Appendix D

THE EDINBURGH EXTRA-MURAL SCHOOL

The Edinburgh Extra-Mural classes are medical classes conducted by fully qualified and authorized lecturers other than the University professors. They prepare students primarily for the examinations of the Royal Colleges of Physicians and Surgeons, but their certificates are, as a matter of fact, accepted by many examining bodies. The history of the association of these classes with the University is—briefly—as follows:

In 1840 Professor Syme begged the Town Council of Edinburgh, who were then the recognized patrons of the University, to order the recognition of extra-mural classes, an argument for the innovation being “that one of the professors was so comparatively inefficient that many students, after paying his fee and obtaining his certificate of attendance, went to learn his subject elsewhere.” In 1842 the Town Council ordained that four Extra-Mural classes should be allowed to count for graduation,—the classes to be chosen by each student at his discretion. The Medical Faculty of the University refused to consent to this except on the condition that any student taking such classes should have a year added to his curriculum. The Town Council refused this condition, and the Senatus, supporting the Medical Faculty, referred the matter to the Court of Law. In 1850 judgment was given against the Senatus; they appealed to the Inner House, but the judgment was confirmed in 1852. An appeal was taken to the House of Lords, but again in 1854 the Town Council gained the day. In 1855 the regulations came into operation and have ever since remained in force.

APPENDIX E LETTER TO THE TIMES IN REPLY TO MRS. GARRETT ANDERSON

“TO THE EDITOR OF THE Times.

SIR,—I have only just seen the letter from Dr. Garrett Anderson which you published on the 5th inst., and I venture to beg that you will allow me to point out my reasons for thinking she has selected the very worst of all the alternatives suggested, when she advises Englishwomen to go abroad for medical education.

In the first place, I think that Dr. Anderson assumes greatly too much in supposing that all the Scotch Universities are permanently closed to women by the recent decision, especially when notice has already been given in Parliament that a Scotch member will, at the beginning of next Session, bring in a Bill to enable those Universities both to teach and examine female students. Even if no such Bill were announced, it would, I suppose, be open to every Scotch University at this moment to obtain the necessary powers merely by application for the sanction of the Queen in Council, as it was repeatedly stated, both by the defenders in the late suit and by those Judges who gave decisions in their favour, that it was merely the absence of Royal authority for recent changes which rendered those changes illegal. I think there is very good ground to hope that this course may be taken by one or more of the other Universities, even if Edinburgh is content to rest quietly under the imputations on her good faith which can hardly be effaced in any other way.

Even if the Scotch Universities are left out of the question, those of Cambridge and London may well be expected to move in a matter like the present; or it would hardly seem unreasonable to hope that some of the surplus revenues in Ireland might be applied in one way or other to the solution of the present difficulty.

I think, moreover, that Mrs. Anderson concedes very much more than has yet been proved when she states that the examining bodies, such as the Colleges of Physicians and Surgeons, ‘have the power to refuse to admit women to their examinations and qualifications.’ That they have the will to do so may, I fear, only be too probable, but it is at least a very open question whether such power does lie in their hands. I have been assured on very good authority that this is not the case, and at any rate I believe no decision to that effect has ever been given by a Court of Law. Certainly the primâ facie assumption would be the other way. The Medical Act of 1858 in no way excludes women from the profession, and two women are actually registered under its provisions. It is, therefore, hardly credible, that when all candidates are by the Act required to submit to certain examinations, the Examining Boards should at their option be able to turn away all applicants who are not of the male sex, no mention of any such power being contained in the Act itself; nor, I think, need we assume even a desire to exclude women on the part of all the Examining Boards until application has been made to each individually; and this has never, so far as I am aware, been done at present.

I trust, therefore, that I have shown that Mrs. Anderson’s advice that all Englishwomen desiring to study medicine should at once expatriate themselves is premature in the extreme; I hope further to show that it is moreover radically erroneous in principle. Even if it should ultimately be proved (as is at present by no means the case) that women cannot obtain official examination in this country, and therefore cannot enter their names on the Register, it would still, I think, be very far from certain that their best plan was to seek such examination abroad, seeing that after having spent years of labour and much money they would, as regards legal recognition, be exactly as far as ever from gaining their end. Mrs. Anderson says that they would at least obtain ‘what is denied them in their own country, a first-class medical education.’ If it were true that such an education could not be got without going abroad, there would, no doubt, be much force in this argument, but I submit that this is not the case. Without stopping to consider the alternatives brought forward by your correspondent herself—the establishment of a new school for women or the purchase of one of the existing hospital schools—either of which seems to me infinitely preferable, Mrs. Anderson quite overlooks the fact that at this moment medical classes of first-rate quality can be obtained in Edinburgh in the Extra-Mural school (many of whose lecturers stand much higher than the University professors in public estimation), and that with very little trouble a complete curriculum of medical study could be there arranged, without altering any of the existing conditions of affairs. The doors of the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary have also been thrown open to women, though under some restrictions, and excellent clinical instruction is given to them there by two of the best and most popular teachers in the city. Can any one doubt that when so much has been secured, and when every year promises increased facilities, it is infinitely better that Englishwomen should study medicine under the direction of their own countrymen, in their own language, and amid the social and hygienic conditions which will occur in their own future practice, rather than in a foreign land, from lecturers who teach in a strange language and in hospitals where all the arrangements and theories vary from those of this country, and where even the types of disease may be so far modified as greatly to lessen the value of the instruction for those who intend to practise medicine in Great Britain?

Footnote 166:

S. J.-B. was thinking mainly of Dr. Heron Watson and Dr. G. W. Balfour.

In point of fact, the question of medical education in this country may be already considered solved, even if we grant the necessity of attending lectures on every subject in the medical curriculum. It is, however, worth remark that many of the very first men in the profession are becoming more and more strongly in favour of free trade in study—i.e., of allowing every student to obtain his knowledge as he pleases, whether from books or from lectures, requiring only final evidence of satisfactory results. It may be that on investigation the present system will be found to rest rather on the ‘vested interests’ of teachers than on the needs of students, and, if so, the question of medical education for women will be still further simplified. At present, however, it is not needful to argue that question. I have shown that provision for the education of women after the present fashion is to a great extent already made, and that, for purposes of instruction at least, it is quite unnecessary for them to expatriate themselves.

With regard to examination, the case seems to me equally clear. No foreign diploma or degree is at present acknowledged as qualifying for registration in this country, and though it may be well for those who covet such ornamental honours to go through the examinations requisite to obtain them, I cannot see any ground on which it would be worth the while of most Englishwomen to live for years abroad to arrive at a result so eminently unpractical. We live under English law, and to English law we must conform, so far as lies in our power; if we are arbitrarily precluded from such compliance it is to the English Government that we must look for a remedy. I can imagine few things that would please our opponents better than to see one Englishwoman after another driven out of her own country to obtain medical education abroad, both because they know that, on her return after years of labour, she can claim no legal recognition whatever, and because they are equally certain that, so long as no means of education are provided at home, only a very small number of women will ever seek admission to the profession. I do not say that a woman may not be justified in going abroad for education if her circumstances make it imperative that she should as soon as possible enter upon medical practice; but I do say, and I most firmly believe, that every woman who consents to be thus exiled does more harm than can easily be calculated to the general cause of medical women in this country, and postpones indefinitely, so far as in her lies, the final and satisfactory solution of the whole question.

It is not an easy thing to remember at all times that

‘They also serve who only stand and wait’;

but I do believe profoundly that at this moment the very best service we can do to the cause in which we are all interested is to make use of every opportunity open to us in this country to qualify ourselves as thoroughly as possible for the profession we have chosen, and then (refusing resolutely to be driven into byways or unauthorized measures) to demand, quietly but firmly, that provision for our ultimate recognition as medical practitioners which we have a right to expect at the hands of the Legislature. Mrs. Anderson seems to think it hopeless that the present Parliament should ‘promote the interests of an unrepresented class,’ but it must be remembered that one of the very strongest arguments against granting the franchise to women has always been that their substantial interests are and will be provided for by the existing Government, and a case like the present will certainly afford a crucial test of the truth of these assertions. If they be true, we cannot doubt that Parliament will in its next Session make full provision for a case of such almost unexampled hardship; and if, on the other hand, this be not done, the argument above referred to can hardly be again brought forward when the suffrage for women shall again be claimed.

Let me, therefore, conclude, as I began, by protesting as strongly as lies in my power against this idea of sending abroad every Englishwoman who wishes to study medicine; let me entreat all such women to join the class already formed in Edinburgh, the great majority of whose members are thoroughly of one mind with me in this matter, and who, having counted the cost, are, like myself, thoroughly resolved to ‘fight it out on this line,’ and neither to be driven out of our own country for education nor to be induced to cease to make every effort in our power to obtain from the Legislature that measure of justice which we imperatively need, and which is, in point of fact, substantially implied in the provisions of the Medical Act of 1858.

I am, Sir, yours obediently, SOPHIA JEX-BLAKE.

15, Buccleuch-place, Edinburgh. Aug. 8.”

APPENDIX F LETTER FROM THE PRINCIPAL OF EDINBURGH UNIVERSITY, AND S. J.-B.’S REPLY

LADY STUDENTS AT EDINBURGH

TO THE EDITOR OF THE Times.

SIR,—In your article on the medical education of women, under date the 23rd inst., you give utterance to reproaches against the University of Edinburgh, which appear to me to be undeserved, and which I feel sure you would not have admitted had the full circumstances of the case been before you. May I be allowed as briefly as possible to indicate what seems to me to be a correct view of those circumstances? You say:

“It was next thought that an opening for female medical students might be found or made at the University of Edinburgh, and a few were for a time actually received there. The Professors, however, were greatly divided upon the question, and those who were opposed to the necessary concessions threw every possible difficulty in the way of those who wished to make them. After much quarrelling and litigation, and after transactions which reflected very little credit on the University, a legal decision adverse to the ladies was finally given by a bare majority of Scottish Judges, and will remain binding unless carried by appeal to the House of Lords. Under these circumstances the ladies were placed in a position of great hardship and difficulty.”

I acknowledge and regret the hardship and difficulty of the position in which the ladies referred to have been placed; but this is owing to the state of the law of the land as interpreted by the Court of Session, and not to any discreditable transactions on the part of the University. I admit the manifestation, during the history of this question, of a partisan feeling both for and against the medical ladies, to some extent within the University itself, but far more in the outside public of Edinburgh; but I confidently assert that the main body of the Professors were not partisans on either side, and that the general feeling was a desire to give facilities for medical study to women, so far as this could be done consistently with the maintenance of academical good order. Again, it must be remembered that the Professors do not constitute or govern the University. The governing body is the University Court, consisting of eight members (of whom only one is a Professor), headed at present by Sir William Stirling Maxwell, as rector. I utterly deny the appearance of any unworthy feeling in the way in which this Court dealt with the questions relating to female medical education which came before it.

The University was solicited in 1869 to admit ladies, as an experiment, to the lectures of Medical Professors. There was a certain amount of opposition to this request, but the feeling of the majority in each of the constitutive bodies of the University was in favour of conceding under necessary restrictions what was asked. In one of the debates on the subject it was indeed suggested that such a concession should not be made without clearly ascertaining beforehand whether we had the power of ultimately conferring degrees upon women, should it be found on experiment that they succeeded in completing their medical curriculum and in passing the examinations. But such a delay was deprecated by the supporters of the application; it was urged that such an inquiry would be premature, as what was asked for the present was only that trial might be made of ladies in the capacity of medical students. I need hardly point out that these representations were dictated by the policy of “getting in the thin end of the wedge.” And far better for all parties, more prudent, and more consistent with the dignity of the University, would it have been, had we resisted this policy, and refused to take any step before endeavouring to ascertain our powers in respect of the graduation of women. But the University Court yielded to an impulse of liberality, and proceeded at once to frame regulations forbidding mixed classes, but permitting any professor of medicine to hold separate classes for the medical instruction of women. The applicants appeared satisfied with what was done for them; and I must say that it would then have been in their power to ascertain beforehand how many of the Professors were prepared to institute classes for them. The ladies must not now throw on the University all the blame of their disappointment, for they were not without sufficient warning that only a limited number of such classes, far short of a full curriculum, would be provided for them. The regulations said not a word of graduation or of a full course of study; they were merely permissive, and, as had been requested, tentative. But the ladies preferred to enter at once upon such lectures as they could get, trusting, apparently, to the chapter of accidents. To several of the Medical Professors it would have been impossible to open full course lectures for ladies, in addition to their ordinary duties. Some had already on hand the teaching of more than 300 students, not only by lectures, but also by daily demonstrations for many hours in the laboratory or dissecting-room. Others had extensive and important medical practice to attend to, being sought out by patients from all parts of the country. Altogether three of the Medical Professors opened classes for ladies, and of these one has had his health seriously broken down by the labour, and the two others have both declared that the burden of such extra duty was more than they could continue to bear.

Under these circumstances, the medical ladies applied that substitutes might be appointed to lecture to them in the place of such Professors as might be unable, or unwilling, to give them instruction. Now, for the first time, the University determined to seek legal advice. An impartial statement of the case was drawn up and submitted to the Solicitor-General for Scotland, with the question whether such measures as the ladies now asked were within the competency of the University? The opinion of the Solicitor- General was very strongly given, and went even beyond the exact point inquired on; it was to the effect that any step tending towards the graduation of women would be beyond the powers of the University. This opinion paralyzed the action of the University. The University Court informed the ladies, on further application from them, that it was debarred by this opinion from promoting their graduation until the legality of such graduation could be established, but it offered to make, in the meantime, arrangements for their full medical instruction, and it was suggested to the friends of the ladies that an amicable suit should be instituted with a view of ascertaining the law. These offers were rejected, and a suit was brought by the ladies against the Chancellor and Professors of the University, which has terminated, thus far, in a judgment that it is not within the powers of the University to confer a degree upon a woman.

This, Sir, is in brief the history of an unhappy affair, in which the University certainly made the mistake of consenting to an experimental arrangement which was strongly urged upon them, and for this it has been most severely punished. But I doubt if there is anything in what has occurred which can be called a “transaction reflecting little credit on the University,” with one exception— namely, that on one occasion some of the students misbehaved themselves and insulted the medical ladies. But I must say that this lamentable occurrence was occasioned by those ladies having transgressed the regulations of the University Court, and having joined a mixed class in anatomy under an extra academical lecturer. This outraged the feeling or prejudices of the students.

In conclusion, Sir, I sincerely sympathize in the earnest appeal made by Miss Jex-Blake, in the very able letter which forms the subject of your article, to the Legislature to take up the consideration of the medical education of women. It is a subject well worthy the attention of the Legislature, and one which can only be properly dealt with, as a general social subject, by the Legislature. Whether or not an University is a suitable institution for the medical instruction and examination of women is a wide question on which I will not venture to enter. But, however this be decided, all other Universities of the United Kingdom must share in the decision of the University of Edinburgh, and this University will loyally bear her part in carrying out whatever Parliament may ordain as expedient. In the meantime, under considerable obloquy, she can at all events claim to have contributed something in the way of experience to the elucidation of the question.

I am, Sir, your most obedient servant, A. GRANT, Principal.

August 27.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE Times.

SIR,—As Sir Alexander Grant, as representative of the University of Edinburgh, has thought fit to lay before your readers a statement respecting that University and its lady students which is, to use the mildest term, imperfect in the extreme, I trust to your justice to allow me to supplement his narrative with such additional facts as he has not thought it desirable to make public.

Sir Alexander states that in 1869 the University was “solicited to admit ladies as an experiment to the lectures of the medical professors,” and further on speaks of the regulations as being, “as was requested, tentative.” He implies that all that followed was in compliance with this request, the claim to graduation being altogether an afterthought on the part of the ladies. Now, the real fact is that in March, 1869, I personally did request admission to medical lectures on these terms, but though the application was granted by the Senatus it was refused by the University Court on the express ground of the inexpediency of making any such “temporary arrangement in the interest of one lady.” About three months later four other ladies joined me in making a new and altogether different application—viz., that the University “would sanction the matriculation of women as medical students, and their admission to the usual examinations, on the understanding that separate classes be formed for their instruction.” At the same time (June 21, 1869) I addressed a formal letter to the Lord Rector of the University urging the same proposal, and asking that, if separate classes could be formed, women should be “allowed to matriculate in the usual way, and to undergo the ordinary examinations, with a view to obtain medical degrees in due course.”

Our new proposal was successively submitted to all the different authorities of the University, and received the assent of all—viz., of the Medical Faculty, the Senatus Academicus, the University Court, the University Council, and the Chancellor—and, after five months of consultation and consideration, regulations were, in November, 1869, framed and issued “for the education of women in medicine in the University,” these regulations being henceforth incorporated in the official University Calendar. The first of these regulations states that “women shall be admitted to the study of medicine in the University”; in the fourth regulation exceptional provision is made for “women not intending to study medicine professionally”; and the sixth regulation ordains that “all women attending such classes shall be subject to all the regulations now or at any time in force in the University as to the matriculation of students, their attendance on classes, examination, or otherwise.”

As the decision by which a bare majority of the Scotch Judges absolved the University of Edinburgh from all responsibility towards its matriculated lady students rests on the assumption that the University Court exceeded its legal powers in passing the above regulations, it may be worth while to state that the University Court comprised at that time the then Lord Advocate of Scotland (who is now Lord Justice Clerk), and also the previous Lord Advocate, Mr. Gordon, and that the regulations in question were confirmed by the Chancellor, who happens to be, as Lord Justice General of Scotland, the highest legal authority in the country. It is certainly a tolerably striking instance of the “glorious uncertainty of the law,” that the two highest Judges in the land should concur in an action which is subsequently declared by a majority of their brethren to be illegal.

Sir Alexander further goes on to suggest that we might have ascertained beforehand how many of the Professors would be willing to hold separate classes for our benefit. The answer to this is twofold. In the first place, no less than four of the medical Professors have been changed since my first application was made, and in every case the change has, as regards our interests, been for the worse. One of those Professors whose loss we have most to deplore is Sir James Simpson, whose generous liberality made him always ready to espouse the weaker cause, and whose strong sense of justice would have made him always our strenuous supporter in the councils of the University. Had he been spared, it is, indeed, more than possible that the whole history of the past four years would have been different. On these losses it was impossible for us to calculate; nor could we (before we learnt the full bitterness of professional rancour) have foreseen that those Professors who were themselves unable or unwilling to teach us would absolutely refuse their assent to every one of the alternative measures by which others might have been enabled to give us the necessary instructions. It is hardly necessary to allude to your correspondent’s rather apocryphal statement that the stupendous labour of giving two lectures a day (which is habitually undergone by Professors in the Arts Faculty) has ruined the health of one medical Professor and seriously endangered that of two more. Suffice it to say that these facts are, to say the least of it, quite new to me, and that, did space permit, I think a very different version of the circumstances might be given.

As Sir Alexander has thought fit to refer to the students’ riot in November, 1871 (though to my mind it is very far from the most discreditable episode in this history), I think it right distinctly to deny the interpretation he puts upon the event. It is true that the riot did occur while we were attending an extra-mural class of anatomy (we having utterly failed to obtain a private class, though we had offered a fee of a hundred and fifty guineas for one), but the rioters were, with few exceptions, not our fellow-students at all, but a mob of University students who had been summoned together by a missive circulated in the University class-rooms. The real truth was that the riot was deliberately got up simply and solely in the hope of frightening certain friendly infirmary managers from admitting us to their wards, and perhaps also of frightening us by showers of foul words and of street mud from pursuing our studies any further. Fortunately, the chivalrous device was not permanently successful in either direction.

I pass on, however, to notice the statements made respecting the recent lawsuit and the events immediately preceding it. Sir Alexander says that when the University “for the first time sought legal advice” the authorities obtained an opinion adverse to the ladies’ claims from the Solicitor-General. As that opinion has never been published, there is no opportunity for its discussion; but Sir Alexander appears entirely to forget the fact that an opinion to the exactly contrary effect was delivered by the Lord Advocate of Scotland, who takes official precedence of the Solicitor-General, and that that opinion was not only submitted to the University Court, but published more than once in the newspapers and elsewhere. In that opinion the Lord Advocate stated distinctly that he believed the University to be not only able, but distinctly bound, to complete the education of those ladies whom it had invited to matriculate, and that all necessary arrangements for that purpose could legally be made. It will thus be seen that the above opinions at any rate neutralized each other, and that, had the University willed it otherwise, it certainly need not have been “paralyzed” by one of them.

It is further stated that the University Court informed the ladies that, by the opinion above referred to, “it was debarred from promoting their graduation until the legality of such graduation could be established, but it offered to make, in the meantime, arrangements for their full medical instruction”; and, further, that such offer was rejected by the ladies. Both these statements, Sir, I distinctly deny. I have at this moment the whole correspondence before me, and I fail utterly to find in it any such offer as that alleged. The only thing that in any degree gives colour to Sir Alexander’s assertion is a passage occurring in a Minute of the University Court of January 8, 1872, which is as follows:

“The Court are of opinion that the question under reference has been complicated by the introduction of the subject of graduation, which is not essential to the completion of a medical or other education.... If the applicants in the present case would be content to seek the examination of women by the University for certificates of proficiency in medicine, instead of University degrees, the Court believe that arrangements for accomplishing this object would fall within the scope of the powers given to them by section 12 of the Universities (Scotland) Act. The Court would be willing to consider any such arrangements which might be submitted to them.”

On receiving a copy of this Minute I pointed out that certificates of proficiency, not being recognized by the Medical Act of 1858, would be quite useless to us; but added that, “As the main difficulty before your honourable Court seems to be that regarding graduation, with which we are not immediately concerned at this moment, we are quite willing to rest our claims to ultimate graduation on the facts as they stand up to the present date, and in case your honourable Court will now make arrangements whereby we can continue our education, we will undertake not to draw any arguments in favour of our right to graduation from such future arrangements, so that they may at least be made without prejudice to the present legal position of the University.”

In answer to this letter I was informed that “If the names of extra- academical teachers of the required medical subjects be submitted by yourself or by the Senatus, the Court will be prepared to consider the respective fitness of the persons so named to be authorized to hold medical classes for women who have in this or former sessions been matriculated students of the University, and also the conditions and regulations under which such classes should be held.”

I, of course, replied that we would willingly prepare and submit such a list (though your readers will notice that this simply amounted to all the arrangements being thrown upon us students, and not in any degree made by the Court), but requested first to be assured that, “though you at present give us no pledge respecting our ultimate graduation, it is your intention to consider the proposed extra-mural courses as ‘qualifying’ for graduation, if it is subsequently determined that the University has the power of granting degrees to women.” In reply I was informed that the Court would do nothing of the kind; that we might, if we pleased, take all the trouble and expense of finding teachers, and might “submit” their names to the Court, but that in no case would the Court take any measures for making their teaching of any practical use to us from a University point of view. Your readers will therefore judge of what value was the boon that we are alleged to have rejected—I had almost said the trap that we were fortunate enough to have escaped!

I am sorry to have paused so long over this point, but the assertion of your correspondent was so amazing that it seemed essential that the real facts should be laid before the public. I should be only too glad if your space would allow you to publish the whole correspondence, of which I forward a copy for your own perusal. Should any of your readers desire, however, to ascertain more of the facts, they will find the correspondence fully given in the notes to a little book called Medical Women, published last year by Oliphant & Co., of Edinburgh, to which also I may refer for a detailed account of the whole struggle of the first three years at Edinburgh.

I notice that Sir Alexander Grant thinks it well to omit the fact that, when we were at last driven to assert our rights in a court of law (and I may remark that no proposal for an “amicable suit” was ever made to me or to any of my fellow-students by the University authorities, and therefore none was ever “rejected” by us), an unhesitating decision in our favour was given by the Lord Ordinary, before whom the case was tried, his Lordship also finding the Senatus liable for three-fourths of our expenses. The University refused, however, to accept this verdict, and appealed the case to the Inner House, where they at length succeeded in obtaining a judgment in their favour from a bare majority of the Lords of Session, the whole costs being in this case thrown upon us. Perhaps you will kindly allow me, however, to quote the following passage from the judgment of the Lord Justice Clerk, who adhered to the decision of the Lord Ordinary, and who had himself been Rector of the University when we were admitted as students. ... I may mention that an abstract of the whole recent lawsuit has been published as a sixpenny pamphlet, and may be obtained from Mr. Elliott, 67 Princes Street, Edinburgh.

Apologizing for so large a trespass on your space,

I remain, yours obediently, SOPHIA JEX-BLAKE.

Footnote 167:

The passage has already been quoted, pp. 396-7.

APPENDIX G PERMANENT MEMORIALS OF SOPHIA JEX-BLAKE

In St. Giles’ Cathedral, Edinburgh,—a brass tablet placed by the Very Rev. T. W. Jex-Blake:

“Sacred to the Memory of Sophia Jex-Blake, M.D., by whose energy, courage, self-sacrifice and perseverance the Science of Medicine and the Art of Healing were opened to Women in Scotland.”

In the Edinburgh Hospital for Women and Children, placed by the Committee and friends,—a medallion of cast bronze mounted on a slab of verde-antique marble: on the medallion, surrounded by a wreath of laurel, the family crest and motto:

Bene praeparatum pectus.

And below this the inscription:

“In affectionate remembrance of Sophia Jex-Blake, Founder of this Hospital, to whose large courage, insight and constancy the admission of Women to the Profession of Medicine in this Country is mainly due.”

On the family monument at Ovingdean, near Brighton:

SOPHIA LOUISA, YOUNGEST CHILD OF THOMAS JEX-BLAKE, AND MARIA EMILY, HIS WIFE. DOCTOR OF MEDICINE, FOUNDER IN 1874 OF THE LONDON SCHOOL OF MEDICINE FOR WOMEN, AND IN 1888 OF A SIMILAR SCHOOL IN EDINBURGH, WHERE SHE ALSO FOUNDED A HOSPITAL FOR WOMEN AND CHILDREN IN 1886.

“Bear ye one another’s burdens, and so fulfil the law of Christ.”

In Rotherfield Churchyard, where her body was laid,—a grey granite cross, bearing the words:

SOPHIA JEX-BLAKE, M.D. BORN 21ST JANUARY, 1840. DIED 7TH JANUARY 1912.

“Then are they glad because they are at rest, and so He bringeth them unto the haven where they would be.”

INDEX

Aberdare, Lord, 404, 427, 433, 443 (footnote), 466, 507.

Aberdeen University, 226, 413.

Act, Russell Gurney Enabling. See Table of Contents.

Action of Declarator, Part II. Chap. XIII.

Advocate, The Boston, 191.

Aids to Faith, 108, 109.

Aitken, Dr., 500.

“A. K. H. B.” See Rev. A. K. H. Boyd.

“Alice,” 88, 105, 106, 107, 168, 185, 204, 205, 207, 230, 258, 421, 461.

Allman, Professor, 257, 258, 276, 337.

Amberley, Viscountess, 279.

America, Life in. See Table of Contents.

Anderson, M.D., Mrs. Garrett (Miss Elizabeth Garrett), 117, 118, 119, 120, 155, 187, 200, 205, 232, 233, 279, 362, 364, 368, 369, 400, 401, 420, 423, 424, 425, 426, 433, 441, 444 (letter from), 447, 449, 466, 467, 473 (letter from), 524.

Anderson, Miss Mary D. See Mrs. Marshall, M.D.

Andrews, Miss Amelia, 56, 57.

Anstie, Dr. F. E., 402, 421, 425, 427; letters from: 374, 419, 420.

Anthony, Miss, 477.

Anstruther, Sir Robert, 360, 403. Lady, 360.

Atlantic House, 193, 194.

Antioch (at Yellow Springs in Ohio), 168.

Apothecaries’ Hall of Ireland, 395. Society of London, 395.

Ardmillan, Lord, 392.

Arthur of Barshaw, Mrs., 514.

Athenaeum, The, 188.

Atkins, Dr. Louisa, 431, 439, 447.

Ayrton, M.D., Mrs. Chaplin, 263, 289, 336, 341, 377.

A Visit to some American Schools and Colleges, Part I. Chap. XIII., 188, 228, 479.

B., Miss, 12, 17, 18, 20, 21, 24, 36.

Bain, Miss Isabel (Mrs. James Brander), 159, 160, 172, 478, 506.

Balfour, Dr. G. W., 289, 349, 425, 427, 459, 498, 504, 508, 525. Professor J. H., 118, 228-9, 235, 237, 240, 241, 248, 258, 272, 276, 333, 334, 336, 337, 358.

Ballantyne, Mrs. See Lady Jenkinson. Miss K., 480.

Barker, Dr. Annie, 279.

Barlow, Sir Thomas, 460, 483.

Baynes, Professor, 394.

Beaconsfield, Lord. See Disraeli.

Beattie, Mrs., 516.

Bedford College, 107.

Begbie, James, 107, 117, 118, 229, 233, 239, 240.

Beilby, Lady, 525. Miss Winifred (Mrs. Frederick Soddy), 525.

Bell, Dr., 311.

Bellevue Hospital, 199.

Bennet, Dr. Henry, 280-1 (letter from).

Bennett, Professor Hughes, 236, 237, 241, 258, 273, 279, 289, 361, 425.

Benson, Miss Ada, 62, 63, 84, 362. Henry, 62.

Bernerhof, 436.

Berne University, 436.

Bettws-y-Coed, 45, 60, 86-7, 120, 127, 198, 485.

Biblical Criticism, S. J.-B.’s views on, 142-4.

Billing, Dr. A. (father of the profession), 444, 445.

Birmingham University, 392.

Birrell, Professor, 394.

Black, Miss Janet, 498.

Blackie, Professor J. S., 239, 241, 301, 302, 303. Mrs., 239, 510; letters from: 302-3, 346.

Blackwell, Dr. Elizabeth, 199, 200, 204, 205, 207, 264 (letter from), 267, 356-7 (letter from S. J.-B.), 362, 364, 367, 368, 369, 425, 493. Dr. Emily, 199, 204, 205, 206, 233.

Blackwood’s Magazine, 435.

Blake-Humfrey, family, 59, 60. Mr. Robert, 59.

Blyth, Miss Phoebe, 107, 239, 390, 510.

Bologna University, 221, 239, 240, 241, 358, 370.

Bonney, Dr., 220, 221.

Bordighera, 521-3.

Bosnia, Miss Irby’s work in, 402.

Boston Daily Advertiser, 190.

Boucherett, Miss, 91.

Bovell, Dr. Emily (Mrs. Sturge), 279, 377.

Boyd, Rev. A. K. H., 374.

Brander, Mrs., 479. Mrs. James. See Miss Isabel Bain.

British Medical Association, 524, 528.

British Medical Journal, 233, 259, 270, 271.

British Museum, 239, 240, 358.

Brompton Hospital, 438, 439, 456.

Brontë, Charlotte, 133, 139, 237.

Brown, Professor Crum, 268, 269, 270, 273, 335, 382, 418. Mrs. Helen, 510. Rev. Olympia, 178.

Brown-Séquard, Professor, 191.

Buchan, Dowager Countess of, 335, 362.

Burke and Hare, 497.

Burn Murdoch, Mr. John, 118, 229.

Burn Murdoch, Mrs., 106, 110, 112, 118-9, 133, 151, 229, 240, 262.

Burton, Miss Mary, 510.

Buss, Miss, 480.

Bussaco, The Sacred Forest of, 531.

Bute, The Marquis of, 500. Marchioness of, 524.

Butler, Rev. Canon, 364, 365. Mrs. Josephine, 218, 219, 221, 223, 256, 266; letters from: 226, 253-4, 364-5.

Cabot, Dr., 224, 247.

Caird, Professor Edward, 413. Rev. John, Principal, 413.

Calderwood, Rev. Professor, 239, 273, 302, 310, 320, 346, 361, 509. Mrs., 510.

Call, Dr. Emma, 199, 379.

Cambridge University, 219, 220, 221, 224-5, 226, 342-3.

Cameron, M.P., Dr., 410, 411, 412-3 (letter from), 467.

Campbell, Professor Lewis, 354, 355, 362, 394, 427. Mrs., 354, 355. Lady Victoria, 524.

Cancer Hospital, The, 456.

Candlish, Rev. Dr., 109.

Cardwell, Lord, 445.

Care of Infants, The, 491.

Carlingford, Lord, 492.

Carlyle, Thomas, 161.

Cathcart, F.R.C.S., Mr. C. W., 460 (footnote), 536.

Chambers, Dr. King, 255, 256 (letter from), 395, 421, 430, 431, 442, 460, 464, 472, 493. William, Lord Provost of Edinburgh, 244.

Chaplain, S. J.-B. as, 173, 174, 175, 176-7.

Chaplin, Miss. See Mrs. Chaplin Ayrton, M.D.

Charteris, Rev. Professor, 273, 300, 321, 361, 493.

Children’s Hospital, 456.

Christian World, The, 363.

Christison, Professor, Sir Robert, 229, 235, 236, 237, 240, 241, 242, 245, 249, 258, 273, 286, 299, 311, 315, 318, 331, 335, 337, 345, 418, 449, 508.

——’s Assistant, 299, 306, 307, 308, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315.

Church Review, The, 298 (and footnote).

Cives Academiae Edinensis, 264.

Clark, Dr. Ann, 436, 437, 438, 536 (footnote).

Clouston, Dr. (Sir Thomas), 460, 486, 526.

Cobbe, Miss Frances Power, 152 (letter from), 158, 171, 178, 243, 266, 320.

Colenso, Bishop, 141, 142, 145, 146.

Colston, Treasurer, 320.

Commune, The, 326.

Contemporary Review, The, 442.

Cordery, Miss Bertha. See Mrs. S. R. Gardiner. Miss Emma, 66, 153, 155, 528. Miss Henrietta. See Mrs. T. W. Jex-Blake. James, 66, 473, 528. Family, 66, 83, 252, 389, 421.

Courant, The Edinburgh, 291. Evening, 312, 315.

Cowan, Lord Provost of Edinburgh, 389.

Cowell, Dr., 419.

Cowper Temple, M.P., W. (Lord Mount Temple), 409 (letter and telegram from), 410-411 (letter from), 412, 414, 429, 430, 433, 434, 467.

Coxe, M.D., Sir James, 300.

Craig, Miss Agnes, 510.

Craik, Mrs., 55.

Craufurd, Professor, 241, 258, 273, 360.

Critchett, F.R.C.S., George, 431, 432.

Crocker, Miss, 163.

Cropper, James, 504.

Crudelius, Mrs., 106.

Cubitt, Miss Henrietta (Mrs. Orr), 106. Miss Jane, 37, 38, 366. Maria Emily. See Mrs. Jex-Blake. Mrs. P., 151. Thomas of Honing Hall, 2. family, 59.

Dahms, Dr. Anna, 335, 377.

Daily News, The, 421-2, 443.

Daily Review, The Edinburgh, 119, 236, 263, 293, 294.

Davies, Miss Emily, 118, 219.

Deas, Lord, 392.

De Dreux, Miss, 107, 108, 124.

Degrees, American, 189, 190, 322.

Derby, Hasket, 192.

Dimock, Dr. Susan, 190 (and footnote), 191.

Disraeli, Benjamin, 407, 408, 409, 412.

Dispenser, S. J.-B. as, 173.

Dispensary, S. J.-B.’s, 459, 460, 461, 462, 468, 486, 487, 495, 494.

Driving Tours, Part III. Chap. VI.

Dublin University, 226.

Duggan, Rev. Father, 529-30.

Dunham, Great, 59, 63.

Du Pre, Miss Ursula, 221-3, 229, 230 (and footnote), 242, 247, 252, 262, 279, 287, 295 (letter), 328, 329, 351, 362, 386-7 (letter), 433, 437, 463, 464, 467, 468, 471, 472, 476-8 (letters to), 481, 482, 486, 489, 490, 495, 497, 507, 509 (letter to), 516, 528.

Durham University, 392-4.

Edinburgh Extra-Mural School, 276-9, 285, 286, 330, 331, 491, 492, 496. Appendix D.

Edinburgh, First visit to, Part I. Chap. IX.

Edinburgh Hospital for Women and Children, 476 (footnote), 487.

Edinburgh Royal Colleges of Physicians and Surgeons, 309, 330, 395, 491, 492.

Edinburgh Royal Infirmary. See Table of Contents.

Edinburgh School of Medicine for Women, 496-502, 504, 507, 508.

Edinburgh University. See Table of Contents.

Edington, Mrs., 510. Miss, 510.

Eggishorn, The, 375.

Ellaby, Dr. Charlotte, 474.

Eliott-Lockhart, Miss C. H., 508, 528.

Emerson, Edith, 166. Edward, 166. Ellen, 166. R. W., 161, 161-2 (letter from), 166-7. Mrs., 166-7.

Employment of Women, Society for the, 81.

Enabling Bill (Cowper Temple, i.e. Bill “to remove doubts”), 403, 404, 410; (Russell Gurney), 434.

Englishwoman’s Year Book, 494.

“Englishwomen’s Educational Union,” 125, 127.

Essays and Reviews, 109.

Evans, Mrs. De Lacy. See Mrs. Russel. Miss M. J. (Mrs. Heath), 60, 70, 73, 82, 151. family, 59, 61.

Fawcett, Rt. Hon. Henry, 479.

Findlay, J. R., 233, 262, 320.

Fitch, J., 464.

Foreign Degrees Bill, 429, 433.

Forsyth, —, Q.C., M.P., 433.

Forster, Rt. Hon. W. E., 404.

Fortingal, 516.

Foster, Mrs. A. B., 510.

Fortnightly Review, The, 293, 429.

Fraser, Professor Alexander, 234, 240.

Fraser, Sherriff Patrick, 33, 332, 334, 335, 358.

Galloway, LL.D., Miss Janet, 501.

Gamgee, Dr. Arthur, 278.

Gardiner, Professor S. R., 531. Mrs., 66, 431, 490, 503, 528, 531.

Garrett, Miss Elizabeth. See Mrs. Garrett Anderson.

Gaskell, Mrs., 154.

Geddes, Mrs., 510.

George Eliot, 455.

Gifford, Lord Ordinary, Chap. XIV. passim, 377, 379, 381, 391, 392, 403.

Gilbert, Thomas, 310, 332, 333.

Gladstone, Rt. Hon. W. E., 405, 409, 465.

Glasgow Herald, The, 315.

Glasgow Mail, 412.

Glasgow University, 221, 226, 246, 413.

Glencorse, Lord. See Inglis.

Gordon (Lord Advocate), 249, 287, 412.

Goschen, G. J. (First Viscount), 252.

Göttingen, 124-6, 132.

Gover, Mrs., 27.

Grand Ducal Institute, 126-8, Chap. XI. passim.

Grant, Sir Alexander, 235, 241, 244, 247, 249, 250, 252, 258, 279, 335, 401, Appendix F. Lady, 235, 236.

Granville, Earl, 444.

Greig, David, 320.

Grévy, President, 325.

Grote, George, 47.

Guardian, The, 158, 274.

Gull, Sir William, 444.

Gunton, Rev. Thomas, 323. Mrs., 323, 513.

Gurney, Mr. Russell, 405, 406, 407 (letter from), 409, 410, 411, 429, 434.

Guthrie, Rev. Dr., 109, 344, 346.

Handyside, Dr. P. D., 278, 279, 285, 287-9 (letter from), 291, 292, 298.

Harris, Miss Mary, 90, 101.

Hayden, Dr., 439.

Harvard University, 168, 171, 191, 192, 195, 196, 199, 204, 206, 239.

Heath, Mrs. See Miss M. J. Evans.

Heaton, Miss Martha (Mrs. Hilhouse), 84.

Henderson, Professor, 235, 237.

Heywood, Mr., 444.

Hidber, Professor, 438.

Hill, Miss Miranda, 90, 101, 105, 125, 344, 362. Miss Octavia, 84-94, 96, 98, 99, 101, 108, 110, 112, 116, 125, 133, 181, 199, 238, 258, 266, 468, 538.

Hill, Mrs., 87, 89, 92.

Hill, Mrs. A. R., 510. Dr., President of Harvard, 168, 171, 190-1.

Hill Burton, Mrs., 320.

Hillsdale College, 168, 171.

Hoare, Miss Elizabeth, 161.

Hodgson, Professor William B., 361, 399 (letter from), 400, 401, 402. Mrs., 510.

Hoggan, Dr., 292, 346.

Holmes, Dr. Oliver Wendell, 191.

Honing Hall, 2, 60, 151.

Hope, Dr., 269.

Hope Scholarship, 269, 295, 317, 418.

Hope of Drylaw, Mrs., 320.

Hopgood, James, 442, 443. Mrs., 442.

Houghton, Lord, 402.

Hughes, Miss. See “Alice.”

Hughes, Thomas, 405.

Humphry, M.D., Sir George, 220.

Huxley, T. H., 383, 384, 416, 418.

Hubbard, Miss Louisa, 402, 494.

Hutton, R. H., 444.

Inglis, Chancellor, Lord Glencorse, Lord Justice General of Scotland, 240, 260, 269, 332, 396.

Innes, Professor Cosmo, 239, 240, 361.

Irby, Miss Pauline, 402, 421, 422, 432, 433, 461-2, 465, 495, 498.

“Irish Brigade,” 292, 293, 294.

Irish University, 435.

Irving, Sir Henry, 458.

Jack, Professor, 315.

Jagannadham, Dr. Annie, 504.

James, Professor William, 531.

Jane Eyre, 108, 111, 113.

Jenkin, Professor Fleeming, 239, 241, 271 (letter from), 359, 360, 361.

Jenkinson, Lady (Mrs. Ballantyne), 151, 159, 180, 229, 247, 258, 481, 487, 528.

Jenner, Sir William, 445.

Jenny Geddes, 297 (footnote).

Jerviswoode, Lord, 348, 392.

Jessel, Rt. Hon. Sir G., 444.

Jex-Blake, Thomas, 1-17, 20, 21, 28, 29, 30, 37, 41, 45, 48, 50, 52, 59, 63, 66, 67, 74, 88, 91, 108, 122, 140, 146, 148, 150, 158, 159, 160, 177, 194, 202, 203, 205, 207, 208, 213, 283, 389, 464. Letters from: 15, 26, 30, 35-6, 39-41, 67-8, 70-1, 72, 79, 88-9, 112, 185-6, 252-3, 385-6. Letters to: 19, 20, 22-3, 36-7, 68-70, 71-2.

Jex-Blake, Mrs., 1, 2, 3, 9, 11, 13, 14, 16, 17, 19, 21, 28, 29, 31, 32, 37, 39, 42, 50, 51, 52, 54, 56, 58, 59, 65, 66, 70, 74, 81, 82, 85, 88, 91, 93, 96, 108, 110, 111, 113, 120, 124, 135, 137, 139, 140, 147, 148, 158, 168, 180, 182, 185, 187, 201, 208, 213, 214, 217, 219, 224, 226, 237, 238, 239, 255, 265, 267, 279, 306, 310, 323, 365, 366, 389, 391, 407, 421, 423, 439, 445, 456, 470, 471, 472, 473, 474, 475, 518. Letters from: 4-5, 13-4, 15, 16, 25, 30, 35, 41, 43, 44, 45, 73, 89, 111, 112, 113, 121, 134, 137, 138, 139-40, 145-6, 159-60, 185, 279, 309, 310, 342, 363, 375, 384-5, 391, 438, 440, 471. Letters to: 5, 6, 19, 24, 47, 48, 81, 86-7, 97-8, 114-5, 121, 121-4, 129-30, 131, 141-5, 163, 164-6, 172-5, 176-7, 184, 193- 4, 194-5, 197-8, 200-1, 203, 204-7, 365-6, 380, 459-60, 471.

Jex-Blake, Very Rev. T. W., 1, 4, 14, 16, 28, 45, 66, 69, 71, 185, 202, 208, 219, 229, 240, 316, 320, 405, 417, 438, 457, 513. Letters from: 169-70, 266-7, 303-4, 307-8, 353-4, 375, 384. Letters to: 4, 170-1.

Jex-Blake, Mrs. T. W. (Miss H. Cordery), 49, 66, 171, 185, 353, 354, 384, 438.

Jex-Blake family, 171, 185.

Jex-Blake, Miss C. A., 1, 3, 4, 9, 13, 14, 15, 28, 29, 38, 39, 43, 56, 60, 85, 87, 106, 119, 158, 177, 194, 198, 207, 214, 438, 528. Letters from: 43-4. Letters to: 176, 484-5.

Jex-Blake, Elinor (Mrs. Miles), 44, 58, 60, 61, 73, 75, 82-83, 110, 113, 156, 459. Ferrier, 58, 59, 73. Miss Kate (Mrs. Forde), 44. Miss Sarah (Mrs. Brown), 42, 59, 60, 61, 73, 82, 385. William, of Swanton Abbots, 2.

Jowett, Professor Benjamin, 235.

‘Juryman, A,’ 316-7 (letter from).

Keiller, Dr., 279, 330.

Keily, Miss S. E., 523.

Kelland, Professor, 239, 258.

Kimberley, Lord, 444.

King’s and Queen’s College of Physicians, Ireland, 435, 436, 438.

Kingsley, Charles, 63. Henry, 294. Mrs. Henry, 292, 294, 321, 373, 461.

Kinnear, Lord, 508.

Kirkland, Miss E. S., 510.

Knowles, James, 502.

Knox, Dr. Robert, 497.

Kunz, Madame, 510.

Lancet, The, 280, 282, 283, 319, 336, 337, 362, 383.

Laurence, Samuel, 76, 187, 205.

Law (Lord Provost of Edinburgh), 296, 299, 304, 305, 322.

“Lawyer, A” (letter from), 317.

Laycock, Professor, 236, 237, 241, 248, 259, 273, 286, 313.

Lectureship on Midwifery (S. J.-B.’s), 504.

Lee, Dr., 460.

Leith Hospital, 479.

Lister, Professor (Lord), 273, 389.

Liston, Professor, 258, 335.

Littlejohn, Dr. (Sir Henry), 286, 296, 336, 337, 362, 383.

Liveing, Professor, 220.

Liverpool Mercury, The, 380.

London Hospital, 441.

—— School of Medicine for Women, 421-2, 429, 433, 443, 445, 449, 464, 502.

—— University, The, 117, 219, 441, 444, 445, 448, 456, 479.

Lorimer, Professor, 239, 240, 241, 258, 361. Letters from: 249-50, 331-2.

Lorimer, Mrs., 239, 250, 251, 332.

Loring, —, 195.

Lothian, Marquis of, 507.

Lowe, M.P., Rt. Hon. Robert (Viscount Sherbrooke), 507.

Lubbock, Sir John, 404, 444.

Macadam, Dr. Stevenson, 495.

Macara, Mrs., 516.

Macdonald, Dr. Angus, 459.

McDougall, Dr. Mary, 537.

Macgregor, Dr. Jessie, 525.

Mackenzie, Dr. J., letters from: 321, 373-4.

Maclagan, Professor Sir Douglas, 237.

M‘Laren, Dr. Agnes, 320, 321, 323, 324 (letter from), 325, 341, 362, 375, 385, 386 (letter from), 387, 390, 392, 394, 410, 413, 426, 471, 528. Duncan, M.P., 296, 304, 346, 414, 416. Mrs. Priscilla Bright, 363, 510.

Macmillan and Co., 168, 187, 188, 253, 491.

Macmillan, Mr. Alexander (letter from), 218.

M‘Pherson, Professor, 239, 258.

Mair, Miss S. E. S., 510.

Manchester, Projected Ladies’ College, 152-6, 200.

Mann, Mrs. Horace, 166.

Mannheim, Part I. Chap. XI., 324, 499.

Marshall, M.D., Mrs. Mary, 289, 319, 340, 351.

Martineau, Harriet, 320, 335 (letter from). James, 216, 362.

Massachusetts General Hospital, 191, 192, 196. Eye and Ear Infirmary, 191, 192.

Massingberd Mundy, Miss, 292, 335, 377, 378-9 (letter from).

Masson, Professor David, 106, 221, 226, 228, 231, 234, 239, 241, 243, 245, 250, 258, 264, 270, 272, 273, 274, 305, 309, 345, 346, 360, 361, 363, 388, 407, 411, 425, 428, 437, 449, 499, 524. Letters from: 228-9, 247-9, 273, 408, 409, 411-12.

Masson, Mrs., 263 (letter from), 428.

Masson family, 306.

Matriculation (First) of women in Edinburgh University, 264.

Maurice, Frederick Denison, 63, 66, 70, 110, 203.

Medical Women, 223, 224, 265, 380, 402, 421, 479, 491, 492, 493.

Medicine as a career, 182, 183, 184, 187.

Menzies, Mr. and Mrs., 516.

Ministry, thoughts of, 177, 182.

Middlesex Hospital, 456.

Mitchell, Miss Maria, 163.

Millar, Mrs., 510.

Millar, Mrs. Grant, 510. White, 310, 325, 334, 357, 382, 392, 410.

Milne Murray, Dr., 504.

Monck Mason, Miss Dora. See Mrs. Burn Murdoch.

Moore, Dr., 52.

Moorfields Hospital, 456.

Moorhead, Dr. Alice (Mrs. Langwill), 508.

Moncrieff, Lord Advocate (Lord Justice Clerk), 244, 250, 252, 332, 396, 413.

Moray, The Countess of, 524.

Morse, Rev. T. C. D., letter from, 132, 153, 156, 158.

Mount Temple, Lord. See Cowper Temple.

Muirhead, Professor, 239, 240, 241, 248, 338.

Munro Ferguson, Lady Helen, 524.

Mure, Lord, 313, 314, 392, 396.

Music, 138.

Myers, Frederick, 474.

“National Association,” 335, 345, 491, 509.

New England Hospital for Women and Children, 162, 165, 172, 188, 189, 197, 206, 285.

New York Infirmary, 204.

Newman, Professor, 223 (letter from), 223.

Niagara, 167, 168.

Nichol, Mrs., 300, 303 (letter from), 320, 354, 464, 510.

Nicholson, Dr. Alleyne, 276-7 (letter from).

Nicolson, Alexander, 249, 273, 336 (letter from), 357-8.

Nineteenth Century, The, 402, 442, 449, 502.

Norton, Arthur, 256, 420, 421, 426, 428, 447, 457.

Oakeley, Professor Sir Herbert, 240.

Oberlin College, 168, 171.

O’Halloran, The, 293, 294.

Ormidale, Lord, 392.

Orr, General (Captain), 106.

Orr, Mrs. (Miss Henrietta Cubitt), 106.

Orr, Miss Margaret, 106, 110, 229, 230.

Orr Ewing, —, M.P., 410, 411.

Osler, Smith, 444, 479-80.

Padua University, 241.

Paget, Sir James, 431, 444.

Palaus, Fräulein von (Baroness), 127, 130, 133, 134, 136, 137, 144, 147, 148.

Pall Mall, The, 195, 300.

Palmer, Sir Roundell (Lord Selborne), 241.

Paris University, 228, 229, 235, 239, 279, 353, 354, 377, 400.

Paton, Miss M. G., 510.

Peabody, Miss, 161, 166.

Pechey, Dr. Edith (Mrs. Pechey Phipson), 254, 256, 257, 262, 267, 269, 270, 271, 272, 274, 275, 289, 293, 303, 307, 311, 325, 336, 341, 364, 365, 366, 377, 378, 382, 384, 418, 424, 425, 431, 432, 434, 435, 436, 437, 438, 439, 444, 449, 459, 464, 465, 478, 486, 492, 493, 505, 514, 518, 519, 528. Letters from: 317-9, 359-60, 362, 383.

Pechey, Rev. William, 275, 279, 493.

Peel Ritchie, Dr., 460, 525.

Phin, Rev. Dr., 249, 260.

Phipson, H. M., 505, 528.

Playfair, Professor (Sir Lyon), 237, 240, 241, 250, 251, 411, 412, 413, 414, 416, 428. Letters from: 241-2.

Plumptre, E. H. (Dean of Wells), 63, 64, 69, 113, 150, 152, 155.

Portal, Miss Lucy (letter from), 26-7.

Provosts (Lord) of Edinburgh: Chambers, 244. Law, 296, 299, 304, 305. Cowan, 389.

Professional Examination, 330.

Puerperal Fever, S. J.-B.’s thesis on, 437.

Pulsford, Rev. Dr., 109, 110, 112, 145.

Punch, 44, 275, 356, 414, 487.

Putnam-Jacobi, Dr. M., 224, 424.

Quain, Dr., 445.

Queen Margaret College, 501.

Queen Mary, H.M., 487.

Queen Victoria, H.M., 138, 259, 286.

Rainy, Rev. Principal, 109.

Raleigh, Rev. Dr., 160.

Ramsay, Admiral, Sir William, 320.

Raymond, Dr., 166.

Reade, Charles, 291, 435, 498.

Recorder of London. See Gurney, Russell.

Reid, W. L., 336.

Rendel, Lady, 402.

Richmond and Gordon, Duke of, 433.

Richter, Dr. Otto, 376.

Riot at Surgeons’ Hall, Part II. Chap. VIII.

Ripon, Marquis of, 389, 466, 479.

Ristori, 458.

Robson, W., 334, 347.

Robertson’s Sermons, 139, 142, 230, 382.

Rogers, Professor, 164, 195. Mrs., 162, 178.

Rose, Mrs. Hugh, 510.

Royal Free Hospital, 442, 444, 456.

Royal Infirmary, 286, 287, 288, 296, 298, 299, 300, 308, 340, Chap. XII. passim.

Rukhmabai, Dr., letter from, 493, 504.

Rumbling Bridge Hotel, 516.

Russel, Alexander, 233, 294, 305, 332, 340, 349, 380. Mrs. (Mrs. de Lacy Evans), 236, 243, 263, 289, 292, 307, 332, 340, 341, 349, 492.

Russell, Lord Arthur, 444.

Sackermena, 6-10, 18, 50, 120, 335, 447.

Sadie’s Poems, 230, 242, 488.

St. Andrews University, 119, 221, 225, 226, 354, 392, 394, 395, 413, 417, 492, 507, 508, 509.

St. Giles’ Cathedral, 296, 297.

St. Louis College, 168, 171.

St. Mary’s Hospital, 255, 256.

Salamanca University, 241.

Salzmann, Dr., 215, 256, 395.

Sanders, Professor, 273.

Sanderson, Dr., 292, 313.

Sandon, Viscount, 429, 433, 434.

Saville, Dr. Lillie, (letter from) 390, 488, 528.

Scharlieb, Mrs., 478, 524.

Schoolfellow’s criticisms of S. J.-B., 33-4.

School Board (Edinburgh), 389.

Schultz, Fräulein, 437.

Scotsman, The, 119, 233, 234, 249, 253, 262, 275, 298, 305, 306, 310, 312, 313, 316, 322, 337, 342, 348, 401, 412, 450, 465.

Scott, Dr. Sam., 148.

Scott Moncrieff, Sir Colin, 500.

Selborne, Lord (Sir Roundell Palmer), 241, 404, 434. Lady, 405.

Serajevo, 432, 435.

Sewall, Dr. Lucy, 161, 162, 163, 165, 172, 173, 174, 176, 177, 181, 182, 183, 187, 193, 197, 198, 201, 202, 205, 206, 215, 229, 230, 237, 238, 302, 327, 328, 329, 377, 378, 379, 448, 459, 462, 468, 476, 506. Letters from: 162, 175, 186, 215, 405. Letters to: 16 (footnote), 199, 213, 214-5, 216, 219, 221, 224, 232-3, 246, 255, 259, 267, 327, 377-8, 379, 464, 487.

Sewall, Hon. Samuel, 162, 177, 205, 259, 506.

Sewall, The Prophecy of Samuel (1697), 162, 506-7.

Shaftesbury, Earl of, 363, 427, 434.

Shairp, Professor, 226.

Shandwick Place University Classes for Women, 106.

Sherbrooke, Viscount. See Lowe, Rt. Hon. Robert.

Shewen, Dr. Alfred, 404.

Shove, Dr. Edith, 435, 444, 479.

Sibbald, Dr. (Sir John), 525.

Sidgwick, Professor Henry, 226, 245, 342, 343. Letters from: 219, 221, 245, 225-6.

Simon, J., 389, 429, 430.

Simpson, Sir James, 221, 233 (footnote), 234, 237.

Skelton, Mrs., 510.

Slaves and Slavery, 168, 171, 182 (footnote).

Sleighing, 197.

Smith, Professor Piazzi, 240. Southwood, Dr., 96. Dr. William, 444.

Social Science Congress, 402.

Society of Apothecaries, 232, 255.

Society for Employment of Women, 81.

Soddy, Mrs. Frederick. See Beilby, Miss Winifred.

Somerville, Mr. Robert, 498.

Spence, Professor, 236, 237, 258, 498.

Spectator, The, 270, 274, 295, 399, 401, 504.

Stansfeld, Rt. Hon. Sir James, 274, 309, 381, 388, 389, 402, 404, 406, 410, 414, 429, 432, 433, 444, 445, 446, 449, 491, 502. Letters from, 407-8, 409, 441-2, 443, 507.

Stansfeld, Mrs. Caroline, 441.

Stationer, The, 188.

Stevenson, Miss Flora, 320, 325. Miss Louisa, 325, 390, 510. R. L., 340 (letter from). Professor, 240, 258.

Stirling Maxwell, Sir William, 360, 411.

Storar, Dr., 445.

Struthers, Dr., 497. Professor, 273.

Stuart, M.P., James, 225, 226, 343. Letter from, 342-3.

Suffrage, Woman, 309, 323, 327, 465, 485.

Syme, Professor, 258, 274, 295, 399, 401, 504.

Symes Thompson, Dr., 438.

Tait, Professor, 239, 240, 241, 258, 270, 273, 279, 335, 360, 416. Letter from, 338-9.

Tait, Lawson, 432.

Taylor, Mrs., 59. Mrs. Peter, 161.

Taylour, Miss, 323.

Teaching, Comparison of English and American, 169, 170.

Teed, Mrs., 13, 17, 18, 35, 46, 48, 53, 55, 69, 71, 133. Miss, 13, 16, 46, 175.

Temple, Miss, 185.

Tennyson, Alfred, 63, 345.

Terry, Miss Ellen, 458.

Thackeray, S. J.-B.’s likeness to, 76.

Thomson, Professor A. J., 500. Walter, 380. Sir Wyville, 416, 418.

Thorne, Mrs. Isabel, 256, 260, 268, 289, 292, 307, 311, 322, 325, 336. 389, 395, 396, 402, 418, 420, 425, 431, 434, 435, 436, 447, 448, 449, 462, 467, 505. Letter from, 253.

Thornton, Mrs., 77.

Times, The, 108, 270, 273, 286, 375, 400, 401, 417, 421, 472, 495.

Trayner, Lord, 308, 494, 495. Mrs. (Lady), 494, 495.

Trench, R. C. (Archbishop), 63, 64, 216.

Tulloch, Principal, 119, 355, 413, 427.

Turner, Professor (Sir William), 235, 237, 241, 247, 248, 258, 273, 293, 336, 389.

Tutorship (mathematical), 67-73.

Tweedie, Mrs. Alec., 63 (footnote).

Tyng, Dr., 166.

Tytler, Professor, 239.

Unitarianism, 109, 153, 154, 179, 180 (footnote).

University. See Aberdeen, Bologna, Cambridge, etc.

Universities Commission, 508.

Universities (Scotland) Bill, 507.

Unwin, Miss Hermione, 480-1.

Unwin, Mrs. S. P., 84, 124, 202, 328, 329, 351. Letters to, 100, 130-1, 149-50, 156-8, 167-8, 184. Letters from, 186.

Unwin, S. P., 158, 481. Letter from, 186.

Villette, 126 (and footnote).

Waldegrave, Dowager Countess, 373.

Walker, Miss, 279. Miss Lucy. See Mrs. Unwin. Dr. Jane, 524.

Watson, Dr. (Sir Patrick Heron), 278, 284, 286, 340, 349, 425, 459, 466, 467, 472, 493, 509. Letters from, 287-9, 332.

Wedderburn, Sir David, 360, 403, 404, 405, 406, 407.

Welstood, Mrs., 510.

Weisse, Herr Heinrich, 107.

Westminster Hospital, 419.

Wigham, Miss Eliza, 510.

Wilberforce, William, 182.

Williams, Mrs., 63. Mrs. Agnes. See Miss Woodhouse.

Wilson, Professor John, 239, 240, 258, 272, 273, 292, 293, 310, 332-3, 335, 359.

Wilson, Mr. Robert, 292, 293 (and footnote). Letter from, 293-4.

Windydene, 390, Part iii. Chap. vii.

Wolstenholme, Miss. See Mrs. Wolstenholme Elmy.

Woman Hater, The, 291, 435, 498.

Women’s Medical College, New York, 204, 206.

Women, Society for Employment of, 81.

Women’s Work and Women’s Culture, 221, 223, 224, 243, 253, 266.

Wood, Dr. Alexander, 287, 335, 336, 337.

Woodhouse, Miss Agnes (Mrs. Williams), 64, 65, 70, 74, 78, 83, 107.

Words for the Way, 158.

“Working men, A few,” 321.

Wyld, A. G., 510.

Wyld, Mrs. Margaret, 510. Letter from, 308.

Wyld, R. S., 320.

Yarrow, 516.

Young, Lord Advocate, 310, 312, 313, 313, 331, 335, 356, 413.

Zurich University, 190, 235, 239, 278, 279, 353, 354.

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Footnotes

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Transcriber’s Note

The author most commonly abbreviates her subject’s name as ‘S. J.-B.’, but frequently neglects to punctuate it consistently. These lapses have been corrected, with no further notice here. Likewise, lapses in punctuation of the Index have been silently rectified.

Other errors deemed most likely to be the printer’s have been corrected, and are noted here.

The many nested quotations result in some inconsistencies in punctuation, resulting in missing or seemingly superfluous quotation marks. Corrections were made if the voice or context seems to warrant them, and otherwise are simply noted below. The quoted passages typically begin and end with double quotation marks, but interior paragraphs do not follow the convention of opening each with a quotation.

On p. 255, a misprint seems to have disrupted the word ‘about’ as ‘a bo’. The correction makes sense, but is speculative.

In the Index, in the first column of p. 583, the entry for Mr. Robert Somerville is missing a page reference. The sole reference to Mr. Somerville occurred on p. 498, and that has been added to the text.

The entry for ‘Miss Wolstenholme’ refers the reader to ‘Mrs. Wolstenholme Elmy’; however, the Index contains no such entry. Elizabeth Wolstenholme-Elmy was an English suffragist and writer, who is referred to twice in the text on pp. 284 and 381.

The entry for ‘A Visit to Some American Schools and Colleges’ mistakenly refers the reader to Part I. Chapter XXIII. This has been corrected to Chapter XIII.

The references are to the page and line in the original. Those with three numbers refer to the line within the designated note on that page. A prefix of ‘i’ indicates that this is an index page, and that the second number refers to the column on that page.

21.7 “Now for a word about the ‘bowing,’[”] he says Added.

21.8 [‘/“]It is of no importance in itself, Replaced.

24.26 and may be long i[s/n] showing fruit Replaced.

57.10 ‘Yes, ma’am ma’am[.]’ Added.

58.28 did not much admire me, I guess, that Added. night.[”]

60.17 unless you want to see it.[’] Added.

63.7 ‘Which faith except..., etc.’[”] Added.

63.21 [“]M. brought me an invite Added.

74.32 Feb. 11, 1865![”] Added.

97.21 makest me to dwell in safety.[’]” Added.

101.39 and have felt most solemnly[,/.] Replaced.

107.3 I was so annoyed[./,]—it seemed so silly Replaced.

111.40 May 9th. [“]We do well to struggle Added.

115.3 for which I am looking so earnestly....[’] Removed.

119.20 Yours affectly, S. L. J.-B.[”] Added.

119.32 It’s so weak, it can’t do harm that way.[’] Added.

131.33.2 she writes in her diary[!/:] Replaced.

135.16 and here, perhaps, the answer.[’]” Added.

138.4 the girls’ progress,[”] ought to comfort me Removed. there,

145.33 by the doubt and co[m/n]tempt Replaced.

154.35.6 I keep such company.[’/”] Replaced.

157.18 when I am next in the North.[”] Added.

164.26 we got on grandly....[”] Added.

167.6 all connection of time and place.[”] Added.

167.18 not a bad church, will it be?[”] Added.

167.38 so wonderfully, bewitchingly, grandly sic [beautifully] as this.

174.35 [“]Dec. 15th. I have just begun Added.

180.17 if not of the conquerors.[”] Added.

180.32 Well done America and L. E. S.!—bless her.[”] Added.

181.40 to run close to practical atheism....[”] Added.

191.41 C. E. BROWN-S[E/É]QUARD. Replaced.

192.10 [“]Dr. A. ‘not afraid of responsibility Added.

203.43 with the old Mother.[”] Added.

205.16 Wasn’t I right?...[”] Added.

205.39 you can read and forward respectively Removed.

234.41 if possible before Simpson goes. Removed.

243.15 of what things we have need.’[”] Removed.

246.37 [“]I am so glad that you are prospering so Removed. well

255.25 and told him I was studyi[m/n]g Medicine Replaced.

255.39 spend some money [a bo/about] it Speculation.

256.6 and to University Court July 5th.[”] Added.

257.39 let me not prejudge what is best.[’] Added.

258.17 [“/‘]Unlucky to say so!’ Replaced.

260.30 the resolution of the Un[vei/ive]rsity Court Transposed.

260.32 by the Chancellor on November 12th[,/.] Replaced.

289.35 PA[RT/TR]ICK HERON WATSON. Transposed.

293.20 he’ll be hitting a policeman![’] Added.

321.27 the noble strugle she is making Added.

333.41 thrown back in their professional studies Removed.

335.8 time to call a meeting. Removed.

341.27 your conscience will prevent your Added. sleeping!’[”]

374.25 Thanks for your kind letter[.] Added.

376.9 of your profession Removed.

379.19 [“]It is just a year since we parted Added.

383.30 although I [I ]expect he thought Removed.

448.14 [“]So much better than I.” Removed.

449.7 the personal charm, intelligen[e/c]e and Replaced. humour

464.2 [‘/“]Why do you recommend Vermouth?” Replaced.

469.16 to those who suffer young[’] Added.

509.29 to admit women forthwith to graduation in Added. medicine[.]

511.29 [“]Dr. —— and Dr. —— [the consultants] have Added. been here

514.6 a removal to larger premises[,/.] Replaced.

546.15 specially to the “people of God[.”/”?] Replaced.

i566.1.51 Brown-S[e/é]quard, Professor, 191. Replaced.

i568.2.28 (Mrs. Hilhouse) was giving him Removed.