BOOK XXIII.. The Remedies Derived From the Cultivated Trees.

THE REMEDIES DERIVED FROM THE CULTIVATED TREES.

1. Introduction 457

2. The vine ib.

3. The leaves and shoots of the vine: seven remedies 458

4. Omphacium extracted from the vine: fourteen remedies 459

5. Œnanthe: twenty-one remedies 460

6. Grapes, fresh gathered 461

7. Various kinds of preserved grapes: eleven remedies ib.

8. Cuttings of the vine: one remedy 462

9. Grape-stones: six remedies ib.

10. Grape-husks: eight remedies 463

11. The grapes of the theriaca: four remedies ib.

12. Raisins, or astaphis: fourteen remedies ib.

13. The astaphis agria, otherwise called staphis or taminia: twelve remedies 464

14. The labrusca, or wild vine: twelve remedies 465

15. The salicastrum: twelve remedies ib.

16. The white vine, otherwise called ampeloleuce, staphyle, melothron, psilotrum, archezostis, cedrostis, or madon: thirty-one remedies 466

17. The black vine, otherwise called bryonia, chironia, gynæcanthe, or apronia: thirty-five remedies 468

18. Must: fifteen remedies ib.

19. Particulars relative to wine 469

20. The Surrentine wines: three remedies. The Alban wines: two remedies. The Falernian wines: six remedies 470

21. The Setine wines; one observation upon them. The Statan wines; one observation upon them. The Signian wines: one remedy 471

22. Other wines: sixty-four remedies ib.

23. Sixty-one observations relative to wine 473

24. In what maladies wine should be administered; how it should be administered, and at what times 474

25. Ninety-one observations with reference to wine 477

26. Artificial wines ib.

27. Vinegar: twenty-eight remedies 478

28. Squill vinegar: seventeen remedies 480

29. Oxymeli: seven remedies 481

30. Sapa: seven remedies ib.

31. Lees of wine: twelve remedies 482

32. Lees of vinegar: seventeen remedies 483

33. Lees of sapa: four remedies 484

34. The leaves of the olive-tree: twenty-three remedies ib.

35. The blossom of the olive: four remedies ib.

36. White olives: four remedies. Black olives: three remedies 485

37. Amurca of olives: twenty-one remedies 486

38. The leaves of the wild olive: sixteen remedies 487

39. Omphacium: three remedies 488

40. Oil of œnanthe: twenty-eight remedies ib.

41. Castor oil: sixteen remedies 489

42. Oil of almonds: sixteen remedies 490

43. Oil of laurel: nine remedies ib.

44. Oil of myrtle: twenty remedies ib.

45. Oil of chamæmyrsine, or oxymyrsine; oil of cypros; oil of citrus; oil of walnuts; oil of cnidium; oil of mastich; oil of balanus; various remedies 491

46. The cyprus, and the oil extracted from it; sixteen remedies. Gleucinum: one remedy 492

47. Oil of balsamum: fifteen remedies ib.

48. Malobathrum: five remedies 493

49. Oil of henbane: two remedies. Oil of lupines: one remedy. Oil of narcissus: one remedy. Oil of radishes: five remedies. Oil of sesame: three remedies. Oil of lilies: three remedies. Oil of Selga: one remedy. Oil of Iguvium: one remedy ib.

50. Elæomeli: two remedies. Oil of pitch: two remedies 494

51. The palm: nine remedies ib.

52. The palm which produces the myrobalanum: three remedies 495

53. The palm called elate: sixteen remedies ib.

54. Remedies derived from the blossoms, leaves, fruit, branches, bark, juices, roots, wood, and ashes of various kinds of trees. Six observations upon apples. Twenty-two observations upon quinces. One observation upon struthea 496

55. The sweet apples called melimela: six observations upon them. Sour apples: four observations upon them 497

56. Citrons: five observations upon them 498

57. Punic apples, or pomegranates: twenty-six remedies ib.

58. The composition called stomatice: fourteen remedies 499

59. Cytinus: eight remedies 500

60. Balaustium: twelve remedies ib.

61. The wild pomegranate 501

62. Pears: twelve observations upon them 502

63. Figs: one hundred and eleven observations upon them ib.

64. The wild fig: forty-two observations upon it 505

65. The herb crineon: three remedies 507

66. Plums: four observations upon them ib.

67. Peaches: two remedies 508

68. Wild plums; two remedies ib.

69. The lichen on plum-trees; two remedies ib.

70. Mulberries; thirty-nine remedies ib.

71. The medicament called stomatice, arteriace, or panchrestos; four remedies 509

72. Cherries: five observations upon them 511

73. Medlars: two remedies. Sorbs: two remedies 512

74. Pine-nuts: thirteen remedies ib.

75. Almonds: twenty-nine remedies ib.

76. Greek nuts: one remedy 513

77. Walnuts: twenty-four remedies. The Mithridatic antidote 514

78. Hazel-nuts: three observations upon them. Pistachio-nuts: eight observations upon them. Chesnuts: five observations upon them 515

79. Carobs: five observations upon them. The cornel: one remedy. The fruit of the arbutus 516

80. The laurel: sixty-nine observations upon it ib.

81. Myrtle: sixty observations upon it 519

82. Myrtidanum: thirteen remedies 521

83. The wild myrtle, otherwise called oxymyrsine, or chamæmyrsine, and the ruscus: six remedies ib.

NATURAL HISTORY OF PLINY.