Part 1001

2. (Law) (a) To overstock; especially, to put more cattle into, as a common, than the person has a right to do, or more than the herbage will sustain. Blackstone. (b) (Equity) To show an omission in (an account) for which credit ought to have been given. Story. Daniel.

Sur*charge", n. [F.] 1. An overcharge; an excessive load or burden; a load greater than can well be borne.

A numerous nobility causeth poverty and inconvenience in a state, for it is surcharge of expense.

Bacon.

2. (Law) (a) The putting, by a commoner, of more beasts on the common than he has a right to. (b) (Equity) The showing an omission, as in an account, for which credit ought to have been given. Burrill.

Sur*charge"ment (?), n. The act of surcharging; also, surcharge, surplus. [Obs.] Daniel.

Sur*char"ger (?), n. One who surcharges.

Sur"cin`gle (?), n. [OE. sursengle, OF. sursangle. See Sur-, and Cingle, Shingles.] 1. A belt, band, or girth which passes over a saddle, or over anything laid on a horse's back, to bind it fast.

2. (Eccl.) The girdle of a cassock, by which it is fastened round the waist.

Sur"cin`gled (?), a. Bound with the surcingle.

Sur"cle (?), n. [L. surculus.] A little shoot; a twig; a sucker. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Sur"cloy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surcloyed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Surcloying.] To surfeit. [Obs.]

Sur"coat` (?), n. [OE. surcote, OF. surcote. See Sur-, and Coat, and cf. Overcoat.] 1. A coat worn over the other garments; especially, the long and flowing garment of knights, worn over the armor, and frequently emblazoned with the arms of the wearer.

A long surcoat of pers upon he had..

Chaucer.

At night, or in the rain, He dons a surcoat which he doffs at morn.

Emerson.

2. A name given to the outer garment of either sex at different epochs of the Middle Ages.

Sur"crew` (?), n. [From F. surcroît increase, or surcrû, p. p. of surcroître to overgrow.] Increase; addition; surplus. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

Sur"cu*late (?), v. t. [L. surculatus, p. p. of surculare to purne, from surculus a shoot, sprout. See Surcle.] To purne; to trim. [Obs.] Cockeram.

Sur`cu*la"tion (?), n. Act of purning. [Obs.]

Sur"cu*lose` (?), a. [CF. L. sucrulosus woody. See Surcle.] (Bot.) Producing suckers, or shoots resembling suckers.

Surd (?), a. [L. surdus deaf (whence the meaning, deaf to reason, irrational), perhaps akin to E. swart. Cf. Sordine.] 1. Net having the sense of hearing; deaf. [Obs.] "A surd . . . generation." Sir T. Browne.

2. Unheard. [Obs.] Kenrick.

3. (Math.) Involving surds; not capable of being expressed in rational numbers; radical; irrational; as, a surd expression or quantity; a surd number.

4. (Phonetics) Uttered, as an element of speech, without tone, or proper vocal sound; voiceless; unintonated; nonvocal; atonic; whispered; aspirated; sharp; hard, as f, p, s, etc.; -- opposed to sonant. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§169, 179, 180.

Surd, n. (Math.) 1. A quantity which can not be expressed by rational numbers; thus, √2 is a surd.

2. (Phon.) A surd element of speech. See Surd, a., 4.