Part 11

Superposition, law of—in an undisturbed sequence of rocks younger beds overlie older beds.

Syncline—a trough-like fold in the rocks, with the beds dipping inward on either side. See Anticline.

Talus—a mass of rock debris commonly on slopes or at the base of a steep mountain or cliff.

Topography—the configuration of a land surface.

Unconformity—a break in the sequence of rock formations which separates younger strata from older ones; caused primarily by removal of older rocks by erosion before those of a later sequence were laid down.

Weathering—any natural process, mechanical or chemical, whereby rocks are disintegrated or decomposed into smaller particles and ultimately into clay and soil.

Index

A abrasion: 30 Adair, John: 6 “Age of Mammals”: 27 alabaster: 17 ancient man in Palo Duro Canyon: 3 anhydrite: 18 anticlines: 18 Apaches: 1, 3 aquifer: 26 Arapahos: 3 Archeozoic rocks: 13

B “blow sand”: 28 bottom load: 29 Brazos River: 8 Buettneria: 22, 23, 24

C calcite: 22 caliche: 26 camels: 27 camping and picnicking: 43 Canyon, Texas: 45 Capitol Peak: 1, 18, 19, 31, 40, 42 Carboniferous Period: 16 Catarina Cave: 19, 37, 38 chemical weathering: 30 chert: 26 Cheyennes: 3 Civilian Conservation Corps: 8 Colorado River: 8 comancheros: 6, 46 Comanches: 1, 3 concretions: 22 conglomerate: 24 coprolites: 22 Coronado, Francisco Vasquez de: 3 Coronado Lodge: 1, 21, 26, 33, 34 “Cow Cabins”: 41 cross-bedding: 19, 20 cross-stratification: 19

D decomposition: 30 Devil’s Slide: 19, 40, 44 Devil’s Tombstone: 40 differential erosion: 31, 41 disintegration: 30 dugout, Col. Charles Goodnight’s: 39, 40

E earth history: 10-12 Eastern Caprock Escarpment: 8 erosion, differential: 31, 41

F flash floods: 29 fluorescence: 26 fluvial sediments: 24 Fortress Cliff: 1, 40, 42 fossils: 10 frost wedging: 30

G geodes: 22 geologic column: 12 geologic time scale: 11, 12 geomorphologist: 29 Goodnight, Colonel Charles: 1, 39, 40 gypsum: 17

H Harper, Mrs. Ples: 35 hematite: 22 Hester, W. A.: 1 High Plains: 8 hiking: 43 history of park: 3-8 “hoodoos”: 23, 31 Horn, Ron: 35 horseback riding: 43 horses: 27 hydration: 18, 31 hydraulic action: 30

I Ice Age: 3 igneous rocks: 10 Indian campground: 39 Indians of the Plains: 3

J JA Ranch: 6

K Kiowas: 1, 3

L Lighthouse, The: 23, 25, 39, 41 Little Sunday Canyon: 39 Llano Estacado: 8

M Mackenzie, Colonel Ranald: 3 mammals: 27 Marcy, Captain R. B.: 6 mass-wasting: 31 mastodon, shovel-jawed: 27 mechanical weathering: 30 metamorphic rocks: 10 mortar hole: 25

O Observation Point: 33 Ogallala Formation: 21, 23-27, 42 opal: 26 oxidation: 31

P Paleozoic Era: 13 Palo Duro Canyon State Park: 7, 14, 45 Panhandle-Plains Historical Museum: 2, 27, 45-46 Park Entrance: 33 park history: 3-8 Park Road 5: 33, 38, 50 Parker, Chief Quanah: 7 Pecos River: 8 pedestal rock: 25 petrified wood: 22 photography: 43 phytosaurs: 22 picnicking and camping: 43 Pioneer Amphitheatre: 33-34 Plains Indians: 3 Pleistocene rocks: 28 time: 3 Pliocene Epoch: 27 Prairie Dog Town Fork of the Red River: 1, 29, 39 Precambrian rocks: 13 principle of superposition: 13 Proterozoic rocks: 13 psilomelane: 22

Q Quartermaster Formation: 12, 17-19, 20, 21, 31, 36, 37, 42, 44

R Red River: 8, 29 reduction halos: 19, 20 ripple marks: 19 Rock Garden, The: 23, 40, 43 Rocky Mountains: 24

S saber-tooth cat: 27 Sad Monkey, Texas: 36 Railroad: 6, 20, 23, 35 Santana’s Face: 23, 37, 38 satin spar: 17 Scenic Drive, The: 33 sedimentary rocks: 10 sediments: 10 selenite: 17 septaria: 22 septarian concretions: 22 shovel-jawed mastodon: 27 Sky Ride, The: 37 Sleeping Indian: 40, 42 sloths: 27 siliceous rocks: 27 solution: 29 Spanish Skirts: 19, 37 suffosian: 19 Sunday Canyon: 40 superposition, principle of: 13 suspension: 29 synclines: 18

T talus: 31 talus slopes: 31 Tecovas Formation: 19-22, 36, 37, 42, 44 Texas Panhandle: 9 Texas Panhandle Heritage Foundation, Inc.: 35 Texas Parks and Wildlife Department: 2 Texas-Santa Fe Expedition: 6 Timber Mesa: 1, 23, 37, 38 time scale, geologic: 11, 12 tortoises: 27 Triassic Peak: 1, 35 Trujillo Formation: 20, 21, 22-23, 36, 38, 42, 43 Turnaround, The: 1, 41, 44

U unconformities: 21

W water crossings: 39 weathering: 30 West Texas State University: 45 Wolfin, Charles A.: 1