CHAPTER X. The Grammar of Heraldry

THE GRAMMAR OF HERALDRY

SECTION VII

Glossary of Titles, Names, and Terms

"The several denominations given to these tokens of honour ... with the terms of art given to them." --RANDLE HOME: "Academy of Armoury," A.D. 1688.

In this Glossary, which obviously must be as concise as possible, I shall include no word that is ordinarily well understood, unless some special signification should be attached to it when it is in use in armorial blazon.

Abased. Said of a charge when placed lower than its customary position.

Abatement. A supposed sign of degradation. (See Chapter XII.)

Accollée. Placed side by side.

Accosted. Side by side.

Achievement, or Achievement of Arms. Any complete heraldic composition.

Addorsed. Back to back.

Affrontée. So placed as to show the full face or front.

Alerion. A name sometimes given by early Heralds to the heraldic Eagle, which, when blazoned under this title, was also sometimes drawn without legs or beak. (See p. 97.)

Ambulant. In the act of walking.

Annulet. A plain ring; sometimes blazoned as a "false roundle": in modern English cadency, the difference of the fifth son or brother: No. 154.

Annulettée. Ending in Annulets.

Antelope. Depicted by early Heralds in a conventional manner, but now generally rendered more naturally, the earlier type being termed the heraldic antelope.

Anthony, St. His cross is in the form of the letter T, No. 93.

Antique Crown. See Eastern Crown.

Appaumée. Said of a hand, when open, erect, and showing the palm: No. 215.

Arched. Bent, or bowed.

Archbishop. A prelate of the highest order in the English Church; his heraldic insignia are his Mitre, Crozier, and Pall. Next to the Royal Family, the Archbishop of Canterbury is the first subject in the realm; he is styled "Most Reverend Father in God," "by Divine Providence," and "Your Grace." The Archbishop of York is third in rank (the Lord Chancellor being second), and his style is the same, except that he is Archbishop "by Divine permission." Archbishops impale their own arms with those of their see, the latter being marshalled to the dexter.

Argent. The metal silver.

Arm. A human arm. When a charge, crest, or badge, it must be blazoned with full particulars as to position, clothing, &c. If couped between the elbow and the wrist, it is a cubit arm.

Armed. A term applied to animals and birds of prey, to denote their natural weapons of offence and defence: thus, a Lion is said to be "armed of his claws and teeth"; a Bull, to be "armed of his horns"; an Eagle, "of its beak and talons."

Armory. Heraldry. Also, a List of Names and Titles, with their respective Arms.

Arms, Armorial Bearings. Heraldic compositions, and the Figures and Devices which form them. (See Chapter I.)

Arms of Community. Borne by Corporate and other Bodies and Communities, as cities, colleges, &c.

Arms of Dominion. Borne by Sovereign Princes, being also the Sovereign arms of the realms over which they rule.

Arms of Office. Borne, with the personal arms, to denote official rank.

Armes Parlantes. Such as are allusive to the Name, Title, Office, or Property of those who bear them: thus, Leaves for Leveson, a Castle for Castile, a Cup for Butler, Fish for those who derive revenues from Fisheries, &c. The more usual term is, however, "canting arms" (See Rebus: also page 15.)

Arrow. Is barbed of its head, and flighted of its feathers; a bundle of arrows is a sheaf; with a blunt head, it is a bird-bolt.

At Gaze. A term applied to animals of the chase, to denote their standing still, and looking straight forward: No. 167.

Attires, Attired. The antlers of a Buck, Stag, or Hart: having antlers. A Reindeer is represented in Heraldry with double attires, one pair erect, and the other drooping forward.

Augmentation. An honourable addition to a Coat of Arms, specially granted with a peculiar significance: thus, the "Union" Device of the British Empire, blazoned on an inescutcheon, is the "Augmentation" specially granted to the great Duke of WELLINGTON, to be borne on the honour point of his paternal shield.

Augmented. Having an "Augmentation."

Avellane. A variety of the heraldic Cross: No. 109.

Azure. The colour blue (indicated by horizontal lines): No. 52.

Badge. A figure or device, distinct from a crest, and capable of being borne without any background or other accessory. Badges are, however, often depicted upon a standard or roundle of the livery colour or colours. Badges were depicted as a sign of ownership upon property; were worn by servants and retainers, who mustered under the standards on which badges were represented. (See Chapter XV.)

Banded. Encircled with a band.

Banner. A flag, charged with the coat of arms of the owner, displayed over its entire surface. (See Chapter XVII.)

Banneret. A Knight who had been advanced by the King to that higher military rank which entitled him to display a banner.

Bar. One of the Ordinaries: Nos. 81, 82.

Bars Gemelles. Barrulets borne in pairs: Nos. 83, 84.

Barbed. Pointed, as an arrow. The term is also applied to the small green leaves between the petals of heraldic roses. (See Rose.)

Barbel. A Fish borne as an allusive device by the family of DE BARRE: No. 162.

Barded. Having horse-trappings.

Bardings. Horse-trappings, often enriched with armorial blazonry. On the Great Seal of EDWARD I. the Bardings of the King's charger for the first time appear adorned with the Royal arms. On both sides of the horse, the head is supposed to be to the dexter. An example is represented in the Seal of ALEXANDER DE BALLIOL, in Chapter XIV.

Barnacles, Breys. An instrument used in breaking horses. A rebus of Sir REGINALD BRAY, architect of St. George's Chapel, Windsor, and repeatedly represented there: No. 216.

Baron. The lowest rank in the British Peerage. A Baron is "Right Honourable," and is styled "My Lord." His coronet, first granted by Charles II., has on a golden circlet six large pearls, of which four appear in representations, as in No. 217. An Irish Baron has no coronet. All a Baron's children are "Honourable."

Baron. A purely heraldic term signifying a husband, a wife in Heraldry being femme.

Baroness. A lady in whom a Barony is vested by inheritance in her own right; also, the wife of a Baron. In either case she is "Right Honourable"; is styled "My Lady," and her coronet is the same as that of a Baron.

Baronet. An hereditary rank, lower than the peerage, instituted in 1612 by JAMES I., who fixed the precedence of Baronets before all Knights, those of the Order of the Garter alone excepted. As originally created, all Baronets were "of Ulster," or "of Nova Scotia"; afterwards all new creations were "of Great Britain"; now all are "of the United Kingdom." The "Badge of Ulster," generally borne as an augmentation upon a canton or small inescutcheon, is--Arg., a sinister hand, couped at the wrist and appaumée, gu.,--No. 215. The arms of Nova Scotia, which may be (but seldom are) similarly borne on a canton or inescutcheon, are--Arg., on a saltire az., the Royal arms of Scotland. (See No. 138.) By letters patent of JAMES I., the wives of Baronets have the titles of "Lady, Madam, or Dame," at their pleasure prefixed to their names.

Barrulet. The diminutive of a Bar.

Barrulée, Barruly. Barry of ten or more pieces.

Barry. Divided into an even number of Bars, which all lie in the same plane: Nos. 85, 86.

Barry Bendy. Having the field divided by lines drawn bar-wise, which are crossed by others drawn bend-wise: No. 119.

Bar-wise. Disposed after the manner of a Bar,--crossing the field, that is, horizontally. The term fessways is more usually employed.

Base. The lowest extremity: No. 27, B.

Basilisk. A cockatrice having its tail ending in a dragon's head.

Basinet. A helm fitting close to the head.

Baton. A diminutive of the bend, couped at its extremities.

Battled, or Embattled. Having battlements, or bordered, as No. 38, F.

Beacon, or Fire Beacon. An iron case of burning combustibles set on a pole, against which a ladder is placed.

Beaked. Applied to birds, not of prey.

Bearer. An old Scottish term for a Supporter.

Bearing, Bearings. Armorial insignia, borne on shields.

Bell. Drawn, and generally blazoned as a church-bell, unless specified to be a hawk's-bell.

Belled. Having bells attached.

Bend. One of the Ordinaries: Nos. 111-115.

Bendlet. The diminutive of a bend: No. 117.

Bend-wise, or In Bend. Placed in the position of or arranged in the direction of a bend.

Bendy. Parted bend-wise into an even number of divisions: No. 116.

Besant. A golden "Roundle" or disc, flat like a coin: No. 151, and No. 140.

Billet. An oblong figure of any tincture: Billetée--strewn with "Billets": Nos. 130, 146.

Bird. Many Birds appear in blazon, and they are represented both in heraldic tinctures and "proper"--in their natural aspect. (See Chapters VIII. and IX.)

Bird-bolt. An arrow with a blunt head.

Bishop. The Bishops are "by Divine permission," and are styled "Right Reverend Father in God," and "My Lord Bishop." The Bishops of England and Wales are not Peers but are all "spiritual lords" of Parliament, some of the junior Bishops, however, having no seats. The Suffragan Bishops are merely assistant Bishops, and are not Lords of Parliament. The heraldic insignia of Bishops consist of a mitre and pastoral staff; they impale their official and personal arms, as do the Archbishops; and, like them also, they bear no crests, but they ensign their shields with a mitre.

Blasted. Leafless, withered.

Blazon. Heraldry: Armorial Compositions. "To blazon" is to describe or to represent any armorial Figure, Device, or Composition in an heraldic manner. Blazoning--Describing in heraldic language: also, representing in an heraldic manner. Blazonry--the representation of any heraldic Figure, Device, or Composition. But the distinction is in practice usually made to employ the word "emblazon" in cases of representation.

Boar. In Heraldry occasionally termed Sanglier.

Bordure. A Subordinary: Nos. 139, 140. Also, an important "Difference." (See Chapters XII. and XIII.)

Botoneé, Botoneé Fitcheé. Varieties of the heraldic Cross: Nos. 103, 110. This Cross is also termed Trefleé.

Bouget, or Water Bouget. A charge, representing the vessels used by the Crusaders for carrying water. The word is an early form of Bucket. Fine early examples occur in the Temple Church, at Beverley Minster, and in a monument at Blyborough, Lincolnshire: No. 218.

Bourchier Knot. The badge of the Bourchier family represented in No. 219.

Bourdon. A palmer's or pilgrim's staff. (See Pilgrim's Staff.)

Bow. The archer's weapon, in all its varieties of form, is a charge.

Bowed. Having a convex contour.

Bowen Knot. No. 220.

Braced. Interlaced.

Breys. Barnacles, q.v.

Brisure, or Brizure. Any difference or mark of cadency.

Buckle. See Fermaile.

Burgonet. A helm worn in the sixteenth century.

Cabossed, or Caboshed. The head of a stag, or other horned animal, represented full-faced, so as to show the face only: No. 170. In the case of a lion or leopard when the head is so represented it is termed the face.

Cadency, Marks of. Figures and devices, introduced into armorial compositions, in order to distinguish the different members and branches of the same family. (See Difference, and Chapter XII.)

Cadet. A junior member or branch of a family.

Caltrap. An implement formerly strewn on the ground in war to maim horses: No. 221.

Canting Heraldry. Refer to Armes Parlantes.

Canton. One of the Subordinaries: Nos. 129, 130.

Cantoned. Placed in the quarters of a shield.

Carbuncle. The same as Escarbuncle.

Cartouche. No. 46.

Castle. Generally represented with two or three turrets, as in the shield of Queen Alianore, of Castile: No. 222. Refer to Tower.

Celestial Crown. No. 223.

Centaur. Also blazoned as a sagittary, and supposed to have been a badge of King Stephen.

Cerceleé, or Recerceleé. A descriptive term to denote a variety of the heraldic Cross: No. 98.

Chapeau. Also entitled a cap of dignity, of maintenance, or of estate. An early symbol of high dignity, and in England of right of Peerage. In addition it is now more frequently met with supporting certain crests: No. 224.

Chaplet. A garland or entwined wreath of leaves and flowers, or of flowers alone. A chaplet of rue, sometimes called a crancelin, is blazoned bend-wise in the shield of Saxony--Barry of ten or and sa., over all a chaplet of rue vert: No. 225. (See Crancelin.)

Charge. Any heraldic figure or device. Charged--placed on a shield, banner, &c., as any heraldic figure or device may be.

Chequeé, Chequy, Checky. Divided into three, or into more than three, contiguous rows of small squares, alternately of a metal (or fur) and a colour: No 68.

Chess rook. A piece used in the game of Chess: borne by Rokewood and others: No. 226.

Chevron. One of the Ordinaries: Nos. 123, 125.

Chevronel. A diminutive of the Chevron: No. 124.

Chevroneé, Chevrony. A field composed of a number of pieces divided and disposed per Chevron: No. 124A.

Chief. One of the Ordinaries: Nos. 71-75. In Chief--placed in the upper part of the shield, or arranged in a horizontal row across the upper part of the field.

Cinque-foil. A flower or leaf of five foils: No. 227.

Civic Crown. A wreath of oak-leaves and acorns.

Clarenceux. See Herald.

Clarion. An ancient musical instrument, a badge, apparently, of the DE CLARES. By some this charge is supposed to represent a lance-rest, and is sometimes so blazoned: No. 228, which shows two varieties of form.

Clecheé. A variety of the heraldic Cross: No. 105.

Close. With closed wings.

Closet. A Diminutive of the Bar, one half its width.

Cloueé. Fastened with Nails, and showing the Nail-heads: No. 150.

Coat Armour. True armorial or heraldic bearings, duly granted or inherited, and rightly borne: so entitled, from having been depicted by warriors of the Middle Ages upon their surcoats, worn by them over their armour.

Coat of Arms. A complete armorial composition, properly what would be charged upon a Shield or Banner, but often used as an alternative for Achievement, q.v.

Cockatrice. A fabulous creature, represented in No. 229.

Collar. One of the insignia of Orders of Knighthood, worn about the neck. Also any ornament or distinction worn in the same manner. Knights occasionally wore collars charged with their own badge. In addition to their badges of the Red and White Rose, examples exist showing that adherents of the rival houses of York and Lancaster sometimes wore collars, the former formed of alternate Suns and Roses, No. 230; and the latter, of the letter S continually repeated, No. 231. No certain origin has been discovered for the Lancastrian "Collar of S.," but it has been suggested that it represents the word SOVERAYGNE, the motto of HENRY IV. No. 230 is from the Brass to HENRY BOURCHIER, K.G., Earl of Essex, at Little Easton, Suffolk, A.D. 1483; and No. 231 from the Brass to Lord CAMOYS, K.G., at Trotton, Sussex, A.D. 1424.

College of Arms, or Heralds' College. (See Herald.)

Colour. See Chapter V., page 41. The term "Colours" is applied to Flags, particularly to those of infantry regiments, and to such as are displayed at sea. (See Chapter XVII.)

Combatant. Two lions, or other animals of prey, rampant and face to face.

Compartment. In Scottish Heraldry, "a kind of carved panel, of no fixed form, placed below the escutcheon, bearing the supporters, and usually inscribed with a motto or the name and designation of the owner." --Seton. Other objects placed below the shield are met with under this description.

Componée, Compony, or Gobony. A single row of small squares alternately of two tinctures or furs: No. 66. (See Counter Componée.)

Complement, In her. Applied to the moon when full.

Compound Quartering. The quartering of a quarter, or division of a quartered Coat-of-Arms. (See page 34.)

Compound Arms. Arms formed from the combination of the bearings of two or more distinct coats, to produce a single compound coat.

Conjoined in Lure. Two wings united, their tips in base.

Contoise. A flowing scarf, worn attached to the helm before 1350. Two examples occur in effigies in Exeter Cathedral, and another in Westminster Abbey.

Contournée. Facing to the sinister.

Cornish Chough. A bird like a crow, black, with red beak and legs.

Coronet. An ensign of rank worn upon the head, in use in England from about the middle of the fourteenth century, but without any distinctive tokens of gradations of rank until a later period. In modern times English Coronets have enclosed a velvet cap with a bullion tassel. This cap originated in the cap of estate worn by Peers. (See Prince, Duke, Marquess, Earl, Viscount, and Baron.)

Cotise. A diminutive of the Bend or other Ordinary, being one-fourth of their width. Cotised. When a Bend or Chevron is placed between two Cotises, or when a Fesse or Bar is placed between two Barrulets. Nos. 114, 115.

Couchant. In repose. No. 177.

Couchée. Said of a Shield when suspended from the sinister extremity of the chief, or when placed as if it were so suspended. No. 49.

Count, Countess. Count, in Latin "Comes," the same as Earl. Countess, the wife of an Earl: she is "Right Honourable," and styled "My Lady": her coronet is the same as that of an Earl.

Counter. Reversed or opposite.

Counter-changing. See page 44, and Nos. 70, 126.

Counter Componée. Double Componée, or two conjoined rows of alternately tinctured squares. No. 67.

Counter-Embattled. A term in use for a fesse, bar, or chevron when embattled on both edges.

Counter-seal. Early seals were generally impressed on both sides; and the seals thus were produced from two dies or matrices. The two sides were severally called the seal and the counter-seal, the latter being termed the reverse of the compound composition. Every such double impression constituted a single seal. Both seal and counter-seal were sometimes used alone; and the counter-seal was regarded as a private seal, or secretum.

Couped. Cut off smoothly--the reverse of "erased."

Couple-close. Half a chevronel.

Courant. Running.

Courtesy, Titles of. Nominal degrees of rank, conceded to, and borne by, the Eldest Sons of Dukes, Marquesses, and Earls, and other titles used by their younger children and all children of Viscounts and Barons.

Coward, Cowed. A term applied to an animal with its tail between its legs. No. 182.

Crampet. The decorated end of a sword-scabbard.

Crancelin. From the German kranzlein, "a small garland," applied to the chaplet that crosses the shield of Saxony, No. 225: this charge is also blazoned as a bend treflée vert, a bend archée coronettée, or a coronet extended in bend: it is said to be an augmentation conferred, with the Dukedom of Saxony, on BERNHARD of Ascania, by the Emperor BARBAROSSA. The Emperor took from his head his own chaplet of rue, and threw it across the shield of Duke Bernhard. This story is probably untrue.

Crenellated. Embattled.

Crescent. No. 166. In modern English cadency, the difference of the second son, or house.

Cresset. A beacon.

Crest. A figure or device originally worn upon a helm, and now generally represented above a Shield of arms. Crests at first were ensigns of high honour, and their use was restricted to a few persons of eminence: they were attached by a wreath, or torse, or by a coronet, to the helm or basinet; and sometimes a crest stood upon a cap of estate. Crests are still represented standing upon either a wreath, or a cap, or issuing from a coronet: but in our own Heraldry a crest-coronet must always be carefully distinguished from those coronets that are insignia of princely and noble rank. Crests are not borne by ladies, a reigning Sovereign only excepted. (See Panache, Rebus, and Chapter XIV.)

Crest-Coronet. A coronet from which issues, or which supports, a crest. No. 232.

Crest-Wreath, or Torse. In the Middle Ages, of rich materials and costly workmanship; now represented as being formed of two rolls of silk of the principal metal and colour in the arms, which are twisted to show the metal and colour alternately. The earliest examples are about A.D. 1375. No. 233 shows three varieties of representation. (See Chapter XIV.)

Crined. Having a mane or hair.

Cross. One of the Ordinaries. Nos. 90-110.

Crown. The ensign of Royal and Imperial dignity; in Heraldry borne as a charge, and also used to denote the rank of a Sovereign Prince. The Crown that is generally borne as a charge is represented without arches, and resembling No. 232. Certain other crowns, each distinguished by an appropriate title, are also sometimes borne on shields, or introduced as heraldic accessories. (See Celestial, Eastern or Radiated, Mural, Naval, and Vallary Crowns.) The different forms assumed at different periods by the Royal Crown of England are faithfully exemplified in the seals and the coinage of the successive Sovereigns, and several fine examples are preserved in the Royal effigies. The adornment of the regal circlet was arbitrary before the fifteenth century; still, it always was enriched with gems and surmounted by golden foliage. HENRY V. first arched his crown; and by HENRY VI. the circlet was first heightened with alternate crosses-patée and fleurs de lys. This arrangement has since been retained, the subsequent alterations being restricted to changes in the number and in the contour of the arches. The crown of His Majesty the KING has the circlet heightened with four crosses and as many fleurs de lys; from the crosses rise the arches, which are surmounted by a mound and a cross-patée. No. 234. This, the heraldic crown, is not an exact reproduction of the actual crown of the King.

Crozier. Strictly, the cross-staff of an archbishop; distinguished by its form from the pastoral-staff with a crook-head, of bishops; but the term is loosely and very generally applied also to the crook-headed pastoral-staff.

Crusilee, Crusily. Having the field semée of crosses-crosslets, or of other small crosses, their peculiar form (when not crosslets) being specified.

Cubit arm. A human arm couped between the elbow and the wrist.

Cup, Covered Cup. A vessel formed like a chalice, and having a raised cover; borne by the BOTILERS, BUTLERS, &c.

Cushion, Pillow, Oreiller. Unless described of another form, square or oblong, and with a tassel at each corner.

Dacre Knot. No. 235. (See Knot.)

Dancetté. No. 38B. In early blazon, a fesse dancetté is styled simply "a dancette" or "a danse." Nos. 78, 146; and No. 20A, page 70.

Debruised. When an ordinary surmounts an animal or another charge.

Decrescent. A half-moon having its horns to the sinister. No. 166C.

Deer. In general practice very little if any differentiation is made between the Stag, the Buck, and the Hart; the female is a Hind, and of course is without attires. (See Chapter VIII.)

Degrees. A term applied to the steps upon which a Cross Calvary is represented.

Demembered, Dismembered. Cut into pieces, but without any alteration in the form of the original figure.

Demi. The half. The upper, front, or dexter half, unless the contrary be specified. No. 186.

Depressed. Surmounted.

Dexter. The right side. No. 27C.

Diaper, Diapering. Surface decoration. No. 68.

Difference, Differencing. An addition to, or some change in, a Coat-of-Arms, introduced for the purpose of distinguishing Coats which in their primary qualities are the same. (See Chapters XII. and XIII.)

Dimidiated. Cut in halves per pale, and one half removed: No. 250. (See Chapter XI.)

Disclosed. With expanded wings, in the case of birds that are not birds of prey. The contrary to Close.

Displayed. Birds of prey with expanded wings. No. 200.

Disposed, Disposition. Arranged, arrangement.

Dividing Lines. No. 38: also Nos. 27-37.

Dolphin. A favourite fish with Heralds. The heraldic Dolphin of antiquity is exemplified in No. 8; that of the Middle Ages in No. 163.

Dormant. Asleep, as in No. 179.

Double-queued. Having two tails. No. 181.

Doubling. The lining of a Mantle or Mantling.

Dove-tail. No. 381.

Dragon. A winged monster having four legs. No. 236.

Duke. The highest rank and title in the British Peerage; first introduced by EDWARD III. in the year 1337, when he created the BLACK PRINCE the first English Duke (in Latin, "Dux"). A Duke is "Most Noble"; he is styled "My Lord Duke," and "Your Grace"; and all his younger sons are "Lords," and all his daughters "Ladies," with the prefix "Right Honourable." His eldest son bears, by courtesy, his father's "second title"; and, accordingly, he generally bears the title of Marquess. Whatever his title, however, the rank of the eldest son of a Duke is always the same, and it assigns to him precedence between Marquesses and Earls. The Coronet of a Duke, arbitrary in its adornment until the sixteenth century was far advanced, is now a circlet, heightened with eight conventional strawberry-leaves, of which in representations three and two half-leaves are shown; No. 237. It encloses a velvet cap. The present ducal coronet is represented in the portrait of LUDOVICK STUART, K.G., Duke of RICHMOND and LENNOX, who died in 1624; the picture, the property of the Crown, is at Hampton Court.

Ducal Coronet. A term commonly, but not very accurately, applied to a Crest Coronet. No. 232.

Duchess. The wife of a Duke. She is "Most Noble," and is styled "Your Grace." Her coronet is the same as that of a Duke.

Eagle. See Chapter IX., page 92.

Eaglet. An Eagle on a small scale.

Earl. In Latin, "Comes"; in French, "Comte" or "Count." Before 1337, the highest, and now the third degree of rank and dignity in the British Peerage. An Earl is "Right Honourable"; he is styled "My Lord"; his eldest son bears his father's "second title," generally that of Viscount; his other sons are styled "Honourable," but all his daughters are "Ladies." The circlet of an Earl's Coronet has eight lofty rays of gold rising from the circlet, each of which supports a large pearl, while between each pair of these rays there is a golden strawberry-leaf. In representations five of the rays and pearls are shown; No. 238. Elevated clusters of pearls appear in an Earl's coronet--that of THOMAS FITZ ALAN, Earl of ARUNDEL--as early as 1445; but the present form of the coronet may be assigned to the second half of the following century.

Eastern, Radiated, or Antique Crown. No. 239.

Electoral Bonnet. A cap of crimson velvet guarded with ermine, borne, in the Royal Arms, over the inescutcheon of the arms of Hanover from 1801 till 1816. No. 240.

Embattled, and Counter-Embattled. A term applied to a fess or bar when so depicted both above and below.

Embowed. Bent. An arm embowed has the elbow to the dexter, unless blazoned to the contrary.

Embrued. Stained with blood.

Endorse. A diminutive of the pale.

Enfiled. Pierced, e.g. with a sword, or surrounded, e.g. with a coronet.

Engrailed. The border-line, No. 38D.

Enhanced. Raised towards the chief. Thus the arms of BYRON, No. 241, are--Arg., three bendlets enhanced gu.

Ensigned. Adorned; having some ensign of honour placed above--as a coronet above a shield.

Entire. Said of a charge when it is necessary to express that it extends to the border lines of a shield, coat, or banner; also of a shield, coat, or banner of arms, when borne without any difference or mark of cadency.

Entoire, Entoyre. A bordure charged with a series of inanimate figures or devices, as crosslets, roundles, &c.; to a similar bordure of living figures the term Enaluron is applied. These are not terms ordinarily in use.

Enveloped, Environed. Surrounded.

Equipped. Fully armed, caparisoned, or provided.

Eradicated. Torn up by the roots.

Erased. Torn off with a ragged edge; the contrary to Couped.

Ermine, Ermines, Erminois. Nos. 57-60 and 57A. The animal, the ermine, sometimes appears in blazon, and an ermine spot is borne as a charge.

Erne. An eagle. (See p. 96.)

Escarbuncle. No. 19.

Escroll. A ribbon charged with a motto; also a ribbon, coiled at its extremities, borne as a charge.

Escutcheon. An heraldic shield: Nos. 39-40: also No. 27. An Escutcheon, when borne as a charge, is usually blazoned as an "Inescutcheon": thus, the Arms of HAY are,--Arg., three inescutcheons gu.: see also Nos. 131, 133.

Escutcheon of Pretence. A shield charged upon the centre of the field of another shield of larger size, and bearing a distinct Coat-of-Arms.

Escallop, or Escallop-Shell. A beautiful and favourite charge; No. 165.

Esquire. A rank below that of Knight. Besides those Esquires who are personal attendants of Knights of Orders of Knighthood at their installations, this title is held by most attendants on the person of the Sovereign, and all persons holding or having held the Sovereign's commission in which they are so styled.

Estate. Dignity and rank.

Estoile. A star with wavy rays or points, which are six, eight, or sometimes even more in number: No. 242. (See Mullet.)

False. Said of any charge when its central area is removed--thus, an Annulet is a "false roundle."

Fan, or Winnowing Fan, or Vane. The well-known implement of husbandry of that name, borne by the Kentish Family of De Sevans or Septvans--Az., three fans or (E. 2). This shield appears in the Brass to Sir R. DE SEVANS, A.D. 1305, at Chartham, in Kent, and in the cloisters at Canterbury.

Fan Crest. An early form of decoration for the knightly helm, exemplified in the 2nd Great Seal of RICHARD I., and in many other Seals, until about A.D. 1350. (See Chapter XIV.)

Feathers. Generally those of the Ostrich, sometimes of the swan, the turkey, and a few other birds, borne generally as Crests and Badges, both singly and in plumes or groups. (See Ostrich Feather, Panache, and Chapter XIV.)

Femme. The Wife, as distinguished from the "Baron," the Husband.

Fer-de-Moline, or Mill-rind. The iron affixed to the centre of a mill-stone; No. 243: a modification of the Cross-moline; No. 97.

Fermail (plural Fermaux). A buckle: No. 244. Several varieties of form appear in blazon, it being usual to specify them as round, oval, square, or lozenge-shaped. They are always blazoned as buckles.

Fess, or Fesse. One of the Ordinaries: Nos. 76-80. Fesse-wise, In Fesse. Disposed in a horizontal line, side by side, across the centre of the field, and over the Fesse-Point of a shield: No. 27, M.

Fetter-lock. A shackle and padlock--a Yorkist Badge: No. 245; is from the Brass to Sir S. DE FELBRIGGE, K.G., at Felbrigg, Norfolk, A.D. 1414; this, however, being a very unusual shape.

Field. The entire surface of a Shield or Banner, or of an Ordinary.

File. A Label, from the Latin filum, a narrow ribbon.

Fillet. A diminutive of a Chief.

Fimbriated. Bordered--the border (which is narrow) lying in the same plane with the object bordered: No. 89.

Fish. Numerous Fish appear in blazon, and generally in their proper tinctures. They are borne as allusive charges, and also as types of some connection between those persons who bear them and the sea or lakes or rivers. Mr. Moule has published an admirable volume on the "Heraldry of Fish," beautifully illustrated with examples drawn by his daughter. (See p. 77.)

Fitchée. Pointed at the base, as in No. 110.

Flanches, Flasques. Subordinaries: Nos. 141, 142.

Fleur de lys. The beautiful heraldic device so long identified with the history of France: No. 246 (from the monument of EDWARD III.?). The fleur de lys, derived, it would seem, from the flower of a lily resembling the iris, was adopted by LOUIS VII. (A.D. 1137-1180) as his royal ensign, and in due time it was regularly charged upon a true Shield of Arms. Originally the Royal Shield of France was--Az., semée of fleurs de lys, or; the fleurs de lys scattered freely over the field, and the Shield itself having the appearance of having been cut out of a larger object, over the whole surface of which the flowers had been semée. This Shield of France is distinguished as "France Ancient": No. 247. About A.D. 1365, CHARLES V. of France reduced the number of the fleurs de lys to three; and this Shield is now known as "France Modern": No. 248. In the year 1275, EDMUND, first Earl of Lancaster, the second son of HENRY III., married BLANCHE of Artois, when he differenced his shield of England with a label of France--a blue label charged on each point with three golden fleurs de lys. No. 249, thus, for the first time did the armorial insignia of England and France appear together upon the same Shield. In 1299 EDWARD I. married his second Queen, MARGARET of France, and then this royal lady placed on one of her Seals a Shield of England and France dimidiated: No. 250. On another of her Seals, a very noble example of the Seal-engraver's art, Queen MARGARET displayed the Shield of King EDWARD I., her husband, surrounded, on the field of the Seal, with her father's fleurs de lys: No. 251. On the Seals of ISABELLE of France, Queen of EDWARD II., the same dimidiated shield, and another shield quartering the arms of England with France Ancient and two other French coats (Navarre and Champagne) appear. Then Prince JOHN of ELTHAM charged a "bordure of France" upon his shield, No. 24; thus applying the suggestion of the Seal of Queen MARGARET, No. 251, in such a manner as was consistent with the advanced condition of heraldic art. On his accession in 1327, EDWARD III. placed a fleur de lys on each side of the Shield of England upon his Great Seal: and in 1340, when he claimed the crown of France, EDWARD quartered France Ancient with his lions of England: No. 252. Shortly after his accession, perhaps in 1405, in order to conform to the altered blazonry of the French sovereigns, HENRY IV. quartered France Modern on his shield: No. 253. The position of the three fleurs de lys was more than once changed in the Royal Shield of England (as I shall hereafter show more particularly) after the accession of the STUARTS; and they were not finally removed till the first year of the nineteenth century. The fleur de lys is also borne on many English Shields, disposed in various ways. In modern cadency the fleur de lys is the difference of the sixth son, or house.

Fleurettée, Florettée. Terminating in, or bordered with, fleurs de lys; also, semée de lys.

Fleurie, or Fleury. Ending as No. 100; also, semée de lys.

Flexed. Bowed, bent.

Flighted. Feathered, as arrows are.

Fly. The length, and also the side of a flag farthest from the staff.

Foliated. Crisped, or formed like a leaf.

Fountain. No. 153.

Fourchée, Queue Fourchée. A term applied to a lion with a forked tail.

Fret, or Frette. A subordinary: No. 148. Frettée, Fretty: covered with fretwork: No. 149.

Fructed. Bearing fruit or seeds.

Furs. See p. 41: Nos. 57-65.

Fusil. An elongated Lozenge: No. 20A, p. 70. Fusillée, or Fusilly. A field entirely composed of Fusils, all lying in the same plane.

Fylfot. A peculiar cruciform figure, supposed to have a mystic signification, found in military and ecclesiastical decorations in England, and on Eastern coins, &c.: Nos. 254, 255; the latter example is from the monument of Bishop BRONSCOMBE, in Exeter Cathedral.

Gad, Gadlyng. A spike, knob, or other figure, projecting from the knuckles of gauntlets.

Galley. An ancient ship. (See Lymphad.)

Garb. A sheaf of wheat; if of any other grain, this to be specified.

Garnished. Adorned in a becoming manner.

Garter, Order of the. See Chapter XIX.

Garter King-of-Arms. The chief of the official Heralds of England, and officer of arms of the Order of the Garter. (See Herald.)

Gemelles. See Bars Gemelles.

Gem-Ring. A ring for the finger, set with a jewel.

Genet. A spotted animal, somewhat like a marten: a badge of Queen JOANNA of Navarre.

George, Saint. The Patron Saint of England. The circumstances which led to his association with England are unknown. His Shield of arms, a red cross on a silver field, first appears in English Heraldry in the fourteenth century: No. 1.

George, The. A mounted figure of the Saint in the act of piercing the dragon with his lance, and worn as a pendant to the collar of the Order of the Garter; added to the insignia of the Order, with the Collar, by HENRY VII. The Lesser George has the same group on an enamelled field, and surrounded by the Garter of the Order, the whole forming a "jewel," generally oval in shape: it was introduced by HENRY VIII., and is now worn pendent from the dark-blue ribbon of the Order, the ribbon passing over the left shoulder and the jewel hanging on the right side of the wearer. Originally, this "Lesser George" was worn from either a gold chain or a black ribbon: by Queen ELIZABETH the colour of the ribbon was changed to sky-blue, and it assumed its present darker hue in the reign of CHARLES II.

Gerattyng. Differencing by the introduction of small charges. It is an early term, now obsolete.

Gimmel-ring. Two annulets, interlaced.

Girt, Girdled. Encircled, or bound round.

Gonfannon. A long flag, pointed or swallow-tailed at the fly, and displayed from a transverse bar attached to a staff.

Gorged. Encircled round the throat.

Gouttée, Guttée. Sprinkled over with drops either of gold--gouttée d'or; of silver--d'eau; of blue--de larmes (tears); of red--de sang (blood); or of black--de poix (pitch).

Grand Quarters. The four primary divisions of a Shield, when it is divided quarterly: Nos. 30, 36, 37. The term "Grand Quarter" may be used to signify a primary quarter or division of a quartered Shield or Coat, and to distinguish such a quarter when it is quartered.

Grieces. Steps.

Guardant. Looking out from the field: Nos. 172, 174, 176, 187.

Guige. A Shield-belt, worn over the right shoulder, and frequently represented in heraldic compositions as if sustaining a Shield of arms: Nos. 48, 49.

Gules. Red: No. 53.

Gurges, or Gorges. A charge formed of a spiral line of blue on a white field, and supposed to represent a whirlpool: borne (H. 3) by R. DE GORGES: No. 256.

Gyron. A Subordinary. Gyronny. A field divided into Gyrons: No. 147. (See page 70.)

Habited. Clothed.

Hames, Heames. Parts of horses' harness.

Hammer, or Martel. Represented in blazon much in the same shape as the implement in common use (H. 3).

Harp. A device and badge of Ireland. The Irish Harp of gold with silver strings on a blue field forms the third quarter of the Royal Arms.

Hart. A stag, with attires; the female is a Hind: page 81.

Hastilude. A tournament.

Hatchment. An achievement of arms in a lozenge-shaped frame, placed upon the front (generally over the principal entrance) of the residence of a person lately deceased. In the case of the decease of an unmarried person, or of a widower or widow, the whole of the field of the hatchment is painted black; but in the case of a married person, that part only of the field is black which adjoins the side of the achievement occupied by the armorial insignia of the individual deceased. Thus, if a husband be deceased, the dexter half of the field of the hatchment is black, and the sinister white; and so, in like manner, if the wife be deceased, the sinister is black and the dexter white.

Hauriant. A fish in pale, its head in chief.

Hawk's bells, jesses, and lure. A falconer's decoy, formed of feathers with their tips in base, and joined by a cord and ring, No. 257; also bells with straps to be attached to hawks, No. 258.

Heightened. Raised; placed above or higher.

Heights. Applied to plumes of feathers which are arranged in rows or sets, one rising above another. See Panache.

Helm, Helmet. Now placed as an accessory above a Shield of arms, and bearing its Crest after the fashion in which, in the Middle Ages, both Helm and Crest were actually worn in tournaments. A modern usage distinguishes Helms as follows:--The Sovereign--Helm of gold, with six bars, set affrontée, No. 259; Noblemen--Helm of silver, garnished with gold, set in profile, and showing five bars, No. 260; Baronets and Knights--of steel with silver ornaments, without bars, the vizor raised, set affrontée, No. 261; Esquires and Gentlemen--of steel, the vizor closed, and set in profile, Nos. 262, 263. The Helms that appear on early Seals and in other heraldic compositions till about A.D. 1600, are all set in profile, and the shield generally hangs from them couchée, as in No. 49. In these early compositions, the shield is small in proportion to the helm and its accessories.

Hemp-brake, Hackle. An instrument having saw-teeth, used for bruising hemp.

Heneage Knot. No. 264.

Herald. An officer of arms. The Heralds of England were incorporated by RICHARD III.; and from Queen MARY, in 1555, they received a grant of Derby House, on the site of which, between St. Paul's Cathedral and the Thames, stands their present official residence, HERALDS' COLLEGE, or the COLLEGE OF ARMS. The college now consists of three KINGS-OF-ARMS--Garter, Clarenceux, and Norroy; six HERALDS, who have precedence by seniority of appointment--Chester, Lancaster, Richmond, Windsor, York, and Somerset; and four PURSUIVANTS--Rouge Dragon, Portcullis, Rouge Croix, and Bluemantle. The official habit is a Tabard, emblazoned with the Royal Arms, and the Kings and Heralds wear a Collar of SS. The Kings have a Crown, formed of a golden circlet, from which rise sixteen oak-leaves, nine of which appear in representations; and the circlet itself is charged with the words, Miserere mei Deus secundum magnam misericordiam tuam ("Have mercy on me, O God, according to thy great loving-kindness").

The supreme head of the English Heralds, under the SOVEREIGN, is the EARL MARSHAL, an office hereditary in the family of the DUKE OF NORFOLK. The Arms of the College are--Arg., a cross gu., between four doves their dexter wings expanded and inverted az.: No. 265; Crest--From a crest-coronet or, a dove rising az.; Supporters--Two lions ramp. guard. arg., ducally gorged or. Each of the Kings has his own official arms, which he impales with his paternal coat on the dexter side of the shield. The Arms of Garter are--Arg., a cross gu.; on a chief az., a ducal coronet encircled with a Garter of the Order, between a lion of England and a fleur de lys, all or. Clarenceux and Norroy have the same shield, but the former has a lion of England only, crowned, on a chief gules; and the latter, on a chief per pale az. and gu., has a similar lion between a fleur de lys and a key, all of gold.

There is also another King styled "Bath," who is specially attached to the Order of the Bath; he is not a member of the College.

"Lyon King-of-Arms" is the chief Herald of Scotland; and the establishment over which he presides is styled the "Lyon Office." The Arms of the Office are--Arg., a lion sejant erect and affronté gu., holding in his dexter paw a thistle slipped vert, and in the sinister an escutcheon of the second; on a chief az., a saltire of the first: No. 266.

Ireland is the heraldic province of "Ulster King-of-Arms." His official armorial ensigns differ from those of Garter only in the charges of the chief, which are a lion of England between a golden harp and a portcullis.

Herison. A hedgehog.

Hill, Hillock. A mound of earth.

Hirondelle. A swallow.

Hoist. The depth of a flag from chief to base. See Fly.

Honour Point. No. 27, L.

Humettée. Cut short at the extremities.

Hurst. A clump of trees.

Hurt. A blue roundle.

Illegitimacy. See Chapter XII.

Imbrued, or Embrued. Stained with blood.

Impaled. Conjoined per pale.

Impalement. The uniting of two (or more) distinct coats per pale, to form a single achievement.

Imperially Crowned. Ensigned with the Crown of England.

Incensed, Inflamed. On fire; having fire issuing forth.

Increscent. No. 166, B. See Decrescent.

Indented. No. 38, A.

Inescutcheon. An heraldic Shield borne as a charge. This term is sometimes used to denote an Escutcheon of Pretence.

In bend. Disposed in the position of a bend; In Chevron, In Chief, In Cross, In Fesse, &c. Disposed after the manner of a chevron, or in the chief of the shield, or in the form of a cross, &c.

In Foliage. Bearing leaves.

In Lure. Wings conjoined in the form of a hawk's lure.

In her piety. A term applied to a pelican feeding her young.

In Pretence. A term applied to a single inescutcheon placed upon and in the centre of a larger escutcheon.

In Pride. Having the tail displayed, as a peacock's.

In Quadrangle. When four charges are so disposed that one is in each quarter of the shield.

In Splendour. The sun irradiated.

Irradiated. Surrounded by rays of light.

Issuant. Proceeding from, or out of.

Jambe, Gambe. The leg of a lion, or other beast of prey: No. 185.

Jelloped. Having wattles and a comb, as a cock.

Jesses. Straps for hawk's bells.

Jessant. Shooting forth. Jessant de lys.--A combination of a leopard's face and a fleur-de-lys: No. 267.

Joust. A tournament.

Jupon. A short, sleeveless surcoat, worn over armour from about 1340 to about 1405. It is often charged with armorial insignia, and thus is a true "coat of arms."

Key. When represented in early blazon, Keys have always elegant forms. No. 268 is from Peterborough Cathedral, and No. 269 from Exeter.

King-of-Arms. See Herald.

Knighthood, Orders of: Knights. See Chapter XVI.

Knot. An intertwined cord, borne as a badge. The varieties of this device are--The Bourchier, No. 219; the Bowen, No. 220; the Harington (the same as a Frette), No. 148; the Heneage, No. 264; the Lacy, No. 274; the Stafford, No. 304; and the Wake and Ormond, No. 313. Cords were sometimes intertwined about other figures and devices, and so formed what may be regarded as Compound Badges, which significantly declared the union of two houses: thus, the knot of EDWARD Lord HASTINGS unites the Hungerford sickle with the Peverel garbe: No. 270; and the Dacre knot is entwined about the Dacre escallop and the famous "ragged staff" of Beauchamp and Neville: No. 235.

Label, or File. A narrow ribbon placed across the field of a shield near the chief, and having three, five, or sometimes other numbers of points depending from it, its object being to mark Cadency. In the early Labels the number of the points was arbitrary, the usual numbers being five and three; and, subsequently, three points were almost universally used; the object always was to render the Label conspicuous. In blazon a Label is supposed to have three points; but, if more, the number is to be specified; thus, No. 271 is simply "a Label," but No. 272 is "a Label of five points." Labels appear early in the thirteenth century, and in the next century they are in constant use. Various charges may be placed on the "points" of Labels to extend their capacity for "differencing." Since the time of EDWARD the BLACK PRINCE the Label of the PRINCE OF WALES has been plain silver. The Label is almost exclusively (now without any exception) used in Royal Cadency; but, in modern Heraldry, in the case of all other persons it is the peculiar mark of the eldest son. The Label is also found as a charge. It has become a usage in the degenerate days of Heraldry to represent the Label as in No. 273, instead of the earlier and far preferable forms of Nos. 271, 272.

Lacy Knot. No. 274.

Lambrequin. A mantling.

Langued. A term which refers to the tincture of an animal's tongue.

Leaves. Their peculiarities are to be blazoned, as laurel leaves, oak leaves, &c.

Leopard, Leopardé. See page 84.

Letters of the Alphabet sometimes are Charges. Thus, the Arms of the Deanery of Canterbury are--Az., on a cross arg., the letter "x" surmounted by the letter "i" sable: the "x" is on the cross at the intersection of its limbs, and the "i" is above it.

Line, or Border Line. No. 38.

Lined. Having a cord attached: also, having a lining.

Lion. See page 83.

Lioncel. A lion drawn to a small scale, and generally rampant, Nos. 114, 115, 197.

Livery Colours. Of the PLANTAGENETS, as one family, white and scarlet; of the house of YORK, blue and murrey; of the house of LANCASTER, white and blue; of the house of TUDOR, white and green. The present Royal Livery is scarlet and gold. In the Middle Ages, all great families had their own livery colours, which had no necessary relation to the tinctures of the shield.

Lodged. A term denoting animals of the chase when at rest or in repose, Nos. 25, 26.

Lozenge. A square figure set diagonally, No. 47 (also see page 69). The armorial insignia of unmarried ladies and widows, with the sole exception of a Sovereign, are blazoned on a Lozenge instead of an Escutcheon.

Lozengy. A field divided lozengewise: No. 145.

Luce, or Lucy. The fish now called pike. See page 77 and No. 164.

Lure. See In Lure.

Lymphad. An ancient galley, No. 275. It was the feudal ensign of the Scottish lordship of LORN, and as such quartered by the Duke of ARGYLL.

Maintenance, Cap of. See Chapeau.

Manche, Maunche. A lady's sleeve with a long pendent lappet, worn in the time of HENRY I., and borne as an armorial charge by the families of HASTINGS, CONYERS, and some others. HASTINGS (H. 3)--Or, a manche gu.: No. 276.

Mantle. A flowing robe worn over the armour, or over their ordinary costume, by personages of distinction of both sexes: the mantles of ladies were commonly decorated with armorial blazonry.

Mantling, or Lambrequin. A small mantle of some rich materials, attached to the knightly basinet or helm, and worn hanging down. It is usually represented with jagged edges, to represent the cuts to which it would be exposed in actual battle: No. 199. (See Panache.) Mantlings blazoned with achievements of arms are sometimes adjusted in folds to form a background to the composition, and they are also occasionally differenced with various charges.

Marquess, Marquis. The second order of the British Peerage, in rank next to that of Duke. This rank and title were introduced into England in 1387, by RICHARD II., who then created his favourite, ROBERT DE VERE, Marquess of DUBLIN. The next creation was by HENRY VI. A Marquess is "Most Honourable"; he is styled "My Lord Marquess": all his younger sons are "Lords," and his daughters "Ladies"; his eldest son bears his father's "second title." The Coronet, apparently contemporary in its present form with that of Dukes, has its golden circlet heightened with four strawberry leaves and as many pearls, arranged alternately: in representations two of the pearls, and one leaf and two half-leaves are shown, No. 277. The wife of a Marquess is a "Marchioness"; her style corresponds with that of her husband, and her coronet is the same.

Marshalling. The disposition of more than one distinct coat of arms upon a shield, so forming a single composition; or the aggroupment of two or more distinct shields, so as to form a single composition; also the association of such accessories as the helm, mantling, crest, &c., and of knightly and other insignia with a shield of arms, thus again forming a single heraldic composition. See Chapter XI.

Martel. A hammer.

Martlet. The heraldic Martin, usually represented without feet: Nos. 160, 161, and 70 and 86.

Mascle. Lozenge voided: No. 143. Masculée. A field divided mascle-wise.

Masoned. Representing brickwork.

Membered. To denote the legs of a bird.

Merchant's mark. A device, adopted as early as 1400 by merchants, as a substitute for heraldic ensigns which were not conceded to them. Such marks are the predecessors of the Trade-brands and Marks of after times.

Mermaid, Merman, or Triton. The well-known fabulous creatures of the sea, borne occasionally as charges, but more frequently as supporters, badges, or crests. A mermaid was the device of Sir WILLIAM DE BRIVERE, who died in 1226, and it is the badge of the BERKELEYS.

Metal. The Tinctures Or and Argent: Nos. 50, 51.

Mill-rind. See Fer-de-Moline.

Mitre. The ensign of archiepiscopal and episcopal rank, placed above the arms of prelates of the Church of England, sometimes borne as a charge, and adopted by the BERKELEYS as their crest. The contour of the mitre has varied considerably at different periods, the early examples being low and concave in their sides, the later lofty and convex. See No. 159.

Moline. A cross terminating like a Fer-de-moline, No. 97. In modern cadency it is the difference of the eighth son.

Moon. No. 166, page 80.

Motto. A word, or very short sentence, placed generally below a shield but sometimes above a crest, an idea perhaps derived from the "war-cries" of early times. A motto may be emblematical, or it may have some allusion to the person bearing it, or to his name and armorial insignia; or it may be the epigrammatic expression of some sentiment in special favour with the bearer of it. As a matter of course, allusive mottoes, like allusive arms, afford curious examples of mediæval puns. I give a few characteristic examples:--"Vero nil verius" (nothing truer than truth, or, no greater verity than in Vere)--VERE; "Fare, fac" (Speak--act; that is, a word and blow)--FAIRFAX; "Cave" (beware)--CAVE; "Cavendo tutus" (safe, by caution, or by Cavendish)--CAVENDISH; "Set on," says SETON; "Fight on," quoth FITTON; "Festina lente" (On slow--push forward, but be cautious, that is), adds ONSLOW. Again: JEFFERAY says, "Je feray ce que je diray" (I shall be true to my word); SCUDAMORE--Scutum amoris divini (the shield of Divine love); says JAMES--"J'aime jamais" (I love ever); says ESTWICK--"Est hic" (he is here); and POLE--"Pollet virtus" (valour prevails); and TEV--"Tais en temps" (be silent in time). The crest of CHARTERIS, an arm with the hand grasping a sword, has over it--"This our charter is." In his arms the Marquess CHOLMONDELEY bears two helmets, and his motto is--"Cassis tutissima virtus" (valour is the safest helm); the crest of the MARTINS of Dorsetshire was an ape, with the significant motto--"He who looks at Martin's ape, Martin's ape shall look at him!" The motto of PERCEVAL is--"Perse valens" (strong in himself); but, "Do no yll," quoth DOYLE. Some "lippes," as Camden remarks, have a taste for "this kind of lettuce."

Mound. A globe, encircled and arched over with rich bands, and surmounted by a cross-patée, the whole an ensign of the royal estate. A mound or orb forms part of the regalia, and the same form appears upon the intersecting arches of the crown of the SOVEREIGN; and it also surmounts the single arch of the coronet of the PRINCE OF WALES: Nos. 234, 289.

Mount. A green hill.

Mullet. A star, generally of five, but sometimes of six or more points (if more than five the number to be specified), always formed by right lines, as No. 278. A mullet is sometimes "pierced," as in No. 279, when the tincture of the field is generally apparent through the circular aperture. In modern cadency an unpierced mullet is the difference of the third son. See Estoile.

Mural Crown. Represents masonry, and is embattled: No. 280.

Naiant. Swimming in fesse. See Hauriant.

Naissant. Equivalent to Issuant, but applied only to living creatures.

Naval Crown. Has its circlet heightened with figures of the stern and the hoisted sail of a ship alternating: No. 281.

Nebulée, or Nebuly. No. 38, H.

Nimbus. A glory about the head of a figure of a sainted personage: sometimes used to denote sanctity in a symbolical device.

Norroy. See Herald.

Nova Scotia, Badge of. See Baronet.

Nowed. Coiled in a knot, as a snake.

Ogress. A Pellet, or black roundle.

Opinicus. A fabulous heraldic monster, a dragon before, and a lion behind with a camel's tail.

Oppressed. An alternative for Debruised.

Or. The metal gold: No. 50.

Ordinary. An early principal charge of a simple character. See Chapter VI., and Nos. 71-128: see also page 14.

Ordinary of arms. A list of armorial bearings, classified or arranged alphabetically, with the names of the bearers. See Armory.

Oreiller. A cushion or pillow, generally with tassels.

Orle. A Subordinary formed of a border of a Shield, which is charged upon another and a larger shield, as in No. 134. In Orle. Arranged after the manner of an Orle, forming a border to a Shield, as in No. 86.

Ostrich feathers. A Royal Badge: also a Device in a few instances charged by Royal and some other personages on an Armorial Shield. See