Part 696

&fist; The subdivisions have been variously arranged. The following arrangement recognizes four classes: --

I. Pteridophyta, or Vascular Acrogens. These include Ferns, Equiseta or Scouring rushes, LycopodiaceŠ or Club mosses, SelaginelleŠ, and several other smaller orders. Here belonged also the extinct coal plants called Lepidodendron, Sigillaria, and Calamites.

II. Bryophita, or Cellular Acrogens. These include Musci, or Mosses, HepaticŠ, or Scale mosses and Liverworts, and possibly CharaceŠ, the Stoneworts.

III. AlgŠ, which are divided into FlorideŠ, the Red Seaweeds, and the orders DictyoteŠ, O÷sporeŠ, Zo÷sporeŠ, ConjugatŠ, DiatomaceŠ, and CryptophyceŠ.

IV. Fungi. The molds, mildews, mushrooms, puffballs, etc., which are variously grouped into several subclasses and many orders. The Lichenes or Lichens are now considered to be of a mixed nature, each plant partly a Fungus and partly an Alga.

{ Cryp`to*ga"mi*an (kr?p`t?-g?"m?-a]/>n), Cryp`to*gam"ic (kr?p`t?-g?m"?k), Cryp*to"gam*ous (#) } a. Of or pertaining to the series Cryptogamia, or to plants of that series.

Cryp*tog"a*mist (-m?st), n. One skilled in cryptogamic botany.

Cryp"to*gram (kr?p"t?-gr?m), n. A cipher writing. Same as Cryptograph.

Cryp"to*graph (-gr?f), n. [Gr. krypto`s hidden + -graph: cf. F. cryptographe.] Cipher; something written in cipher. "Decipherers of cryptograph." J. Earle.

Cryp*tog"ra*phal (kr?p-t?g"r?-fal), a. Pertaining to cryptography; cryptographical. Boyle.

Cryp*tog"ra*pher (kr?p-t?g"r?-f?r), n. One who writes in cipher, or secret characters.

{ Cryp`to*graph"ic (kr?p`t?-gr?f"?k), Cryp`to*graph"ic*al (kr?p`t?-gr?f"?-kal), } a. Relating to cryptography; written in secret characters or in cipher, or with sympathetic ink.

Cryp*tog"ra*phist (kr?p-t?g"r?-f?st), n. Same as Cryptographer.

Cryp*tog"ra*phy (-f?), n. [Cf. F. cryptographie.] The act or art of writing in secret characters; also, secret characters, or cipher.

Cryp*tol"o*gy (kr?p-t?l"?-j?), n. [Gr. krypto`s hidden + -logy.] Secret or enigmatical language. Johnson.

Cryp"to*nym (kr?p"t?-n?m), n. [Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?; secret + &?;&?;&?;&?; name.] A secret name; a name by which a person is known only to the initiated.

Cryp"to*pine (kr?p"t?-p?n; 104), n. [Gr. krypto`s hidden + E. opium.] (Chem.) A colorless crystalline alkaloid obtained in small quantities from opium.

||Cryp*tu"ri (kr&ibreve;p*tū"rī), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. krypto`s hidden + o'yra` tail.] (Zo÷l.) An order of flying, dromŠognathous birds, including the tinamous of South America. See Tinamou.

Crys"tal (kr&ibreve;s"tal), n. [OE. cristal, F. cristal, L. crystallum crystal, ice, fr. Gr. kry`stallos, fr. kry`os icy cold, frost; cf. AS. crystalla, fr. L. crystallum; prob. akin to E. crust. See Crust, Raw.] 1. (Chem. & Min.) The regular form which a substance tends to assume in solidifying, through the inherent power of cohesive attraction. It is bounded by plane surfaces, symmetrically arranged, and each species of crystal has fixed axial ratios. See Crystallization.

2. The material of quartz, in crystallization transparent or nearly so, and either colorless or slightly tinged with gray, or the like; -- called also rock crystal. Ornamental vessels are made of it. Cf. Smoky quartz, Pebble; also Brazilian pebble, under Brazilian.

3. A species of glass, more perfect in its composition and manufacture than common glass, and often cut into ornamental forms. See Flint glass.

4. The glass over the dial of a watch case.

5. Anything resembling crystal, as clear water, etc.

The blue crystal of the seas. Byron.

Blood crystal. See under Blood. -- Compound crystal. See under Compound. -- Iceland crystal, a transparent variety of calcite, or crystallized calcium carbonate, brought from Iceland, and used in certain optical instruments, as the polariscope. -- Rock crystal, or Mountain crystal, any transparent crystal of quartz, particularly of limpid or colorless quartz.

Crys"tal, a. Consisting of, or like, crystal; clear; transparent; lucid; pellucid; crystalline.

Through crystal walls each little mote will peep. Shak.

By crystal streams that murmur through the meads. Dryden.