Part 1637

<cs><col>Carboniferous age</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>the age immediately following the <i>Devonian<i>, or <i>Age of fishes<i>, and characterized by the vegatation which formed the coal beds. This age embraces three periods, the <i>Subcarboniferous<i>, the <i>Carboniferous<i>, and <i>Permian<i>. See <cref>Age of acrogens</cref>, under <er>Acrogen</er>.</cd> -- <col>Carboniferous formation</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>the series of rocks (including sandstones, shales, limestones, and conglomerates, with beds of coal) which make up the strata of the <i>Carboniferous age &or; period</i>. See the Diagram under <er>Geology</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Carbonization</h1> <Xpage=217>

<hw>Car`bon*i*za"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>carbonisation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of carbonizing.</def>

<h1>Carbonize</h1> <Xpage=217>

<hw>Car"bon*ize</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Carbonized</er> <tt>(?)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Carbonizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>carboniser</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cover (an animal or vegatable substance) into a residue of carbon by the action of fire or some corrosive agent; to char.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>To impregnate or combine with carbon, as in making steel by cementation.</def>

<h1>Carbonometer</h1> <Xpage=217>

<hw>Car`bon*om"e*ter</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Carbon</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for detecting and measuring the amount of carbon which is present, or more esp. the amount of carbon dioxide, by its action on limewater or by other means.</def>

<h1>Carbonyl</h1> <Xpage=217>

<hw>Car"bon*yl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Carbon</ets> + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The radical <chform>(CO)\'b7\'b7</chform>, occuring, always combined, in many compounds, as the aldehydes, the ketones, urea, carbonyl chloride, etc.</def>

<note>&hand; Though denoted by a formula identical with that of carbon monoxide, it is chemically distinct, as carbon seems to be divalent in carbon monoxide, but tetravalent in carbonyl compounds.</note>

<cs><col>Carbonyl chloride</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a colorless gas, <chform>COCl2</chform>, of offensive odor, and easily condensable to liquid. It is formed from chlorine and carbon monoxide, under the influence of light, and hence has been called <altname>phosgene gas</altname>; -- called also <altname>carbon oxychloride</altname>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Carbostyril</h1> <Xpage=217>

<hw>Car`bo*sty"ril</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Carbon</ets> + <ets>styr</ets>ene.]</ety> <def>A white crystalline substance, <chform>C9H6N.OH</chform>, of acid properties derived from one of the amido cinnamic acids.</def>

<h1>Carboxide</h1> <Xpage=217>

<hw>Car*box"ide</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Carbon</ets> + <ets>oxide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound of carbon and oxygen, as carbonyl, with some element or radical; <as>as, potassium <ex>carboxide</ex></as>.</def>

<cs><col>Potassium carboxide</col>, <cd>a grayish explosive crystalline compound, <chform>C6O6K</chform>, obtained by passing carbon monoxide over heated potassium.</cd></cs>

<h1>Carboxyl</h1> <Xpage=217>

<hw>Car*box"yl</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Carbon</ets> + <ets>oxygen</ets> + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The complex radical, <chform>CO.OH</chform>, regarded as the essential and characteristic constituent which all oxygen acids of carbon (as formic, acetic, benzoic acids, etc.) have in common; -- called also <altname>oxatyl</altname>.</def>

<h1>Carboy</h1> <Xpage=217>

<hw>Car"boy</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. Ir. & Gael <ets>carb</ets> basket; or Pers <ets>qur\'bebah</ets> a sort of bottle.]</ety> <def>A large, globular glass bottle, esp. one of green glass, inclosed in basket work or in a box, for protection; -- used commonly for carrying corrosive liquids; as sulphuric acid, etc.</def>

<h1>Carbuncle</h1> <Xpage=217>

<hw>Car"bun*cle</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>carbunculus</ets> a little coal, a bright kind of precious stone, a kind of tumor, dim. of <ets>carbo</ets> coal: cf. F. <ets>carboncle</ets>. See <er>Carbon</er>.]</ety>

<p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A beautiful gem of a deep red color (with a mixture of scarlet) called by the Greeks <i>anthrax</i>; found in the East Indies. When held up to the sun, it loses its deep tinge, and becomes of the color of burning coal. The name belongs for the most part to ruby sapphire, though it has been also given to red spinel and garnet.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A very painful acute local inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue, esp. of the trunk or back of the neck, characterized by brawny hardness of the affected parts, sloughing of the skin and deeper tissues, and marked constitutional depression. It differs from a boil in size, tendency to spread, and the absence of a central core, and is frequently fatal. It is also called <altname>anthrax</altname>.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A charge or bearing supposed to represent the precious stone. It has eight scepters or staves radiating from a common center. Called also <altname>escarbuncle</altname>.</def>

<h1>Carbuncled</h1> <Xpage=217>

<hw>Car"bun*cled</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Set with carbuncles.</def>