Part 176

Nat"u*ral*ism, n. 1. The theory that art or literature should conform to nature; realism; also, the quality, rendering, or expression of art or literature executed according to this theory.

2. Specif., the principles and characteristics professed or represented by a 19th-century school of realistic writers, notably by Zola and Maupassant, who aimed to give a literal transcription of reality, and laid special stress on the analytic study of character, and on the scientific and experimental nature of their observation of life.

Nat"u*ral steel. Steel made by the direct refining of cast iron in a finery, or, as wootz, by a direct process from the ore.

Nau"heim treat`ment (?). (Med.) Orig., a method of therapeutic treatment administered, esp. for chronic diseases of the curculatory system, at Bad Nauheim, Germany, by G. Schott, consisting in baths in the natural mineral waters of that place, which are charged with carbonic acid, and the use of a graduated course of rest, physical exercises, massage, etc.; hence, any similar treatment using waters artificially charged with the essential ingredients of the natural mineral waters of Bad Nauheim. Hence, Nauheim bath, etc.

Na"vel or"ange. A type of orange in which the fruit incloses a small secondary fruit, the rind showing on the exterior a navel-like pit or depression at the apex. There are several varieties; they are usually seedless, or nearly so, and are much grown in California.

Na"vy blue`. Prussian blue.

Na*wab" (?), n. A rich, retired Anglo-Indian; a nabob.

Ne*an"der*thal` (?), a. (Anthropol.) Of, pertaining to, or named from, the Neanderthal, a valley in the Rhine Province, in which were found parts of a skeleton of an early type of man. The skull is characterized by extreme dolichocephaly, flat, retreating forehead, with closed frontal sutures, and enormous superciliary ridges. The cranial capacity is estimated at about 1,220 cubic centimeters, being about midway between that of the Pithecanthropus and modern man. Hence, designating the Neanderthal race, or man, a species supposed to have been widespread in paleolithic Europe.

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Ne*an`der*thal"oid (?), a. [Neanderthal + -oid.] (Anthropol.) Like, or pertaining to, the Neanderthal skull, or the type of man it represents.

{ Ne`a*pol"i*tan ice, Neapolitan ice cream }. (a) An ice or ice cream containing eggs as well as cream. (b) An ice or ice cream prepared in layers, as vanilla, strawberry, and chocolate ice cream, and orange or lemon water ice.

Near beer. Any of various malt liquors (see Citation).

Near beer is a term of common currency used to designate all that class of malt liquors which contain so little alcohol that they will not produce intoxication, though drunk to excess, and includes in its meaning all malt liquors which are not within the purview of the general prohibition law.

Cambell v. City of Thomasville, Georgia Appeal Records, 6 212.

Nec*rot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. &?; dead person + &?; to cut.] (Med.) The dissection of dead bodies; also, excision of necrosed bone. -- Nec`ro*tom"ic (#), a. -- Nec*rot"o*mist (#), n.

Ne'er"-do-well` (?), n. A person who never does, or fares, well; a good for nothing.

The idle and dissolute ne'er-do-wells of their communities.

Harper's Mag.

Ne"gro*head` (?), n. An inferior commercial variety of India rubber made up into round masses.

Ne"groid (?), n. [Negro + - oid.] A member of any one of several East African tribes whose physical characters show an admixture with other races.

Ne`o*clas"sic (?), a. [Neo- + classic.] Belonging to, or designating, the modern revival of classical, esp. Greco-Roman, taste and manner of work in architecture, etc.

Neoclassic architecture. All that architecture which, since the beginning of the Italian Renaissance, about 1420, has been designed with deliberate imitation of Greco-Roman buildings.

Ne`o*crit"i*cism (?), n. [Neo- + classicism.] The form of Neo-Kantianism developed by French idealists, following C. Renouvier. It rejects the noumena of Kant, restricting knowledge to phenomena as constituted by a priori categories.

Ne`o-Dar"win*ism (?), n. The theory which holds natural selection, as explained by Darwin, to be the chief factor in the evolution of plants and animals, and denies the inheritance of acquired characters; -- esp. opposed to Neo- Lamarckism. Weismannism is an example of extreme Neo- Darwinism. -- Ne`o-Dar*win"i*an, a. & n.

Ne`o*dym"i*um (?), n. [NL. See Neo- , Didymium.] (Chem.) A rare metallic element occurring in combination with cerium, lanthanum, and other rare metals, and forming amethyst-colored salts. It was separated in 1885 by von Welsbach from praseodymium, the two having previously been regarded as a single element (didymium). It is chiefly trivalent. Symbol Nd; at. wt. 144.3.

Ne`o*gram*ma"ri*an (?), n. [Neo- + grammarian; a translation of G. junggrammatiker.] One of a group of philologists who apply phonetic laws more widely and strictly than was formerly done, and who maintain that these laws admit of no real exceptions. -- Ne`o*gram*mat"ic*al (#), a.

Ne`o-Greek", n. A member of a body of French painters (F. les néo-Grecs) of the middle 19th century. The term is rather one applied by outsiders to certain artists of grave and refined style, such as Hamon and Aubert, than a name adopted by the artists themselves.

Ne`o-He*bra"ic, a. Of, pert. to, or designating, modern Hebrew, or Hebrew of later date than the Biblical.