Part 191

Phan"ar (?), n. [Turk. fanar, fr. NGr. &?; lighthouse, Gr. &?; lantern; -- from a lighthouse on a point projecting into the Golden Horn.] A quarter of Constantinople which, after the Turkish conquest of the city, became the chief Greek quarter; hence, the Greek officials of Turkey, or phanariots, as a class.

{ Pha*nar"i*ot (?), n. Also Pha*nar"i*ote (?)}. [NGr. &?;, fr. Phanar. See Phanar.] One of the Greeks of Constantinople who after the Turkish conquest became powerful in clerical and other offices under Turkish patronage.

Phan"tom, a. Being, or of the nature of, a phantom.

Phantom isles are floating in the skies.

B. Taylor.

Phantom circuit. (Elec.) The equivalent of an additional circuit or wire, in reality not existing, obtained by certain arrangements of real circuits, as in some multiplex telegraph systems.

Phar`ma*co*dy*man"ics (?), n. [Gr. &?; drug + E. dynamics.] That branch of pharmacology which treats of the action and the effects of medicines.

Phase (?), n. 1. (Phys. Chem.) A homogenous, physically distinct portion of matter in a system not homogeneous; as, the three phases, ice, water, and aqueous vapor. A phase may be either a single chemical substance or a mixture, as of gases.

2. (Zoöl.) In certain birds and mammals, one of two or more color variations characteristic of the species, but independent of the ordinary seasonal and sexual differences, and often also of age. Some of the herons which appear in white and colored phases, and certain squirrels which are sometimes uniformly blackish instead of the usual coloration, furnish examples. Color phases occur also in other animals, notably in butterflies.

3. (Elec.) The relation at any instant of a periodically varying electric magnitude, as electro-motive force, a current, etc., to its initial value as expressed in factorial parts of the complete cycle. It is usually expressed in angular measure, the cycle beb four right angles, or 360°. Such periodic variations are generally well represented by sine curves; and phase relations are shown by the relative positions of the crests and hollows of such curves. Magnitudes which have the same phase are said to be in phase.

Phase (?), v. t. [Cf. Feeze.] To disturb the composure of; to disconcert; to nonplus. [Colloq.]

Phase angle. (Elec.) The angle expressing phase relation.

Phase converter. (Elec.) A machine for converting an alternating current into an alternating current of a different number of phases and the same frequency.

Phase displacement. (Elec.) A charge of phase whereby an alternating current attains its maximum later or earlier. An inductance would cause a lag, a capacity would cause an advance, in phase.

{ Phase meter, or Phase"me`ter }, n. (Elec.) A device for measuring the difference in phase of two alternating currents of electromotive forces.

Phase rule. (Phys. Chem.) A generalization with regard to systems of chemical equilibrium, discovered by Prof. J. Willard Gibbs. It may be stated thus: The degree of variableness (number of degrees of freedom) of a system is equal to the number of components minus the number of phases, plus two. Thus, if the components be salt and water, and the phases salt, ice, saturated solution, and vapor, the system is invariant, that is, there is only one set of conditions under which these four phases can exist in equilibrium. If only three phases be considered, the system is univariant, that is, the fixing of one condition, as temperature, determines the others.

Phase splitter. (Elec.) A device by which a single-phase current is split into two or more currents differing in phase. It is used in starting single-phase induction motors.

Phase splitting. (Elec.) The dephasing of the two parts of a single alternating current in two dissimilar branches of a given circuit.

Phas"ing (?), a. (Elec.) Pertaining to phase or differences of phase.

Phasing current. The momentary current between two alternating-current generators when juxtaposed in parallel and not agreeing exactly in phase or period.

Phasing transformer. Any of several transformers (there must be at least two) for changing phase.

{ Phe*nac"e*tin, Phe*nac"e*tine } (?), n. [Phenyl + acetic + -in.] (Pharm.) A white, crystalline compound, C10H13O2N, used in medicine principally as an antipyretic.

Phe*nal"gin (?), n. [Phenyl + analgetic + -in.] (Pharm.) An ammoniated compound of phenyl and acetamide, used as an analgesic and antipyretic. It resembles phenacetin in its therapeutic action.

Phe"no*cryst (?), n. [Gr. &?; to appear + &?; crystal.] (Geol.) One of the prominent embedded crystals of a porphyry.

Phe*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Contracted from Phenomenology.] (Biol.) The science of the relations between climate and periodic biological phenomena, as the migrations and breeding of birds, the flowering and fruiting of plants, etc. -- Phe`no*log"ic*al (#), a. -- Phe`no*log"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Phe*nol"o*gist (#), n.

Phe`nol*phthal"e*in (?), n., or Phenol phthalein. (Chem.) A white or yellowish white crystalline substance, C20H14O4, formed by condensation of the anhydride of phthalic acid and phenol. Its solution in alkalies is brilliant red, but is decolorized by acids. This reaction, being very delicate, is used as an indicator.

Phi*la"the*a (?), n. [Coined from Gr. &?; loving + &?; truth.] An international, interdenominational organization of Bible classes of young women.

Phil`har*mon"ic, n. One who loves harmony or music; also (Colloq.), short for Philharmonic Society, concert, assemblage, or the like.