Part 1551

<h1>Calculi</h1> <Xpage=203>

<hw>Cal"cu*li</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <def>See <er>Calculus</er>.</def>

<h1>Calculous</h1> <Xpage=203>

<hw>Cal"cu*lous</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>calculosus</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of the nature of a calculus; like stone; gritty; <as>as, a <ex>calculous</ex> concretion</as>.</def>

<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Caused, or characterized, by the presence of a calculus or calculi; a, a <i>calculous</i> disorder; affected with gravel or stone; <as>as, a <ex>calculous</ex> person</as>.</def>

<h1>Calculus</h1> <Xpage=203>

<hw>Cal"cu*lus</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl.</plu> <plw>Calculi</plw> <tt>(#)</tt> <ety>[L, <ets>calculus</ets>. See <er>Calculate</er>, and <er>Calcule</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Any solid concretion, formed in any part of the body, but most frequent in the organs that act as reservoirs, and in the passages connected with them; <as>as, biliary <ex>calculi</ex>; urinary <ex>calculi</ex>, etc.</as></def>

<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A method of computation; any process of reasoning by the use of symbols; any branch of mathematics that may involve calculation.</def>

<cs><col>Barycentric calculus</col>, <cd>a method of treating geometry by defining a point as the center of gravity of certain other points to which co\'89fficients or weights are ascribed.</cd> -- <col>Calculus of functions</col>, <cd>that branch of mathematics which treats of the forms of functions that shall satisfy given conditions.</cd> -- <col>Calculus of operations</col>, <cd>that branch of mathematical logic that treats of all operations that satisfy given conditions.</cd> -- <col>Calculus of probabilities</col>, <cd>the science that treats of the computation of the probabilities of events, or the application of numbers to chance.</cd> -- <col>Calculus of variations</col>, <cd>a branch of mathematics in which the laws of dependence which bind the variable quantities together are themselves subject to change.</cd> -- <col>Differential calculus</col>, <cd>a method of investigating mathematical questions by using the ratio of certain indefinitely small quantities called <i>differentials<i>. The problems are primarily of this form: to find how the change in some variable quantity alters at each instant the value of a quantity dependent upon it.</cd> -- <col>Exponential calculus</col>, <cd>that part of algebra which treats of exponents.</cd> -- <col>Imaginary calculus</col>, <cd>a method of investigating the relations of real or imaginary quantities by the use of the imaginary symbols and quantities of algebra.</cd> -- <col>Integral calculus</col>, <cd>a method which in the reverse of the differential, the primary object of which is to learn from the known ratio of the indefinitely small changes of two or more magnitudes, the relation of the magnitudes themselves, or, in other words, from having the differential of an algebraic expression to find the expression itself.</cd></cs>

<hr> <page="204"> Page 204<p>

<h1>Caldron</h1> <Xpage=204>

<hw>Cal"dron</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>caldron</ets>, <ets>caudron</ets>, <ets>caudroun</ets>, OF. <ets>caudron</ets>, <ets>chauderon</ets>, F. <ets>chaudron</ets>, an aug. of F. <ets>chaudi\'8are</ets>, LL. <ets>caldaria</ets>, fr. L. <ets>caldarius</ets> suitable for warming, fr. <ets>caldus</ets>, <ets>calidus</ets>, warm, fr. <ets>calere</ets> to be warm; cf. Skr. <ets>\'87r\'be</ets> to boil. Cf. <er>Chaldron</er>, <er>Calaric</er>, <er>Caudle</er>.]</ety> <def>A large kettle or boiler of copper, brass, or iron. <altsp>[Written also <asp>cauldron</asp>.]</altsp></def> "<i>Caldrons</i> of boiling oil."

<i>Prescott.</i>

<h1>Cal\'8ache</h1> <Xpage=204>

<hw>Ca*l\'8ache"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>cal\'8ache</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Calash</er>.</def>

<h1>Caledonia</h1> <Xpage=204>

<hw>Cal`e*do"ni*a</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The ancient Latin name of Scotland; -- still used in poetry.</def>

<h1>Caledonian</h1> <Xpage=204>

<hw>Cal`e*do"ni*an</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to Caledonia or Scotland; Scottish; Scotch.</def> -- <def2><tt>n.</tt> <def>A native or inhabitant of Caledonia or Scotland.</def></def2>

<h1>Caledonite</h1> <Xpage=204>

<hw>Ca*led"o*nite</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A hydrous sulphate of copper and lead, found in some parts of Caledonia or Scotland.</def>

<h1>Calefacient</h1> <Xpage=204>

<hw>Cal`e*fa"cient</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>calefaciens</ets> p. pr. of <ets>calefacere</ets> to make warm; <ets>calere</ets> to be warm + <ets>facere</ets> to make.]</ety> <def>Making warm; heating.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<h1>Calefacient</h1> <Xpage=204>

<hw>Cal`e*fa"cient</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A substance that excites warmth in the parts to which it is applied, as mustard.</def>

<h1>Calefaction</h1> <Xpage=204>

<hw>Cal`e*fac"tion</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>calefactio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>cal\'82faction</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of warming or heating; the production of heat in a body by the action of fire, or by communication of heat from other bodies.</def>