Part 3

Cf. W. Nernst und Th. Wulf, Verh. d. Deutsch. Phys. Ges. 21, p. 294, 1919.

For the absolute value of the energy is equal to the product of the inert mass and the square of light velocity.

Verhandlungen der Deutschen Phys. Ges. Dec. 14, 1900, p. 237.

Generally, if k be the first radiation constant, the mean kinetic energy of a gas molecule is:

If we put, therefore, T = U, then k = ⅔. In the conventional [absolute Kelvinian] temperature scale, however, T is defined by putting the temperature difference between boiling and freezing water equal to 100.

Cf. for example L. Boltzmann, Zur Erinnerung an Josef Loschmidt, Populäre Schriften, p. 245, 1905.

E. Rutherford and H. Geiger, Proc. Roy. Soc. A. Vol. 81, p. 162, 1908.

Cf. R. A. Millikan, Phys. Zeitschr. 14, p. 796, 1913.

The evaluation of the probability of a physical state is based upon counting that finite number of equally probable special cases by which the corresponding state is realized; and in order sharply to distinguish these cases from one another, a definite concept of each special case has necessarily to be introduced.

A. Einstein, Ann. d. Phys. 17, p. 132, 1905.

A. Einstein, Ann. d. Phys. 22, p. 180, 1907.

M. Born und Th. v. Karman, Phys. Zeitschr. 14, p. 15, 1913.

P. Debye, Ann. d. Phys. 39, p. 789, 1912.

W. Nernst, Phys. Zeitschr. 13, p. 1064, 1912

A. Eucken, Sitz.-Ber. d. Preuss. Akad. d. Wiss. p. 141, 1912.

O. Sackur, Ann. d. Phys. 36, p. 958, 1911.

H. Tetrode, Proc. Acad. Sci. Amsterdam, Febr. 27 and March 27, 1915.

J. Franck und G. Hertz, Verh. d. Deutsch. Phys. Ges. 16, p. 512, 1914.

Ph. Lenard, Ann. d. Phys. 8, p. 149, 1902.

E. Ladenburg, Verh. d. Deutschen Phys. Ges. 9, p. 504, 1907.

R. A. Millikan, Phys. Zeitschr. 17, p. 217, 1916.

E. Warburg, Über den Energieumsatz bei photochemischen Vorgängen in Gasen. Sitz.-Ber. d. Preuss. Akad. d. Wiss. from 1911 onwards.

N. Bohr, Phil. Mag. 30, p. 394, 1915.

A. Sommerfeld, Ann. d. Phys. 51, pp. 1, 125, 1916.

F. Paschen, Ann. d. Phys. 50, p. 901, 1916.

P. Epstein, Ann. d. Phys. 50, p. 489, 1916.

P. Debye, Phys. Zeitschr. 18, p. 276, 1917.

E. Wagner, Ann. d. Phys. 57, p. 467, 1918.