Part 1054

<hw>Ben"zene</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Benzoin</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A volatile, very inflammable liquid, C6H6, contained in the naphtha produced by the destructive distillation of coal, from which it is separated by fractional distillation. The name is sometimes applied also to the impure commercial product or <i>benzole</i>, and also, but rarely, to a similar mixed product of petroleum.</def>

<cs><mcol><col>Benzene nucleus</col>, <col>Benzene ring</col></mcol> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a closed chain or ring, consisting of six carbon atoms, each with one hydrogen atom attached, regarded as the type from which the aromatic compounds are derived. This ring formula is provisionally accepted as representing the probable constitution of the benzene molecule, C6H6, and as the type on which its derivatives are formed.</cd></cs>

<h1>Benzile</h1> <Xpage=137>

<hw>Ben"zile</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Benzoin</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A yellowish crystalline substance, C6H5.CO.CO.C6H5, formed from benzoin by the action of oxidizing agents, and consisting of a doubled benzoyl radical.</def>

<h1>Benzine</h1> <Xpage=137>

<hw>Ben"zine</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Benzoin</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A liquid consisting mainly of the lighter and more volatile hydrocarbons of petroleum or kerosene oil, used as a solvent and for cleansing soiled fabrics; -- called also <altname>petroleum spirit</altname>, <altname>petroleum benzine</altname>. Varieties or similar products are gasoline, naphtha, rhigolene, ligroin, etc.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>Same as <er>Benzene</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<note>&hand; The hydrocarbons of <i>benzine</i> proper are essentially of the marsh gas series, while <i>benzene</i> proper is the typical hydrocarbon of the aromatic series.</note>

<h1>Benzoate</h1> <Xpage=137>

<hw>Ben"zo*ate</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>benzoate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt formed by the union of benzoic acid with any salifiable base.</def>

<hr> <page="138"> Page 138<p>

<h1>Benzoic</h1> <Xpage=138>

<hw>Ben*zo"ic</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>benzo\'8bque</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or obtained from, benzoin.</def>

<cs><col>Benzoic acid</col>, <cd>or <i>flowers of benzoin<i>, a peculiar vegetable acid, C6H5.CO2H, obtained from benzoin, and some other balsams, by sublimation or decoction. It is also found in the urine of infants and herbivorous animals. It crystallizes in the form of white, satiny flakes; its odor is aromatic; its taste is pungent, and somewhat acidulous.</cd> -- <col>Benzoic aldehyde</col>, <cd>oil of bitter almonds; the aldehyde, C6H5.CHO, intermediate in composition between benzoic or benzyl alcohol, and benzoic acid. It is a thin colorless liquid.</cd></cs>

<h1>Benzoin</h1> <Xpage=138>

<hw>Ben*zoin"</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>benjoin</ets>, Sp. <ets>benjui</ets>, Pg. <ets>beijoin</ets>; all fr. Ar. <ets>lub\'ben-j\'bew\'c6</ets> incense form Sumatra (named Java in Arabic), the first syllable being lost. Cf. Benjamin.]</ety> <note>[Called also <altname>benjamin</altname>.]</note> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A resinous substance, dry and brittle, obtained from the <spn>Styrax benzoin</spn>, a tree of Sumatra, Java, etc., having a fragrant odor, and slightly aromatic taste. It is used in the preparation of benzoic acid, in medicine, and as a perfume.</def>

<p><b>2.</b> <def>A white crystalline substance, <chform>C14H12O2</chform>, obtained from benzoic aldehyde and some other sources.</def>

<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The spicebush (<spn>Lindera benzoin</spn>).</def>

<cs><col>Flowers of benzoin</col>, <cd>benzoic acid. See under <er>Benzoic</er>.</cd></cs>

<h1>Benzoinated</h1> <Xpage=138>

<hw>Ben*zoin"a*ted</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Containing or impregnated with benzoin; <as>as, <ex>benzoinated</ex> lard</as>.</def>

<h1>Benzole Benzol</h1> <Xpage=138>

<hw><hw>Ben"zole Ben"zol</hw><hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Benzoin</ets> + L. <ets>ol</ets>eum oil.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An impure benzene, used in the arts as a solvent, and for various other purposes. See <er>Benzene</er>.</def>

<note>&hand; It has great solvent powers, and is used by manufacturers of India rubber and gutta percha; also for cleaning soiled kid gloves, and for other purposes.</note>

<h1>Benzoline</h1> <Xpage=138>

<hw>Ben"zo*line</hw> <tt>(?)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Same as <er>Benzole</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Same as <er>Amarine</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<i>Watts.</i>

<h1>Benzoyl</h1> <Xpage=138>