Part 1688

<h1>Casting</h1> <Xpage=223>

<hw>Cast"ing</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of one who casts or throws, as in fishing.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>The act or process of making cast or impressions, or of shaping metal or plaster in a mold; the act or the process of pouring molten metal into a mold.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which is cast in a mold; esp. the mass of metal so cast; <as>as, a <ex>casting</ex> in iron; bronze <ex>casting</ex>.</as></def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>The warping of a board.</def>

<i>Brande & C.</i>

<p><b>5.</b> <def>The act of casting off, or that which is cast off, as skin, feathers, excrement, etc.</def>

<cs><col>Casting of draperies</col>, <cd>the proper distribution of the folds of garments, in painting and sculpture.</cd> -- <col>Casting line</col> <fld>(Fishing)</fld>, <cd>the leader; also, sometimes applied to the long reel line.</cd> <col>Casting net</col>, <cd>a net which is cast and drawn, in distinction from a net that is set and left.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Casting voice</col>, <col>Casting vote</col></mcol>, <cd>the decisive vote of a presiding officer, when the votes of the assembly or house are equally divided. "When there was an equal vote, the governor had the <i>casting voice<i>." <i>B. Trumbull</i>.</cd> -- <col>Casting weight</col>, <cd>a weight that turns a balance when exactly poised.</cd></cs>

<h1>Cast iron</h1> <Xpage=223>

<hw>Cast" i`ron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>. <def>Highly carbonized iron, the direct product of the blast furnace; -- used for making castings, and for conversion into wrought iron and steel. It can not be welded or forged, is brittle, and sometimes very hard. Besides carbon, it contains sulphur, phosphorus, silica, etc.</def>

<h1>Cast-iron</h1> <Xpage=223>

<hw>Cast"-i`ron</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Made of cast iron. Hence, Fig.: like cast iron; hardy; unyielding.</def>

<h1>Castle</h1> <Xpage=223>

<hw>Cas"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>castel</ets>, fr. L. <ets>castellum</ets>, dim. of <ets>castrum</ets> a fortified place, castle.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A fortified residence, especially that of a prince or nobleman; a fortress.</def>

<blockquote>The house of every one is to him <b>castle</b> and fortress, as well for his defense againts injury and violence, as for his repose. <i>Coke.</i></blockquote>

<blockquote>Our <b>castle's</b> strength Will laugh a siege to scorn. <i>Shak.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; Originally the medi\'91val <i>castle</i> was a single strong tower or keep, with a palisaded inclosure around it and inferior buidings, such as stables and the like, and surrounded by a moat; then such a keep or donjon, with courtyards or baileys and accessory buildings of greater elaboration a great hall and a chapel, all surrounded by defensive walls and a moat, with a drawbridge, etc. Afterwards the name was retained by large dwellings that had formerly been fortresses, or by those which replaced ancient fortresses.</note>

<-- Illustration of "Castle at Pierrefonds, France": -->

<caption><i>A</i> Donjon or Keep, an irregular building containing the dwelling of the lord and his family; <i>B C</i> Large round towers ferming part of the donjon and of the exterior; <i>D</i> Square tower, separating the two inner courts and forming part of the donjon; <i>E</i> Chapel, whose apse forms a half-round tower, <i>F</i>, on the exterior walls; <i>G H</i> Round towers on the exterior walls; <i>K</i> Postern gate, reached from outside by a removable fight of steps or inclined plane for hoisting in stores, and leading to a court, <i>L</i> (see small digagram) whose pavement is on a level with the sill of the postern, but below the level of the larger court, with which it communicates by a separately fortified gateway; <i>M</i> Turret, containing spiral stairway to all the stories of the great tower, <i>B</i>, and serving also as a station for signal fire, banner, etc.; <i>N</i> Turret with stairway for tower, <i>C</i>; <i>O</i> Echauguettes; <i>P P P</i> Battlemants consisting of merlons and crenels alternately, the merlons being pierced by loopholes; <i>Q Q</i> Machicolations (those at <i>Q</i> defend the postern <i>K</i>); <i>R</i> Outwork defending the approach, which is a road ascending the hill and passing under all four faces of the castle; <i>S S</i> Wall of the outer bailey. The road of approach enters the bailey at <i>T</i> and passes thence into the castle by the main entrance gateway (which is in the wall between, and defended by the towers, <i>C H</i>) and over two drawbridges and through fortified passages to the inner court.</caption>

<-- end of illustration caption. -->

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Any strong, imposing, and stately mansion.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <def>A small tower, as on a ship, or an elephant's back.</def>

<p><b>4.</b> <def>A piece, made to represent a castle, used in the game of chess; a rook.</def>

<cs><col>Castle in the air</col>, <cd>a visionary project; a baseless scheme; an air castle; -- sometimes called a <i>castle in Spain<i> (F. <i>Ch\'83teau en Espagne<i>).</cd></cs>

<syn>Syn. -- Fortress; fortification; citadel; stronghold. See <er>Fortress</er>.</syn>

<h1>Castle</h1> <Xpage=223>

<hw>Cas"tle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Castled</er> <tt>(<?/)</tt>. p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Castling</er> <tt>(?)</tt>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Chess)</fld> <def>To move the castle to the square next to king, and then the king around the castle to the square next beyond it, for the purpose of covering the king.</def>

<h1>Castlebuilder</h1> <Xpage=223>