Part 315

&fist; Among its important ingredients are benzene, aniline, phenol, naphtalene, anthracene, etc., which are respectively typical of many dye stuffs, as the aniline dyes, the phthale´ns, indigo, alizarin, and many flavoring extracts whose artificial production is a matter of great commercial importance.

Coal"-whip`per (?), n. One who raises coal out of the hold of a ship. [Eng.] Dickens.

Coal" works (?). A place where coal is dug, including the machinery for raising the coal.

Coal"y (?), a. [From Coal, n.] Pertaining to, or resembling, coal; containing coal; of the nature of coal.

Coam"ings (?), n. pl. [Cf. Comb a crest.] (Naut.) Raised pieces of wood of iron around a hatchway, skylight, or other opening in the deck, to prevent water from running bellow; esp. the fore-and-aft pieces of a hatchway frame as distinguished from the transverse head ledges. [Written also combings.]

Co`an*nex" (?), v. t. To annex with something else.

Co`ap*ta"tion (?), n. [L. coaptatio, fr. coaptare to fit together; co- + aptare. See Aptate.] The adaptation or adjustment of parts to each other, as of a broken bone or dislocated joint.

{ Co*arct" (?), Co*arc"tate (?) }, v. t. [See Coarctate, a.] 1. To press together; to crowd; to straiten; to confine closely. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. To restrain; to confine. [Obs.] Ayliffe.

Co*arc"tate (?), a. [L. coarctatus, p. p. of coarctare to press together; co- + arctare to press together, from arctus, p. p. See Arctation.] (Zo÷l.) Pressed together; closely connected; -- applied to insects having the abdomen separated from the thorax only by a constriction.

Coarctate pupa (Zo÷l.), a pupa closely covered by the old larval skin, as in most Diptera.

Co`arc*ta"tion (?), n. [L. coarctatio.] 1. Confinement to a narrow space. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. Pressure; that which presses. [Obs.] Ray.

3. (Med.) A stricture or narrowing, as of a canal, cavity, or orifice.

Coarse (kōrs), a. [Compar. Coarser (kōrs"&etilde;r); superl. Coarsest.] [As this word was anciently written course, or cours, it may be an abbreviation of of course, in the common manner of proceeding, common, and hence, homely, made for common domestic use, plain, rude, rough, gross, e. g., "Though the threads be course." Gascoigne. See Course.]

1. Large in bulk, or composed of large parts or particles; of inferior quality or appearance; not fine in material or close in texture; gross; thick; rough; -- opposed to fine; as, coarse sand; coarse thread; coarse cloth; coarse bread.

2. Not refined; rough; rude; unpolished; gross; indelicate; as, coarse manners; coarse language.

I feel Of what coarse metal ye are molded. Shak.

To copy, in my coarse English, his beautiful expressions. Dryden.

Syn. -- Large; thick; rough; gross; blunt; uncouth; unpolished; inelegant; indelicate; vulgar.

Coarse"-grained` (kōrs"grānd`), a. Having a coarse grain or texture, as wood; hence, wanting in refinement.

Coarse"ly, adv. In a coarse manner; roughly; rudely; inelegantly; uncivilly; meanly.

Coars"en (kōrs"'n), v. t. To make coarse or vulgar; as, to coarsen one's character. [R.] Graham.

Coarse"ness (kōrs"n&ebreve;s), n. The quality or state of being coarse; roughness; inelegance; vulgarity; grossness; as, coarseness of food, texture, manners, or language. "The coarseness of the sackcloth." Dr. H. More.

Pardon the coarseness of the illustration. L'Estrange.

A coarseness and vulgarity in all the proceedings. Burke.

Co`ar*tic`u*la"tion (?), n. (Anat.) The union or articulation of bones to form a joint.

Co`-as*sess"or (?), n. A joint assessor.