The Life of Sir Humphry Davy, Bart. Ll.d., Volume 2 (of 2)

CHAPTER X.

Mr. Faraday's introduction to Sir H. Davy.--A renewed correspondence on the subject of the Gunpowder Manufactory.--Davy obtains permission from Napoleon to visit the Continent.--He embarks in a Cartel from Plymouth.--Is arrested at Morlaix.--Arrives at Paris.--Visits the Louvre.--His extraordinary conduct upon that occasion.--Inspects the Colossal Elephant, and is introduced to M. Alavair, its architect.--The discovery of the dungeons of the Bastile.--Davy's interesting letter to M. Alavair.--He attends a meeting of the Institute.--Is visited by all the principal savans of Paris.--The adventure which befell Lady Davy in the Thuilleries' Garden.--Anniversary dinner of the Philomatic Society.--The junior Chemists of France invite Davy to a splendid entertainment.--How far Davy is entitled to be considered the discoverer of the true nature of Iodine.--Napoleon's unlucky experiment with the Voltaic battery.--Davy is presented to the Empress Josephine.--An account of the Court ceremony at Malmaison.--Remarks on the conduct of Davy during his visit to Paris.--He quits the capital of France, and proceeds by way of Lyons, to Montpellier.--Is assisted in experiments on sea-weed by M. Berard.--Crosses the Alps.--Arrives at Genoa.--Institutes experiments on the Torpedo.--Visits Florence, and accomplishes the combustion of the diamond, by the great lens in the cabinet of Natural History.--Experiments on Iodine.--He examines the colours used by the Ancients.--Visits all the celebrated Philosophers of Italy and Switzerland, with whom he works in their laboratories.--Returns to England 1

CHAPTER XI.. Collieries of the North of England.--Fire-Damp.--the Dreadful

Collieries of the North of England.--Fire-damp.--The dreadful explosion at Felling Colliery described.--Letters from the Bishop of Bristol to the Author.--A Society is established at Bishop-Wearmouth for preventing accidents in coal mines.--Various projects for ensuring the miner's safety.--The Reverend Dr. Gray, the present Bishop of Bristol, addresses a letter to Sir H. Davy, and invites his attention to the subject.--Sir H. Davy's reply.--Farther Correspondence upon the possibility of devising means of security.--Sir H. Davy proposes four different kinds of lamp for the purpose.--The Safe-lamp--The Blowing-lamp--The Piston-lamp--The Charcoal-lamp.--His investigation of the properties of fire-damp leads to the discovery of a new principle of safety.--His views developed in a paper read before the Royal Society on the 9th of November 1815.--The first Safety-lamp.--Safety-tubes superseded by Safety-canals.--Flame Sieves.--Wire-gauze lamp.--The phenomenon of slow combustion, and its curious application.--The invention of the Safety-lamp claimed by a Mr. Stephenson.--A deputation of Coal-owners wait upon Sir H. Davy, in order to express to him the thanks of the Proprietors for his discovery.--Mr. Buddle announces to Dr. Gray (now Bishop of Bristol) the intention of the Coal-trade to present him with a service of plate.--The Resolutions are opposed, and the claims of Stephenson urged, by Mr. W. Brandling.--A dinner is given to Sir Humphry, at which the plate is presented to him.--The President and Council of the Royal Society protest against the claims still urged by Mr. Stephenson's friends.--Mr. Buddle's letter in answer to several queries submitted to him by the Author.--Davy's Researches on Flame.--He receives from the Royal Society the Rumford Medals.--Is created a Baronet.--Some observations on the apathy of the State in rewarding scientific merit.--The Geological Society of Cornwall receives the patronage and support of Sir Humphry 58

CHAPTER XII.. Sir Humphry Davy Suggests a Chemical Method for Unrolling

Sir Humphry Davy suggests a chemical method for unrolling the ancient Papyri.--He is encouraged by the Government to proceed to Naples for that purpose.--He embarks at Dover.--His experiments on the Rhine, the Danube, the Raab, the Save, the Ironzo, the Po, and the Tiber, in order to explain the formation of mists on rivers and lakes.--His arrival and reception at Naples.--He visits the excavations at Herculaneum.--He concludes that it was overwhelmed by sand and ashes, but had never been exposed to burning matter.--He commences his attempt of unrolling the Papyri.--His failure.--He complains of the persons at the head of the department in the Museum.--He analyses the waters of the Baths of Lucca.--His return to England.--Death of Sir Joseph Banks.--He is elected President of the Royal Society.--Some remarks on that event.--He visits Penzance.--Is honoured by a public dinner.--Electro-magnetic discoveries of Oersted extended by Davy.--He examines Electrical Phenomena in vacuo.--The results of his experiments questioned.--He enquires into the state of the water, and aëriform matter in the cavities of crystals.--The interesting results of his enquiry confirm the views of the Plutonists 160

CHAPTER XIII.. The Liquefaction of Chlorine Gas First Effected by Mr. Faraday,

The Liquefaction of Chlorine Gas first effected by Mr. Faraday, and witnessed by the Author.--Sir H. Davy continues the investigation.--His paper on the application of Liquefiable Gases as mechanical agents.--Other probable uses of these bodies.--He proposes several methods to prevent the fumes which arise from Smelting-furnaces.--Importance of the subject.--His Letters to Mr. Vivian.--The Government solicit the advice of the Royal Society on the subject of protecting the Copper Sheathing of Ships from the action of sea-water.--Sir H. Davy charges himself with this enquiry.--He proposes a plan of protection founded on Voltaic principles.--His numerous experiments.--He embarks on board the Comet steam-vessel bound to Heligoland, in order to try his plan on a vessel in motion.--He arrives at Mandal, lands, and fishes in the lakes.--The Protectors washed away.--He teaches the inhabitants of Christiansand to crimp fish.--He remains a few days at Arendal.--A Norwegian dinner.--The Protectors are examined and weighed.--Results of the experiment.--The steam-vessel proceeds up the Glommen.--He visits the great waterfall.--Passes into Sweden.--Has an interview with the Crown Prince of Denmark, and afterwards with Prince Christian at Copenhagen.--He visits Professor Oersted.--He proceeds to Bremen to see Dr. Olbers.--Returns to England.--His third paper read before the Royal Society.--Voltaic influence of patches of rust.--A small quantity of fluid sufficient to complete the circuit.--He receives from the Royal Society the Royal Medal.--The Progress of Voltaic discovery reviewed.--The principle is of extensive application.--The Author's researches into the cause of the solution of Lead in spring water.--An account of the numerous trials of Protectors.--Failure of the plan.--Report of the French on the state of the protected frigate, La Constance.--Dr. Revere's new plan of Protection 208

CHAPTER XIV.. The Failure of the Ship Protectors a Source of Great Vexation to

The failure of the Ship protectors a source of great vexation to Davy.--His Letters to Mr. Poole.--He becomes unwell.--He publishes his Discourses before the Royal Society.--Critical Remarks and Quotations.--He goes abroad in search of health.--His Letter to Mr. Poole from Ravenna.--He resigns the Presidency of the Royal Society.--Mr. Gilbert elected pro tempore.--Davy returns to England, and visits his friend Mr. Poole.--Salmonia, or Days of Fly-fishing.--An Analysis of the Work, with various extracts to illustrate its character 283

CHAPTER XV.. Sir H. Davy's Paper on the Phenomena of Volcanoes.--His

Sir H. Davy's Paper on the Phenomena of Volcanoes.--His experiments on Vesuvius.--Theory of Volcanic action.--His reception abroad.--Anecdotes.--His last Letter to Mr. Poole from Rome.--His paper on the Electricity of the Torpedo.--Consolations in Travel, or the Last Days of a Philosopher.--Analysis of the work.--Reflections suggested by its style and composition.--Davy and Wollaston compared.--His last illness.--Arrival at Geneva.--His Death 341

A GENERAL REVIEW OF THE HISTORY OF CHEMICAL SCIENCE, AND OF THE REVOLUTIONS PRODUCED IN ITS DOCTRINES BY THE DISCOVERIES OF SIR HUMPHRY DAVY 415

APPENDIX--Will of Sir Humphry Davy 457

THE LIFE OF SIR HUMPHRY DAVY, BART. &c. &c.

CHAPTER X.. Mr. Faraday's Introduction to Sir H. Davy.--a Renewed

Mr. Faraday's introduction to Sir H. Davy.--A renewed correspondence on the subject of the Gunpowder Manufactory.--Davy obtains permission from Napoleon to visit the Continent.--He embarks in a Cartel from Plymouth.--Is arrested at Morlaix.--Arrives at Paris.--Visits the Louvre.--His extraordinary conduct upon that occasion.--Inspects the Colossal Elephant, and is introduced to M. Alavair, its architect.--The discovery of the dungeons of the Bastile.--Davy's interesting letter to M. Alavair.--He attends a meeting of the Institute.--Is visited by all the principal savans of Paris.--The adventure which befell Lady Davy in the Thuilleries' Garden.--Anniversary dinner of the Philomatic Society.--The junior Chemists of France invite Davy to a splendid entertainment.--How far Davy is entitled to be considered the discoverer of the true nature of Iodine.--Napoleon's unlucky experiment with the Voltaic battery.--Davy is presented to the Empress Josephine.--An account of the Court ceremony at Malmaison.--Remarks on the conduct of Davy during his visit to Paris.--He quits the capital of France, and proceeds, by way of Lyons, to Montpellier.--Is assisted in experiments on sea-weed by M. Berard.--Crosses the Alps.--Arrives at Genoa.--Institutes experiments on the Torpedo.--Visits Florence, and accomplishes the combustion of the diamond, by the great lens in the cabinet of Natural History.--Experiments on Iodine.--He examines the colours used by the Ancients.--Visits all the celebrated Philosophers of Italy and Switzerland, with whom he works in their laboratories.--Returns to England.

It is said of Bergman, that he considered the greatest of his discoveries to have been the discovery of Scheele. Amongst the numerous services conferred upon Science by Sir Humphry Davy, we must not pass unnoticed that kind and generous patronage which first raised Mr. Faraday from obscurity, and gave to the chemical world a philosopher capable of pursuing that brilliant path of enquiry which the genius of his master had so successfully explored.

See Note at page 42, vol. i.

The circumstances which first led Mr. Faraday to the study of chemistry, and by which he became connected with the Royal Institution, were communicated to me, by himself, in the following letter.

TO J. A. PARIS, M.D.

MY DEAR SIR, Royal Institution, Dec. 23, 1829.

You asked me to give you an account of my first introduction to Sir H. Davy, which I am very happy to do, as I think the circumstances will bear testimony to his goodness of heart.

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