Part 257

Tu"pi (?), n. An Indian of the tribe from which the Tupian stock takes its name, dwelling, at the advent of the Portuguese, about the mouth of the Amazon. Also, their language, which is the basis of the Indian trade language of the Amazon.

Tu"pi*an (?), a. Designating, or pert. to, a linguistic stock of South American Indians comprising the most important Brazilian tribes. Agriculture, pottery, and stone working were practiced by them at the time of the conquest. The Tupi and the Guarani were originally the most powerful of the stock, which is hence also called Tupi-Guaranian.

Tuque (?), n. [Canadian F. See Toque.] A kind of warm cap winter wear, made from a knit bag with closed tapered ends by pushing one end within the other, thus making a conical cap of double thickness.

Picturesque fellow with tuques, red sashes, and fur coats.

F. Remington.

Tur"bine (?), n. A form of steam engine analogous in construction and action to the water turbine. There are practically only two distinct kinds, and they are typified in the de Laval and the Parsons and Curtis turbines. The de Laval turbine is an impulse turbine, in which steam impinges upon revolving blades from a flared nozzle. The flare of the nozzle causes expansion of the steam, and hence changes its pressure energy into kinetic energy. An enormous velocity (30,000 revolutions per minute in the 5 H. P. size) is requisite for high efficiency, and the machine has therefore to be geared down to be of practical use. Some recent development of this type include turbines formed of several de Laval elements compounded as in the ordinary expansion engine. The Parsons turbine is an impulse-and-reaction turbine, usually of the axial type. The steam is constrained to pass successively through alternate rows of fixed and moving blades, being expanded down to a condenser pressure of about 1 lb. per square inch absolute. The Curtis turbine is somewhat simpler than the Parsons, and consists of elements each of which has at least two rows of moving blades and one row of stationary. The bucket velocity is lowered by fractional velocity reduction. Both the Parsons and Curtis turbines are suitable for driving dynamos and steamships directly. In efficiency, lightness, and bulk for a given power, they compare favorably with reciprocating engines.

Tur`bo*gen"er*a`tor (?), n. [See Turbine, and Generator.] An electric generator or dynamo which is combined on one frame with a turbomotor, by which it is driven.

Tur"key-trot` (?), n. An eccentric ragtime dance, danced with the feet well apart and with a characteristic rise on the ball of the foot, followed by a drop upon the heel. The original form, owning to the positions assumed by the dancers, is offensively suggestive. Similar dances are the bunny hug and grizzly bear, so called in allusion to the movements and the positions assumed by the partners in dancing.

Turk"ism (?), n. A Turkish idiom or expression; also, in general, a Turkish mode or custom.

Tur`ko-I*ra"ni*an (?), a. (Ethnol.) Designating, or pert. to, a mixed racial type including the Afghans, and characterized chiefly by stature above mean, fair complexion, dark, or sometimes gray, eyes, brachycephaly, and very long, prominent, and moderately narrow nose.

Tur`ko-I*ra"ni*an, n. A member of any race of the Turko-Iranian type.

Turk's"-head`, n. 1. (Naut.) A knot of turbanlike form worked on a rope with a piece of small line.

2. (a) The melon cactus. [West Indies] (b) Any of several species of Echinocactus. [California]

3. A long-handled, round-headed broom for sweeping ceilings, etc. [Colloq. or Dial.]

Turn (?), v. t. To make a turn about or around (something); to go or pass around by turning; as, to turn a corner.

The ranges are not high or steep, and one can turn a kopje instead of cutting or tunneling through it.

James Bryce.

To turn turtle, to capsize bottom upward; -- said of a vessel. [Naut. slang] -- To turn under (Agric.), to put, as soil, manure, etc., underneath from the surface by plowing, digging, or the like.

Turn"down` (?), a. 1. Capable of being turned down; specif. (Elec.), designating, or pertaining to, an incandescent lamp with a small additional filament which can be made incandescent when only a small amount of light is required.

2. Made to wear with the upper part turned down; as, a turndown collar.

Tur"pen*tine State. North Carolina; -- a nickname alluding to its extensive production of turpentine.

Tur"ret deck. A narrow superstructure running from stem to stern on the upper deck of a steam cargo vessel having a rounded gunwale and sides curved inward convexly.

Tur"ret steam`er. A whaleback steamer with a hatch coaming, usually about seven feet high, extending almost continuously fore and aft.

Tur"tle*back` (?), n. 1. (Archæol.) A rude stone celt of a form suggesting the back of a turtle.

2. (Naut.) A convex deck at the bow or stern of a vessel, so made to shed the seas quickly.

Tur"tle peg. A sharp steel spear attached to a cord, used in taking sea turtles. -- Turtle pegging.

{ ||Tusch"e (?), n. Also Tushe, Tousche, etc. }[G. tusche, fr. F. toucher to touch.] A lithographic drawing or painting material of the same nature as lithographic ink. It is also used as a resistant in the biting-in process.

Tusk"er, n. (Zoöl.) A large wild boar.