BOOK VIII.. The Nature of the Terrestrial Animals.

THE NATURE OF THE TERRESTRIAL ANIMALS.

1. Elephants; their capacity 244

2. When elephants were first put into harness 245

3. The docility of the elephant 246

4. Wonderful things which have been done by the elephant 247

5. The instinct of wild animals in perceiving danger 248

6. When elephants were first seen in Italy 251

7. The combats of elephants 252

8. The way in which elephants are caught 255

9. The method by which they are tamed 256

10. The birth of the elephant, and other particulars respecting it 257

11. In what countries the elephant is found; the antipathy of the elephant and the dragon 259

12. The sagacity of these animals 260

13. Dragons 261

14. Serpents of remarkable size ib.

15. The animals of Scythia; the bison 262

16. The animals of the north; the elk, the achlis, and the bonasus 263

17. Lions; how they are produced 264

18. The different species of lions 266

19. The peculiar character of the lion 267

20. Who it was that first introduced combats of lions at Rome, and who has brought together the greatest number of lions for that purpose 269

21. Wonderful feats performed by lions 270

22. A man recognized and saved by a dragon 273

23. Panthers 274

24. The decree of the Senate, and laws respecting African animals; who first brought them to Rome, and who brought the greatest number of them ib.

25. Tigers: when first seen at Rome; their nature 275

26. Camels; the different kinds 276

27. The cameleopard; when it was first seen at Rome 277

28. The chama, and the cepus ib.

29. The rhinoceros 278

30. The lynx, the sphinx, the crocotta, and the monkey ib.

31. The terrestrial animals of India 280

32. The animals of Æthiopia; a wild beast which kills with its eye 281

33. The serpents called basilisks 282

34. Wolves; the origin of the story of Versipellis ib.

35. Different kinds of serpents 284

36. The ichneumon 287

37. The crocodile ib.

38. The scincus 288

39. The hippopotamus 290

40. Who first exhibited the hippopotamus and the crocodile at Rome ib.

41. The medicinal remedies which have been borrowed from animals 291

42. Prognostics of danger derived from animals 294

43. Nations that have been exterminated by animals 295

44. The hyæna 296

45. The crocotta; the mantichora ib.

46. Wild asses 297

47. Beavers; amphibious animals; otters ib.

48. Bramble-frogs 298

49. The sea-calf; beavers; lizards ib.

50. Stags 299

51. The chameleon 302

52. Other animals which change colour; the tarandus, the lycaon, and the thos 304

53. The porcupine 305

54. Bears and their cubs ib.

55. The mice of Pontus and of the Alps 308

56. Hedgehogs ib.

57. The leontophonus, and the lynx 310

58. Badgers and squirrels ib.

59. Vipers and snails 311

60. Lizards 312

61. The qualities of the dog; examples of its attachment to its master; nations which have kept dogs for the purposes of war ib.

62. The generation of the dog 316

63. Remedies against canine madness ib.

64. The nature of the horse 317

65. The disposition of the horse; remarkable facts concerning chariot horses 319

66. The generation of the horse 320

67. Mares impregnated by the wind 322

68. The ass; its generation ib.

69. The nature of mules, and of other beasts of burden 324

70. Oxen; their generation 326

71. The Egyptian Apis 330

72. Sheep, and their propagation 331

73. The different kinds of wool, and their colours 333

74. Different kinds of cloth 336

75. The different shapes of sheep; the musmon 338

76. Goats, and their propagation 339

77. The hog 342

78. The wild boar; who was the first to establish parks for wild animals 344

79. Animals in a half-wild state 346

80. Apes 347

81. The different species of hares 348

82. Animals which are tamed in part only 350

83. Places in which certain animals are not to be found 352

84. Animals which injure strangers only, as also animals which injure the natives of the country only, and where they are found 353