are the same, 170; extract, 171; why was it not expressly renounced if it was intended to surrender it? 172; it would have been extraordinary to put in the Constitution a provision for the dissolution of the Union, 172; in treaties there is a provision for perpetuity, but the right to dissolve the compact is not less clearly understood, 172; the movements which culminated in, began before the session of Congress of December, 1860, 201; action of the author, 201, 202.

Secession and coercion, views on, that had been held in all parts of the country, 252.

Secessionists per se, number so small as not to be felt in any popular decision, 301; only alternative to a surrender of equality in the union, 301.

Sectional controversy, the basis of, 11; no question of the right or wrong of slavery involved in the earlier, 13.

Sectional hostility, not the consequence of any difference on the abstract question of slavery, 79; the offspring of sectional rivalry and political ambition, 79.

Sectional rivalry, its efforts to prevent free emigration, 29.

Self-defense, preparations for, 326; declarations of the message to Congress, 326; the state of affairs, 326, 327; acts for military purposes passed, 327; our object and desire distinctly declared, 327; the patriotic devotion of every portion of the country, 328; secession of the border States, 328.

Semmes, Captain, afterward Admiral, 311; sent North to purchase arms, ammunition, etc., etc., 311; letter of instructions, 311.

Senators, Southern, efforts to dissuade from aggressive movements, 204; how exerted, 204.

Separation made familiar to the people by agitation, 227.

Settlement with the United States, views relative to, 245.

Seward, W. H., letter to Mr. Dayton on the views and purposes of the United States Government, 262; proceedings as Secretary of State relative to our Commissioners, 267; his declarations, 268; assurances given, 269; his representations and misrepresentations to the Commissioners, 273, 425; further statements, 277.

Seymour, Horatio. remarks relative to coercion, 255.

Sharkey, William L., anecdote of, 230.

Sharp correspondence between the Commissioners from South Carolina and President Buchanan, 214 (see Appendix).

Sherman, Roger, his use of the word "sovereign" as applied to the States, 144.

Singleton, O. R., letter on conference of Senators and Representatives in Congress from Mississippi with the Governor, 58.

Slaves, importation forbidden by Southern States, 4.

Slave-trade, interference with, by Congress forbidden in the Constitution, 4; importation forbidden by Southern States, 4; its final abolition, 5.

Slavery, a right understanding of questions growing out of, 3; existed at the adoption of the Federal Constitution, 3; occasion of diversities, 3; cause of its abolition, 4; first petitions for abolition of, 5; question of maintenance of, belongs exclusively to the States, 6; how raised by zealots in the North, 6; the extension of, a term misleading the opinions of the world, 6; did not imply the addition of a single slave to the number existing, 7; signified distribution or dispersion, 7; no question of the right or wrong of, involved in the earlier sectional controversies, 13; historical sketch of its existence among us, 78; far from being the cause of the conflict, 73; only an incident, 80; a matter entirely subject to the control of the States, 80; its existence and validity distinctly recognized by the Constitution, 80.

Slaves, message on the employment of, in the army, 515; act passed, 519.

Smith, General E. K., wounded at Manassas, 351.

South Carolina repeals law to prohibit importation of slaves, 4; instructions to her representatives to the Constitutional Convention, 91; adopts an ordinance of secession, 70; her representatives in Congress withdraw, 70; action of other States, 71; her ratification of the Federal Constitution, 108; her declaration on the reserved powers of the States, 147; conditions of her cession of sites for ports in Charleston Harbor to United States, 210; any delay by her to secede could not have changed the result, 300; nature of her act of secession, 320.

South, The, growth of overweening confidence in, 314.

Southern manifestations, cause of, after the Presidential election of 1860, 53; their deliberate action, 54.

Southern people, in advance of their leaders throughout, 199; their grounds to hope there would be no war, 257; their conservative temper, 258; the prevailing sentiment, a cordial attachment to the Union, 301.

Southern States, only alternative to seek security out of the Union, 85; what course remained for them to adopt, 192; over sovereigns there is no common judge, 192; their defenseless condition in 1861, 228; their calamities a result of their credulous reliance on the power of the Constitution, 228; satisfied with a Federal Government such as their fathers had formed, 439; against the violations of the Constitution they remonstrated, argued, and finally appealed to the undelegated power of the States, 439; years of fruitless effort to secure from their Northern associates a faithful observance of the compact, 439; a peaceful separation preferred to a continuance in a hostile Union, 439; pleas for peace met deceptive answers, 440.

_Sovereignty resides alone in the States, 26; assertion of Story, 141; increased the unnecessary confusion of ideas, 141; definition of Burlamaqui, 141; sovereignty seated in the people, 141; they can exercise it only through the State, 141; the States were sovereign under the articles of Confederation, 142; never been divested of it, 142; paradoxical theories in the United States, 142; if the people have transferred their sovereignty, to whom was it made? 143; declaration of Motley, 143; refutation by articles of Confederation, 143; action of Massachusetts, New Hampshire, 143; declarations of Madison, Hamilton, and others, 143, 144; views of others, 145; reservations in the tenth amendment, 146; its meaning, 146; views of the States on signification of it, 147, 148.

Sovereign will, two modes of expressing known to the people of this country, 153; an effort to make it clear beyond the possibility of misconception, 153; propositions clearly established, 157, 158.

Special friends of the Union, claim arrogated by the abolitionists, 34.

Springfield, Missouri, the battle at, 429.

Squatter sovereignty, responsibilities of the authors of, 31; its origin, 36; when fully developed, 38; the theory in its application to Territories, 40.

Star of the West, attempts to reënforce Fort Sumter, 217; the result, 218.

Statements, unfounded, relative to the election of Provisional President, 236.

State, a suit against, views of Hamilton, 162.

State seceding, A, assumes control of all her defenses intrusted to the United States, 211.

States, The, their separate independence acknowledged by Great Britain, 47; to whom could they have surrendered their sovereignty, 156; represented in the Peace Congress, 248; as States, mentioned in the Constitution seventy times, 130; ratification by, alone gave validity to the Constitution, 132; have never been divested of sovereignty, 142.

States Rights party of 1860, its principles, 51.

Stephens, Alexander H., elected Vice-President of the Confederate States, 230; remarks on the permanent Constitution, 258.

St. John, General, appointed commissary-general of subsistence, 318; his report, 318.

Story, Judge Joseph, a question asked by him, 132; its answer, 132.

Stuart, General J. E. B., activity and vigilance in Virginia, 344.

Subjugation; the measures of the United States Government in Missouri designed for the subjugation of the State, 423.

Sumter, Fort, correspondence relative to occupancy of, between Colonel I.W. Hayne and President Buchanan, 219; state of affairs relative to, after the inauguration of President Lincoln, 267; pledges given relative to, 269; proceedings of G. V. Fox relative to reënforcing and furnishing supplies to, 271; official notification from Washington, 274; correspondence relative to bombardment of, 285, 286; do. relative to evacuation of, 288; the right to claim it as public property is untenable, apart from a claim of coercive control over the State, 290; the right of the Federal Government to coerce a State to submission, 291; no hope of peaceful settlement existed, 291; repeated attempts at negotiation, 291; met by evasion, prevarication, and perfidy, 291; the right to demand that there should be no hostile grip pending a settlement, 291; the forbearance of the Confederate Government unexampled, 292; he who makes the assault is not necessarily the one who strikes the first blow, 292; the attempt to represent us as the aggressors unfounded, 292; "firing on the flag," 292; idea of the commander of the Pawnee, 292; remark of Greeley, 293; the conflict, 293; nobody injured, 293; extract from Mr. Lincoln's message, 294; reply, 294; a word from him would have relieved the hungry, 294; suppose the Confederate authorities had consent to supplies for the garrison, 294; what would have been the next step, 294; what reliance could be placed on his assurances, 294; fire upon, opened by General Beauregard, 293; the conflict, 293; final surrender, 293; an incident of ex-Senator Wigfall, 293; terms of surrender, 293; bombardment in anticipation of the fleet, 296.

Supremacy of the Constitution, considerations conducing to a clearer understanding of, 150; declared to be in the Constitution and laws, not in the Government of the United States, 151.

Supremacy, State, the controlling idea in the Confederate army bill, 304; arms and munitions within the several States were considered as belonging to them, 305; the forces could only be drawn from the several States by their consent, 305; the system of organization, 305; provision for the discharge of the forces, 305; the act to provide for the public defense, 305; the law for the establishment and organization of the army of the Confederate States, 306; wish and object of the Government were peace, 306; provisions of the act, 306.

Taney, Chief-Justice, remark in the Dred Scott case, 84.

Tariff laws, enacted for protection against foreign competition, 32; a burden on the Southern States, 32; a most prolific source of sectional strife, 498; its early history, 498; policy of the British Government with the colonies, 499; a difficulty in the Constitutional Convention, 499; progress after the formation of the Union, 500; all laws based on the principle of duties for revenue, 500; the first time a tariff law had protection for its object, it for the first time produced discontent, 501; geographical differences between North and South, 501; legislation for the benefit of Northern manufactures a Northern policy, 501; the controversy quadrennially renewed, 502; motion of Mr. Drayton, of South Carolina, 502; progress of parties, 503; position of Southern representatives, 503; other causes, 503; general effect on the character of our institutions, 504.

Texas, her division, how effected, 16; compared with California, 16.

Taxation, the system of measures for, 493; objects of taxation, 494; direct taxes, 494; obstacle to the levy of these taxes, 495.

Thayer, James S., speech of, in New York, on the attempt to coerce a State, 254.

Thirteen, Senate Committee of, consequences of their failure to come to an agreement, 199.

Thoroughfare Gap, meat-packing establishment at, 462.

Toombs, Robert, Secretary of State under Provisional Constitution, 242.

Townsend, Colonel Frederick, commands Third Regiment of the enemy's force at Bethel Church, 342; his account of the combat at Bethel Church, 342.

Travesty of history, statements of a foreign writer, 201; their absurdity shown, 201.

Trent, The steamer, seizure of our Commissioners on board, 470; their treatment and restoration, 470.

Tribune, The New York, declaration relative to the coercion of States, 56; its declarations relative to coercion, 252.

Troops, Southern, rush to Virginia, 300; also sent by Confederate Government, 300.

Troops of the two armies, exemplification of the difference before either was trained to war, 342, 343.

Union, The, no moral or sentimental considerations involved in the controversies that ruptured the Union, 6.

Union, Dissolution of the, first threats or warnings of, from New England, 12; ground of opposition stated, 12; Colonel Timothy Pickering in 1803, 71; do. in 1804, 72; its peaceful character, 72; declaration of Josiah Quincy in Congress in 1811, 73; action of the House, 74; the celebrated Hartford Convention, 74; its proceedings, 74; published report, 74; their declaration, 75; threats of Massachusetts in 1844, 76.

Union, the, how to be saved, views of President Buchanan, 54; declaration of Senator Calhoun, 55.

Union, A perpetual, provided for in the last article of the Confederation, 98; a serious difficulty, 98; danger of failure, 98.

Union, A, necessarily involves the idea of competent States, 128; was not formed to destroy the States, but to secure the blessings of liberty, 176; a voluntary junction of free and independent States, 439.

Union of the armies of Johnston and Beauregard, decided at Richmond, 347; order sent to Johnston, 347.

United States Supreme Court, decision of, flouted, denounced, and disregarded, 85.

Usurpation, tendency to, in the Federal Government, 176; last effort to stay the tide of, 247; set on foot by Virginia, 247; an effort for adjustment, 247; the Peace Congress, 248.

Vattel, his views on the sovereignty of a state, 145.

Vaughn, Colonel, report of the affair near Romney, in June, 1861, 343; a notice of Vaughn, 344.

Virginia, made efforts to prohibit the importation of slaves, 4; first to prohibit, 5; her cession of territory in 1784, 7; Ordinance of 1787, 7; the occasion of her cession of territory north of the Ohio River, 47; instructions to her Commissioners to the Constitutional Convention, 90; long debates in her Convention, 108; the speakers, 108; her terms of ratification, 109; her cession of sites for forts to United States, 210; act of cession, 211; proposes a convention to adjust existing controversies, 247; appoints commissioners, 247; her ordinance subject to the ratification of the people, 299; forms a convention with the Confederate States, 299; prompt to reclaim the grants she had made on the appearance of President Lincoln's proclamation, 298; passes an ordinance of secession, 299; liable to be invaded from north, east, and west, 300; the forces assembled in, 340; divided into three armies, 340; their positions, 340; junction possible between first and second, 340; her history a long course of sacrifices for the benefit of her sister States, 440; her efforts to check dissolution, 440; her mediations rejected in the Peace Congress, 440; required to furnish troops for subjugation, or reclaim her grants to the Federal Government, 440; one course left consistent with her stainless reputation, 440; the forces of the enemy around her, 440; Richmond threatened, 441.

Volunteers, sufficient secured during the first year, 505; laws relating to the military service, 506.

Walker, L. P., Secretary of War under Provisional Constitution, 242.

Walworth, Chancellor, remarks on the coercion of the Southern States, 255.

War of the Revolution, its causes were grievances inflicted on the Northern colonies, 148; the South had no material cause of complaint, 48.

War, the late bloody, the theory on which it was waged, 160; proposition in the Convention to incorporate it in the Constitution, 160; not seconded, 160.

War between the Slates, who was responsible for? 440; the probability of, discussed by the people, 227; opinion that it would be long and bloody, 230.

War-cry, the, employed to train the Northern mind, 29; its success, 30.

Washington, the great effort of invasion to be from that point, 337; accumulation of troops, 337.

Washington, George, his use of the word "compact" as applied to the Constitution, 138; repeatedly refers to the proposed Union as a confederacy, 164; extracts from his letters, 164.

Washington, John A., killed on a reconnaissance, 436.

Webster, Daniel, remark of, at the death of Mr. Calhoun, 17; first to revive refuted misconceptions, 128; a remark of his, 134; denies the Constitution to be a compact, 135; on the word "accede," 136; his concessions, 137; denied what Massachusetts and New Hampshire affirmed, 139; on the sovereignty of the Government, 151; his inconsistent ideas, 152; his views in 1819, 166; his speech at Capon Springs, 167; on the omission of a State to appoint Senators, 179.

Welles, Gideon, statement of proceedings in Mr. Lincoln's Cabinet, 276.

Wise, General Henry A., sent to western Virginia, 433; his success, 433.