Part 210

Re*lay", a. (Mach.) Relating to, or having the characteristics of, an auxiliary apparatus put into action by a feeble force but itself capable of exerting greater force, used to control a comparatively powerful machine or appliance. [Webster 1913 Suppl.]

Relay cylinder. In a variable expansion central-valve engine, a small auxiliary engine for automatically adjusting the steam distribution to the load on the main engine. [Webster 1913 Suppl.]

Relay governor. A speed regulator, as a water-wheel governor, embodying the relay principle. [Webster 1913 Suppl.]

Re*lease", n. 1. (Mach.) A device adapted to hold or release a device or mechanism as required; specif.: (Elec.) A catch on a motor-starting rheostat, which automatically releases the rheostat arm and so stops the motor in case of a break in the field circuit; also, the catch on an electromagnetic circuit breaker for a motor, which acts in case of an overload.

2. (Phon.) The act or manner of ending a sound.

3. (Railroads) In the block-signaling system, a printed card conveying information and instructions to be used at intermediate sidings without telegraphic stations.

Re*luc"tance, n. (Elec.) Magnetic resistance, being equal to the ratio of magnetomotive force to magnetic flux.

Rel`uc*tiv"i*ty (?), n. (Elec.) Specific reluctance.

Re*marque" (?), n. Also Remark. (Engraving) (a) A small design etched on the margin of a plate and supposed to be removed after the earliest proofs have been taken; also, any feature distinguishing a particular stage of the plate. (b) A print or proof so distinguished; -- commonly called a Remarque proof.

Re*mise" (?), n. 1. A house for covered carriages; a chaise house. Sterne.

2. A livery carriage of a kind superior to an ordinary fiacre; -- so called because kept in a remise. Cooper.

{ ||Ré`mo`lade" (?), ||Ré`mou`lade" (?) }, n. [F.] An ointment used in farriery.

Rent (?), n. (Polit. Econ.) (a) That portion of the produce of the earth paid to the landlord for the use of the "original and indestructible powers of the soil;" the excess of the return from a given piece of cultivated land over that from land of equal area at the "margin of cultivation." Called also economic, or Ricardian, rent. Economic rent is due partly to differences of productivity, but chiefly to advantages of location; it is equivalent to ordinary or commercial rent less interest on improvements, and nearly equivalent to ground rent. (b) Loosely, a return or profit from a differential advantage for production, as in case of income or earnings due to rare natural gifts creating a natural monopoly.

||Re*pous`sage" (?), n. [F. See Repoussé.] (Art) Art or process of hammering out or pressing thin metal from the reverse side: (1) in producing repoussé work; (2) in leveling up any part of an etched plate that has been worked so as to cause a depression.

Re`pro*duc"er (?), n. 1. In a phonograph, a device containing a sounding diaphragm and the needle or stylus that traverses the moving record, for reproducing the sound.

2. In a manograph, a device for reproducing the engine stroke on a reduced scale.

||Ré`seau" (?), n. [F.] A network; specif.: (a) (Astron.) A system of lines forming small squares of standard size, which is photographed, by a separate exposure, on the same plate with star images to facilitate measurements, detect changes of the film, etc. (b) In lace, a ground or foundation of regular meshes, like network.

Re*serve", n. 1. (Finance) (a) That part of the assets of a bank or other financial institution specially kept in cash in a more or less liquid form as a reasonable provision for meeting all demands which may be made upon it; specif.: (b) (Banking) Usually, the uninvested cash kept on hand for this purpose, called the real reserve. In Great Britain the ultimate real reserve is the gold kept on hand in the Bank of England, largely represented by the notes in hand in its own banking department; and any balance which a bank has with the Bank of England is a part of its reserve. In the United States the reserve of a national bank consists of the amount of lawful money it holds on hand against deposits, which is required by law to be not less than 15 per cent (U. S. Rev. Stat. secs. 5191, 5192), three fifths of which the banks not in a reserve city (which see) may keep deposited as balances in national banks that are in reserve cities (U. S. Rev. Stat. sec. 5192). (c) (Life Insurance) The amount of funds or assets necessary for a company to have at any given time to enable it, with interest and premiums paid as they shall accure, to meet all claims on the insurance then in force as they would mature according to the particular mortality table accepted. The reserve is always reckoned as a liability, and is calculated on net premiums. It is theoretically the difference between the present value of the total insurance and the present value of the future premiums on the insurance. The reserve, being an amount for which another company could, theoretically, afford to take over the insurance, is sometimes called the reinsurance fund or the self-insurance fund. For the first year upon any policy the net premium is called the initial reserve, and the balance left at the end of the year including interest is the terminal reserve. For subsequent years the initial reserve is the net premium, if any, plus the terminal reserve of the previous year. The portion of the reserve to be absorbed from the initial reserve in any year in payment of losses is sometimes called the insurance reserve, and the terminal reserve is then called the investment reserve.

2. In exhibitions, a distinction which indicates that the recipient will get a prize if another should be disqualified.

3. (Calico Printing) A resist.

4. A preparation used on an object being electroplated to fix the limits of the deposit.

5. See Army organization, above.

Reserve city. (Banking) In the national banking system of the United States, any of certain cities in which the national banks are required (U. S. Rev. Stat. sec. 5191) to keep a larger reserve (25 per cent) than the minimum (15 per cent) required of all other banks. The banks in certain of the reserve cities (specifically called central reserve cities) are required to keep their reserve on hand in cash; banks in other reserve cities may keep half of their reserve as deposits in these banks (U. S. Rev. Stat. sec. 5195).

||Re`si*den"cia (?), n. [Sp.] In Spanish countries, a court or trial held, sometimes as long as six months, by a newly elected official, as the governor of a province, to examine into the conduct of a predecessor.

Re*sist", n. (Technical) Something that resists or prevents a certain action; specif.: A substance applied to a surface, as of metal, to prevent the action on it of acid or other chemical agent.

Re*sist"ance frame`. (Elec.) A rheostat consisting of an open frame on which are stretched spirals of wire. Being freely exposed to the air, they radiate heat rapidly.

Res"o*nance, n. An electric phenomenon corresponding to that of acoustic resonance, due to the existance of certain relations of the capacity, inductance, resistance, and frequency of an alternating circuit.

Res"o*nant, a. (Elec.) Adjusted as to dimensions (as an electric circuit) so that currents or electric surgings are produced by the passage of electric waves of a given frequency.