CHAPTER VI

EXTRA-PARLIAMENTARY EXACTION, 1461-1603 213

Edward IV--Benevolences and forced loans--Richard III--Prohibition of benevolences--The Tudors--Henry VII--The “New-found Subsidy”--Morton’s Crotch--Early taxation of Henry VIII--Cardinal Wolsey’s breach of privilege--Henry’s commissions and benevolences--Forced loans--Profits of the Reformation--Parliament the confirming authority in clerical grants--Elizabeth--Liberality of her Parliaments--Assertion by the commons of their right to originate money bills.