Part 964

Sul`pho*vin"ic (?), a. [Sulpho- + vinum wine: cf. F. sulfovinique.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, and formerly designating, ethylsulphuric acid.

Sul"phur (?), n. [L., better sulfur: cf. F. soufre.] 1. (Chem.) A nonmetallic element occurring naturally in large quantities, either combined as in the sulphides (as pyrites) and sulphates (as gypsum), or native in volcanic regions, in vast beds mixed with gypsum and various earthy materials, from which it is melted out. Symbol S. Atomic weight 32. The specific gravity of ordinary octohedral sulphur is 2.05; of prismatic sulphur, 1.96.

It is purified by distillation, and is obtained as a lemon- yellow powder (by sublimation), called flour, or flowers, of sulphur, or in cast sticks called roll sulphur, or brimstone. It burns with a blue flame and a peculiar suffocating odor. It is an ingredient of gunpowder, is used on friction matches, and in medicine (as a laxative and insecticide), but its chief use is in the manufacture of sulphuric acid. Sulphur can be obtained in two crystalline modifications, in orthorhombic octahedra, or in monoclinic prisms, the former of which is the more stable at ordinary temperatures. Sulphur is the type, in its chemical relations, of a group of elements, including selenium and tellurium, called collectively the sulphur group, or family. In many respects sulphur resembles oxygen.

2. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of yellow or orange butterflies of the subfamily Pierinæ; as, the clouded sulphur (Eurymus, or Colias, philodice), which is the common yellow butterfly of the Eastern United States.

Amorphous sulphur (Chem.), an elastic variety of sulphur of a resinous appearance, obtained by pouring melted sulphur into water. On standing, it passes back into a brittle crystalline modification. -- Liver of sulphur. (Old Chem.) See Hepar. -- Sulphur acid. (Chem.) See Sulphacid. -- Sulphur alcohol. (Chem.) See Mercaptan. -- Sulphur auratum [L.] (Old Chem.), a golden yellow powder, consisting of antimonic sulphide, Sb2S5, -- formerly a famous nostrum. -- Sulphur base (Chem.), an alkaline sulphide capable of acting as a base in the formation of sulphur salts according to the old dual theory of salts. [Archaic] -- Sulphur dioxide (Chem.), a colorless gas, SO2, of a pungent, suffocating odor, produced by the burning of sulphur. It is employed chiefly in the production of sulphuric acid, and as a reagent in bleaching; -- called also sulphurous anhydride, and formerly sulphurous acid. -- Sulphur ether (Chem.), a sulphide of hydrocarbon radicals, formed like the ordinary ethers, which are oxides, but with sulphur in the place of oxygen. -- Sulphur salt (Chem.), a salt of a sulphacid; a sulphosalt. -- Sulphur showers, showers of yellow pollen, resembling sulphur in appearance, often carried from pine forests by the wind to a great distance. -- Sulphur trioxide (Chem.), a white crystalline solid, SO3, obtained by oxidation of sulphur dioxide. It dissolves in water with a hissing noise and the production of heat, forming sulphuric acid, and is employed as a dehydrating agent. Called also sulphuric anhydride, and formerly sulphuric acid. -- Sulphur whale. (Zoöl.) See Sulphur- bottom. -- Vegetable sulphur (Bot.), lycopodium powder. See under Lycopodium.

Sul"phu*rate (?), a. [L. sulphuratus, sulfuratus.] Sulphureous. [Poetic & R.] Dr. H. More.

Sul"phu*rate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sulphurated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sulphurating.] (Chem.) To sulphurize. [Archaic]

Sul`phu*ra"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. sulfuration, L. sulphuratio, sulfuratio, a vein of sulphur.] The act or process of combining or impregnating with sulphur or its compounds; also, the state of being so combined or impregnated.

Sul"phu*ra`tor (?), n. An apparatus for impregnating with, or exposing to the action of, sulphur; especially, an apparatus for fumigating or bleaching by means of the fumes of burning sulphur.

Sul`phur-bot"tom (?), n. (Zoöl.) A very large whalebone whale of the genus Sibbaldius, having a yellowish belly; especially, S. sulfureus of the North Pacific, and S. borealis of the North Atlantic; -- called also sulphur whale.

Sul`phu*re"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being sulphureous. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Sul*phu"re*ous (?), a. [L. sulphureus, sulfureus.] Consisting of sulphur; having the qualities of sulphur, or brimstone; impregnated with sulphur.

Her snakes united, sulphureous waters drink.

Pope.

-- Sul*phu"re*ous*ly, adv. -- Sul*phu"re*ous*ness, n.

Sul"phu*ret (?), n. (Chem.) A sulphide; as, a sulphuret of potassium. [Obsoles.]

Sul"phu*ret`ed, a. (Chem.) Combined or impregnated with sulphur; sulphurized. [Written also sulphuretted.]

Sulphureted hydrogen. (Chem.) See Hydrogen sulphide, under Hydrogen.

Sul*phu"ric (?), a. [Cf. F. sulfurique.] 1. Of or pertaining to sulphur; as, a sulphuric smell.

2. (Chem.) Derived from, or containing, sulphur; specifically, designating those compounds in which the element has a higher valence as contrasted with the sulphurous compounds; as, sulphuric acid.

Sulphuric acid. (a) Sulphur trioxide (see under Sulphur); -- formerly so called on the dualistic theory of salts. [Obs.] (b) A heavy, corrosive, oily liquid, H2SO4, colorless when pure, but usually yellowish or brownish, produced by the combined action of sulphur dioxide, oxygen (from the air), steam, and nitric fumes. It attacks and dissolves many metals and other intractable substances, sets free most acids from their salts, and is used in the manufacture of hydrochloric and nitric acids, of soda, of bleaching powders, etc. It is also powerful dehydrating agent, having a strong affinity for water, and eating and corroding paper, wood, clothing, etc. It is thus used in the manufacture of ether, of imitation parchment, and of nitroglycerin. It is also used in etching iron, in removing iron scale from forgings, in petroleum refining, etc., and in general its manufacture is the most important and fundamental of all the chemical industries. Formerly called vitriolic acid, and now popularly vitriol, and oil of vitriol. -- Fuming sulphuric acid, or Nordhausen sulphuric acid. See Disulphuric acid, under Disulphuric. -- Sulphuric anhydride, sulphur trioxide. See under Sulphur. -- Sulphuric ether, common anæsthetic ether; -- so called because made by the catalytic action of sulphuric acid on alcohol. See Ether, 3 (a).

Sul"phur*ine (?), a. Sulphureous. [R.]

Sul"phur*ing, n. Exposure to the fumes of burning sulphur, as in bleaching; the process of bleaching by exposure to the fumes of sulphur.

Sul"phur*ize (?), v. t. (Chem.) To combine or impregnate with sulphur or any of its compounds; as, to sulphurize caoutchouc in vulcanizing.

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Sul"phur*ous (?), a. [L. sulphurosus, sulfurosus: cf. F. sulfureux.] 1. Of or pertaining to sulphur.

2. (Chem.) (a) Derived from, or containing, sulphur; specifically, designating those compounds in which the element has a lower valence as contrasted with the sulphuric compounds. (b) Having the characteristic odor of sulphur dioxide, or of hydrogen sulphide, or of other sulphur compounds.

Sulphurous acid. (a) Sulphur dioxide. See under Sulphur. [Obs.] (b) An acid, H2SO3, not known in the free state except as a solution of sulphur dioxide in water, but forming a well- known series of salts (the sulphites). -- Sulphurous anhydride (Chem.), sulphur dioxide. See under Sulphur.