BOOK XXI.. An Account of Flowers, and Those Used for Chaplets More

AN ACCOUNT OF FLOWERS, AND THOSE USED FOR CHAPLETS MORE PARTICULARLY.

1. The nature of flowers and gardens 304

2. Garlands and chaplets ib.

3. Who invented the art of making garlands: when they first received the name of “corollæ,” and for what reason 305

4. Who was the first to give chaplets with leaves of silver and gold. Lemnisci: who was the first to emboss them 306

5. The great honour in which chaplets were held by the ancients ib.

6. The severity of the ancients in reference to chaplets 307

7. A citizen decked with flowers by the Roman people 308

8. Plaited chaplets. Needle-work chaplets. Nard-leaf chaplets. Silken chaplets ib.

9. Authors who have written on flowers. An anecdote relative to Queen Cleopatra and chaplets 309

10. The rose: twelve varieties of it 310

11. The lily: four varieties of it 314

12. The narcissus: three varieties of it 316

13. How seed is stained to produce tinted flowers 317

14. How the several varieties of the violet are respectively produced, grown, and cultivated. The three different colours of the violet. The five varieties of the yellow violet ib.

15. The caltha. The scopa regia 318

16. The bacchar. The combretum. Asarum ib.

17. Saffron: in what places it grows best. What flowers were known at the time of the Trojan war 319

18. The nature of odours 321

19. The iris 324

20. The saliunca 325

21. The polium or teuthrion ib.

22. Fabrics which rival the colour of flowers 326

23. The amaranth 327

24. The cyanos: the holochrysos 328

25. The petilium: the bellio ib.

26. The chrysocome, or chrysitis 329

27. Shrubs, the blossoms of which are used for chaplets ib.

28. Shrubs, the leaves of which are used for chaplets ib.

29. The melothron, spiræa, and origanum. The oneorum or cassia; two varieties of it. The melissophyllum or melittæna. The melilote, otherwise known as Campanian garland 330

30. Three varieties of trefoil: the myophonum ib.

31. Two varieties of thyme. Plants produced from blossoms and not from seed 331

32. Conyza 332

33. The flower of Jove. The hemerocalles. The helenium. The phlox. Plants in which the branches and roots are odoriferous 333

34. The abrotonum. The adonium: two varieties of it. Plants which reproduce themselves. The leucanthemum 334

35. Two varieties of the amaracus ib.

36. The nyctegreton, or chenamyche, or nyctalops 335

37. Where the melilote is found ib.

38. The succession in which flowers blossom: the spring flowers. The violet. The chaplet anemone or phrenion. The herb œnanthe. The melanthium. The helichrysos. The gladiolus. The hyacinth 336

39. The summer flowers—the lychnis: the tiphyon. Two varieties of the pothos. Two varieties of the orsinum. The vincapervinca or chamædaphne—a plant which is an ever-green 337

40. The duration of life in the various kinds of flowers 339

41. Plants which should be sown among flowers for bees. The cerintha ib.

42. The maladies of bees, and the remedies for them 340

43. The food of bees ib.

44. Poisoned honey, and the remedies to be employed by those who have eaten it 341

45. Maddening honey 342

46. Honey that flies will not touch 343

47. Beehives, and the attention which should be paid to them 344

48. That bees are sensible of hunger 345

49. The method of preparing wax. The best kinds of wax. Punic wax ib.

50. Plants which grow spontaneously: the use made of them by various nations, their nature, and remarkable facts connected with them. The strawberry, the tamnus, and the butcher’s broom. The batis, two varieties of it. The meadow parsnip. The hop 347

51. The colocasia ib.

52. The cichorium. The anthalium or anticellium, or anthyllum. The œtum. The arachidna. The aracos. The candryala. The hypochœris. The caucalis. The anthriscum. The scandix. The tragopogon. The parthenium or leucanthes, amaracus, perdicium, or muralis. The trychnum or strychnum, halicacabum, callias, dorycnion, manicon, peritton, neuras, morio, or moly. The corchorus. The aphace. The acynopos. The epipetron. Plants which never flower. Plants which are always in flower 348

53. Four varieties of the cnecos 350

54. Plants of a prickly nature: the erynge, the glycyrrhiza, the tribulus, the anonis, the pheos or stœbe, and the hippophaes ib.

55. Four varieties of the nettle. The lamium and the scorpio 351

56. The carduus, the acorna, the phonos, the leucanthos, the chalceos, the cnecos, the polyacanthos, the onopyxos, the helxine, the scolymos, the chamæleon, the tetralix, and acanthice mastiche 353

57. The cactos: the pternix, pappos, and ascalias 354

58. The tribulus: the anonis 355

59. Plants classified according to their stems: the coronopus, the anchusa, the anthemis, the phyllanthes, the crepis, and the lotus ib.

60. Plants classified according to their leaves. Plants which never lose their leaves: plants which blossom a little at a time: the heliotropium and the adiantum, the remedies derived from which will be mentioned in the following Book 356

61. The various kinds of eared plants: the stanyops; the alopecuros; the stelephurus, ortyx, or plantago; the thryallis 357

62. The perdicium. The ornithogale ib.

63. Plants which only make their appearance at the end of a year. Plants which begin to blossom at the top. Plants which begin to blossom at the lower part 358

64. The lappa, a plant which produces within itself. The opuntia, which throws out a root from the leaf ib.

65. The iasione. The chondrylla. The picris, which remains in flower the whole year through ib.

66. Plants in which the blossom makes its appearance before the stem. Plants in which the stem appears before the blossom. Plants which blossom three times in the year 359

67. The cypiros. The thesion ib.

68. The asphodel, or royal spear. The anthericus or albucus ib.

69. Six varieties of the rush: four remedies derived from the cypiros 361

70. The cyperos: fourteen remedies. The cyperis. The cypira 363

71. The holoschœnus 364

72. Ten remedies derived from the sweet-scented rush, or teuchites ib.

73. Remedies derived from the flowers before mentioned: thirty-two remedies derived from the rose ib.

74. Twenty-one remedies derived from the lily 366

75. Sixteen remedies derived from the narcissus 367

76. Seventeen remedies derived from the violet 368

77. Seventeen remedies derived from the bacchar. One remedy derived from the combretum ib.

78. Eight remedies derived from asarum 369

79. Eight remedies derived from gallic nard ib.

80. Four remedies derived from the plant called “phu” 370

81. Twenty remedies derived from saffron ib.

82. Syrian crocomagna: two remedies ib.

83. Forty-one remedies derived from the iris: two remedies derived from the saliunca 371

84. Eighteen remedies derived from the polium 372

85. Three remedies derived from the holochrysos. Six remedies derived from the chrysocome 373

86. Twenty-one remedies derived from the melissophyllum ib.

87. Thirteen remedies derived from the melilote 374

88. Four remedies derived from the trefoil ib.

89. Twenty-eight remedies derived from thyme 375

90. Four remedies derived from the hemerocalles 376

91. Five remedies derived from the helenium ib.

92. Twenty-two remedies derived from the abrotonum 377

93. One remedy derived from the leucanthemum. Nine remedies derived from the amaracus 378

94. Ten remedies derived from the anemone or phrenion 379

95. Six remedies derived from the œnanthe 380

96. Eleven remedies derived from the helichrysos ib.

97. Eight remedies derived from the hyacinth 381

98. Seven remedies derived from the lychnis ib.

99. Four remedies derived from the vincapervinca 382

100. Three remedies derived from butcher’s broom ib.

101. Two remedies derived from the batis ib.

102. Two remedies derived from the colocasia ib.

103. Six remedies derived from the anthyllium or anthyllum 383

104. Eight remedies derived from the parthenium, leucanthes, or amaracus ib.

105. Eight remedies derived from the trychnum or strychnum, halicacabum, callias, dorycnion, manicon, neuras, morio, or moly 384

106. Six remedies derived from the corchorus 386

107. Three remedies derived from the cnecos ib.

108. One remedy derived from the pesoluta ib.

109. An explanation of Greek terms relative to weights and measures ib.