Part 236

A*nal"o*gism (&?;), n. [Gr. &?; course of reasoning, fr. &?; to think over, to calculate] 1. Logic an argument from the cause to the effect; an a priori argument. Johnson.

2. Investigation of things by the analogy they bear to each other. Crabb.

A*nal"o*gist (&?;), n. One who reasons from analogy, or represent, by analogy. Cheyne.

A*nal"o*gize, v. i. To employ, or reason by, analogy.

||A*nal"o*gon (&?;), n. [Gr. &?;.] Analogue.

A*nal"o*gous (&?;), a. [L. analogous, Gr. &?; according to a due ratio, proportionate; &?; + &?; ratio, proportion. See Logic.] Having analogy; corresponding to something else; bearing some resemblance or proportion; -- often followed by to.

Analogous tendencies in arts and manners. De Quincey.

Decay of public spirit, which may be considered analogous to natural death. J. H. Newman.

nalogous pole (Pyroelect.), that pole of a crystal which becomes positively electrified when heated.

Syn. -- Correspondent; similar; like.

-- A*nal"o gous*ly, adv. -- A*nal"o*gous*ness, n.

An"a*logue (?; 115), n. [F. &?;, fr. Gr. &?;.] 1. That which is analogous to, or corresponds with, some other thing.

The vexatious tyranny of the individual despot meets its analogue in the insolent tyranny of the many. I. Taylor.

2. (Philol.) A word in one language corresponding with one in another; an analogous term; as, the Latin "pater" is the analogue of the English "father."

3. (Nat. Hist.) (a) An organ which is equivalent in its functions to a different organ in another species or group, or even in the same group; as, the gill of a fish is the analogue of a lung in a quadruped, although the two are not of like structural relations. (b) A species in one genus or group having its characters parallel, one by one, with those of another group. (c) A species or genus in one country closely related to a species of the same genus, or a genus of the same group, in another: such species are often called representative species, and such genera, representative genera. Dana.

A*nal"o*gy (&?;), n.; pl. Analogies (&?;). [L. analogia, Gr. &?;, fr. &?;: cf. F. analogie. See Analogous.] 1. A resemblance of relations; an agreement or likeness between things in some circumstances or effects, when the things are otherwise entirely different. Thus, learning enlightens the mind, because it is to the mind what light is to the eye, enabling it to discover things before hidden.

Followed by between, to, or with; as, there is an analogy between these objects, or one thing has an analogy to or with another.

Analogy is very commonly used to denote similarity or essential resemblance; but its specific meaning is a similarity of relations, and in this consists the difference between the argument from example and that from analogy. In the former, we argue from the mere similarity of two things; in the latter, from the similarity of their relations. Karslake.

2. (Biol.) A relation or correspondence in function, between organs or parts which are decidedly different.

3. (Geom.) Proportion; equality of ratios.

4. (Gram.) Conformity of words to the genius, structure, or general rules of a language; similarity of origin, inflection, or principle of pronunciation, and the like, as opposed to anomaly. Johnson.

An"a*lyse (&?;), v., An"a*ly`ser (&?;), n., etc. Same as Analyze, Analyzer, etc.

A*nal"y*sis (&?;), n.; pl. Analyses (&?;). [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to unloose, to dissolve, to resolve into its elements; &?; up + &?; to loose. See Loose.] 1. A resolution of anything, whether an object of the senses or of the intellect, into its constituent or original elements; an examination of the component parts of a subject, each separately, as the words which compose a sentence, the tones of a tune, or the simple propositions which enter into an argument. It is opposed to synthesis.

2. (Chem.) The separation of a compound substance, by chemical processes, into its constituents, with a view to ascertain either (a) what elements it contains, or (b) how much of each element is present. The former is called qualitative, and the latter quantitative analysis.

3. (Logic) The tracing of things to their source, and the resolving of knowledge into its original principles.

4. (Math.) The resolving of problems by reducing the conditions that are in them to equations.

5. (a) A syllabus, or table of the principal heads of a discourse, disposed in their natural order. (b) A brief, methodical illustration of the principles of a science. In this sense it is nearly synonymous with synopsis.

6. (Nat. Hist.) The process of ascertaining the name of a species, or its place in a system of classification, by means of an analytical table or key.