Part 89

Chlo"ro*plast (?), n. [Pref. chloro- + Gr. &?; to mold, form.] (Biol.) A plastid containing chlorophyll, developed only in cells exposed to the light. Chloroplasts are minute flattened granules, usually occurring in great numbers in the cytoplasm near the cell wall, and consist of a colorless ground substance saturated with chlorophyll pigments. Under light of varying intensity they exhibit phototactic movements. In animals chloroplasts occur only in certain low forms.

Choke"bore` (?), n. 1. In a shotgun, a bore which is tapered to a slightly smaller diameter at a short distance (usually 2½ to 3 inches) to the rear of the muzzle, in order to prevent the rapid dispersion of the shot.

2. A shotgun that is made with such a bore.

Choke"bore`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chokebored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Chokeboring.] To provide with a chokebore.

Choking coil. (Elec.) A coil of small resistance and large inductance, used in an alternating-current circuit to impede or throttle the current, or to change its phase; -- called also reactance coil or reactor, these terms being now preferred in engineering usage.

Cho"ky (?), n. [From Hind. chauki watching, guard.] 1. A station, as for collection of customs, for palanquin bearers, police, etc. [India]

2. Specif., a prison or lockup; a jail. [India, or Slang, Eng.]

||Cho`mage" (?), n. [F. chomage.] 1. Stoppage; cessation (of labor).

2. A standing still or idle (of mills, factories, etc.).

{ Chop su"ey or soo"y } (?). [Chin. (Cantonese) shap sui odds and ends, fr. shap for sap to enter the mouth + sui small bits pounded fine.] A mélange served in Chinese restaurants to be eaten with rice, noodles, etc. It consists typically of bean sprouts, onions, mushrooms, etc., and sliced meats, fried and flavored with sesame oil. [U. S.]

Chor"tle (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Chortled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Chor"tling (&?;).] A word coined by Lewis Carroll (Charles L. Dodgson), and usually explained as a combination of chuckle and snort. [Humorous]

O frabjous day ! Callooh ! Callay ! He chortled in his joy.

Lewis Carroll.

||Chou (?), n.; pl. Choux (#). [F., fr. L. caulis stalk.] 1. A cabbage.

2. A kind of light pastry, usually in the form of a small round cake, and with a filling, as of jelly or cream.

3. A bunch, knot, or rosette of ribbon or other material, used as an ornament in women's dress.

Chow (?), n. [Chin chou.] A prefecture or district of the second rank in China, or the chief city of such a district; -- often part of the name of a city, as in Foochow.

Chris"tian, a. -- Christian Endeavor, Young People's Society of. In various Protestant churches, a society of young people organized in each individual church to do Christian work; also, the whole body of such organizations, which are united in a corporation called the United Society of Christian Endeavor, organized in 1885. The parent society was founded in 1881 at Portland, Maine, by Rev. Francis E. Clark, a Congregational minister.

Christian Era. The era in use in all Christian countries, which was intended to commence with the birth of Christ. The era as now established was first used by Dionysius Exiguus (died about 540), who placed the birth of Christ on the 25th of December in the year of Rome 754, which year he counted as 1 a. d. This date for Christ's birth is now generally thought to be about four years too late.

Christian Science. A system of healing disease of mind and body which teaches that all cause and effect is mental, and that sin, sickness, and death will be destroyed by a full understanding of the Divine Principle of Jesus' teaching and healing. The system was founded by Rev. Mary Baker Glover Eddy, of Concord, N. H., in 1866, and bases its teaching on the Scriptures as understood by its adherents.

Christian Scientist. A believer in Christian Science; one who practices its teachings.

Christian Seneca. Joseph Hall (1574 -- 1656), Bishop of Norwich, a divine eminent as a moralist.

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Christian Socialism. Any theory or system that aims to combine the teachings of Christ with the teachings of socialism in their applications to life; Christianized socialism; esp., the principles of this nature advocated by F. D. Maurice, Charles Kingsley, and others in England about 1850. -- Christian socialist.

Chro"ma*tin (?), n. (Biol.) The deeply staining substance of the nucleus and chromosomes of cells, now supposed to be the physical basis of inheritance, and generally regarded as the same substance as the hypothetical idioplasm or germ plasm.

Chrome (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chromed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Chroming.] [From Chrome, n.] To treat with a solution of potassium bichromate, as in dyeing.

Chrome steel. Same as Chromium steel, under Steel.

Chro`mo*pho"to*graph (?), n. [Gr. &?; color + photograph.] A picture made by any of the processes for reproducing photographs in colors. -- Chro`mo*pho`to*graph"ic (#), a.