Part 1567

<hw>Calque</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See 2d <er>Calk</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt></def>

<h1>Caltrop, Caltrap</h1> <Xpage=205>

<hw><hw>Cal"trop</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <hw>Cal"trap</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>calketrappe</ets>, <ets>calletrappe</ets>, caltor (in both senses), fr. AS. <ets>collr\'91ppe</ets>, <ets>calcetreppe</ets>, sort of thistle; cf. F. <ets>chaussetrape</ets> star thistle, trap, It. <ets>calcatreppo</ets>, <ets>calcatreppolo</ets>, star thistle. Perh. from L. <ets>calx</ets> heel + the same word as E. <ets>trap</ets>. See 1st <er>Trap</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of herbaceous plants (<spn>Tribulus</spn>) of the order <spn>Zygophylle\'91</spn>, having a hard several-celled fruit, armed with stout spines, and resembling the military instrument of the same name. The species grow in warm countries, and are often very annoying to cattle.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>An instrument with four iron points, so disposed that, any three of them being on the ground, the other projects upward. They are scattered on the ground where an enemy's cavalry are to pass, to impede their progress by endangering the horses' feet.</def>

<h1>Calumba</h1> <Xpage=205>

<hw>Ca*lum"ba</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[from <ets>kalumb</ets>, its native name in Mozambique.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The root of a plant (<spn>Jateorrhiza Calumba</spn>, and probably <spn>Cocculus palmatus</spn>), indigenous in Mozambique. It has an unpleasantly bitter taste, and is used as a tonic and antiseptic.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>colombo</asp>, <asp>columbo</asp>, and <asp>calombo</asp>.]</altsp>

<cs><col>American calumba</col>, <cd>the <spn>Frasera Carolinensis</spn>, also called <altname>American gentian</altname>. Its root has been used in medicine as bitter tonic in place of <i>calumba<i>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Calumbin</h1> <Xpage=205>

<hw>Ca*lum"bin</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A bitter principle extracted as a white crystalline substance from the calumba root.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>colombin</asp>, and <asp>columbin</asp>]</altsp>

<h1>Calumet</h1> <Xpage=205>

<hw>Cal"u*met</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>calumet</ets>, fr. L. <ets>calamus</ets> reed. See <er>Halm</er>, and cf. <er>Shawm</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of pipe, used by the North American Indians for smoking tobacco. The bowl is usually made of soft red stone, and the tube is a long reed often ornamented with feathers.</def>

<blockquote>Smoked the <b>calumet</b>, the Peace pipe, As a signal to the nations. <i>Lowgfellow.</i></blockquote>

<note>&hand; The <i>calumet</i> is used as a symbol of peace. To accept the calumet is to agree to terms of peace, and to refuse it is to reject them. The calumet of peace is used to seal or ratify contracts and alliances, and as an evidence to strangers that they are welcome.</note>

<h1>Calumniate</h1> <Xpage=205>

<hw>Ca*lum"ni*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Calumniated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>calumniating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>calumniatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>calumniari</ets>. See <er>Calumny</er>, and cf. <er>Challenge</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>To accuse falsely and maliciously of a crime or offense, or of something disreputable; to slander; to libel.</def>

<blockquote>Hatred unto the truth did always falsely report and <b>calumniate</b> all godly men's doings. <i>Strype.</i></blockquote>

<cs><col>Syn</col>. -- <cd>To asperse; slander; defame; vilify; traduce; belie; bespatter; blacken; libel. See <er>Asperse</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Calumniate</h1> <Xpage=205>

<hw>Ca*lum"ni*ate</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To propagate evil reports with a design to injure the reputation of another; to make purposely false charges of some offense or crime.</def>

<h1>Calumniation</h1> <Xpage=205>

<hw>Ca*lum`ni*a"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>False accusation of crime or offense, or a malicious and false representation of the words or actions of another, with a view to injure his good name.</def>

<blockquote>The <b>calumniation</b> of her principal counselors. <i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>

<h1>Calumniator</h1> <Xpage=205>

<hw>Ca*lum`ni*a"tor</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who calumniates.</def>

<syn>Syn. -- Slanderer; defamer; libeler; traducer.</syn>

<h1>Calumniatory</h1> <Xpage=205>

<hw>Ca*lum"ni*a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Containing calumny; slanderous.</def>

<i>Montagu.</i>