CHAPTER VIII.. General Laws of Origin and Migrations of Plants--Relations

General Laws of Origin and Migrations of Plants--Relations of Recent and Fossil Floras 237

APPENDIX.

I. Comparative View of Paleozoic Floras 273

II. Heer's Latest Statements on the Greenland Flora 281

III. Mineralisation of Fossil Plants 284

IV. General Works on Palæobotany 286

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

PAGE

Table of Chronology of Plants (Frontispiece.) Protannularia Harknessii 21 Nematophyton Logani (three Figures) 22, 23 Trail of King-Crab 28 Trail of Carboniferous Crustacean 28 Rusichnites 29 Palæophycus 30 Astropolithon 31 Carboniferous Rill-mark 33 Cast of Shrinkage Cracks 34 Cone-in-cone 36 Buthotrephis 37 Silurian Vegetation 40 Erian Plants 49 Protosalvinia 54 Ptilophyton (two Figures) 62, 63 Psilophyton (two Figures) 64, 66 Sphenophyllum 65 Lepidodendron 66 Various Ferns 72, 73 Archæopteris 74 Caulopteris 75 Megalopteris 76 Calamites 77 Asterophyllites 78 Dadoxylon 79 Cordaites 81 Erian Fruits 82 Foliage from the Coal-formation 111 Sigillariæ (five Figures) 112-114 Stigmariæ (two Figures) 115 Vegetable Tissues 117 Coals and Erect Trees (two Figures) 118, 119 Lepidodendron 120 Lepidophloios 121 Asterophyllites, &c. 122 Calamites (five Figures) 123-125 Ferns of the Coal-formation (six Figures) 126-129 Noeggerathia dispar 130 Cordaites 131 Fruits of Cordaites, &c. 132 Conifers of the Coal-formation (four Species) 135 Trigonocarpum 136 Sternbergia 137 Walchia imbricatula 138 Foliage of the Jurassic Period 177 Podozamites 178 Salisburia 180 Sequoia 181 Populus primæva 191 Stercalia and Laurophyllum 194 Vegetation of the Cretaceous Period 195 Platanus 198 Protophyllum 199 Magnolia 200 Liriodendron (two Figures) 201 Brasenia 207 Gaylussaccia resinosa 228 Populus balsamifera 229 Fucus 230

THE

GEOLOGICAL HISTORY OF PLANTS.