Part 239

2. A clay tobacco pipe, with a long tube. [Slang, Eng.]

There was a small wooden table placed in front of the smoldering fire, with decanters, a jar of tobacco, and two long churchwardens. W. Black.

Church"ward`en*ship, n. The office of a churchwarden.

Church"y, a. Relating to a church; unduly fond of church forms. [Colloq.]

Church"yard` (?), n. The ground adjoining a church, in which the dead are buried; a cemetery.

Like graves in the holy churchyard. Shak.

Syn. -- Burial place; burying ground; graveyard; necropolis; cemetery; God's acre.

Churl (?), n. [AS. ceorl a freeman of the lowest rank, man, husband; akin to D. karel, kerel, G. kerl, Dan. & Sw. karl, Icel. karl, and to the E. proper name Charles (orig., man, male), and perh. to Skr. jāra lover. Cf. Carl, Charles's Wain.] 1. A rustic; a countryman or laborer. "A peasant or churl." Spenser.

Your rank is all reversed; let men of cloth Bow to the stalwart churls in overalls. Emerson.

2. A rough, surly, ill-bred man; a boor.

A churl's courtesy rarely comes, but either for gain or falsehood. Sir P. Sidney.

3. A selfish miser; an illiberal person; a niggard.

Like to some rich churl hoarding up his pelf. Drayton.

Churl, a. Churlish; rough; selfish. [Obs.] Ford.

Churl"ish, a. 1. Like a churl; rude; cross-grained; ungracious; surly; illiberal; niggardly. "Churlish benefits." Ld. Burleigh.

Half mankind maintain a churlish strife. Cowper.

2. Wanting pliancy; unmanageable; unyielding; not easily wrought; as, a churlish soil; the churlish and intractable nature of some minerals. Boyle.

Churl"ish*ly, adv. In a churlish manner.

Churl"ish*ness, n. Rudeness of manners or temper; lack of kindness or courtesy.

Churl"y (?), a. Rude; churlish; violent. Longfellow.

{ Churme (?), Chirm (?) }, n. [See Chirm.] Clamor, or confused noise; buzzing. [Obs.]

The churme of a thousand taunts and reproaches. Bacon.

Churn (chűrn), n. [OE. chirne, cherne, AS. ceren, cyrin; akin to D. karn, Dan. kierne. See Churn, v. t.] A vessel in which milk or cream is stirred, beaten, or otherwise agitated (as by a plunging or revolving dasher) in order to separate the oily globules from the other parts, and obtain butter.

Churn, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Churned (chűrnd); p. pr. & vb. n. Churning.] [OE. chernen, AS. cernan; akin to LG. karnen, G. kernen, D. karnen, Dan. kierne, Sw. kńrna, and also to E. corn, kernel, the meaning coming from the idea of extracting the kernel or marrow. See Kernel.] 1. To stir, beat, or agitate, as milk or cream in a churn, in order to make butter.

2. To shake or agitate with violence.

Churned in his teeth, the foamy venom rose. Addison.

Churn, v. i. To perform the operation of churning.

Churn"ing, n. 1. The act of one who churns.