Part 10

Several early reports on the Green and Colorado Rivers and their potential utilization contain a wealth of information and many fine photographs—two reports on the Colorado River by La Rue (1916, 1925), one on the Green River by Wooley (1930), and one on the upper Colorado River (above the confluence) by Follansbee (1929).

For those who wish to learn more about the science of geology, I suggest the textbook by Gilluly, Waters, and Woodford (1968).

Acknowledgments

My deep appreciation goes to Bates Wilson, former superintendent of Canyonlands National Park, and to Joe Carithers, former assistant superintendent, for their splendid cooperation in supplying data and information and for making available four-wheel-drive vehicles. I also wish to thank Chuck Budge, former chief ranger; Dave May, assistant chief ranger; Joe Miller, former maintenance engineer; Bob Kerr, new superintendent; Maxine Newell, park historian and member of the staff at Arches National Park; Jerry Banta, park ranger at Arches; and Dave Minor, district ranger for the Needles district, for their many favors.

I am grateful to several colleagues and friends for the loan of photographs, for geologic help and data, and for reviewing this report. I am also deeply grateful to my wife Ruth for accompanying me on all the field work and for her help and encouragement.

Selected references

Baars, D. L., and Molenaar, C. M., 1971, Geology of Canyonlands and Cataract Canyon: [Durango, Colo.] Four Corners Geol. Soc., 6th Field Conf., Cataract Canyon River exped., 99 p. Baker, A. A., 1933, Geology and oil possibilities of the Moab district, Grand and San Juan Counties, Utah: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 841, 95 p. ___ 1946, Geology of the Green River Desert-Cataract Canyon region, Emery, Wayne, and Garfield Counties, Utah: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 951, 122 p. Baker, Pearl, 1971, The Wild Bunch at Robbers Roost: New York, Toronto, London, Abelard-Schuman, 224 p. Bishop, Captain Francis Marion, 1947, Bishop’s Journal edited by Charles Kelley, in Biographical sketches and original documents of the second Powell expedition of 1871-72: Utah State Hist. Soc., Utah Hist. Quart., v. 15, p. 159-238. Crampton, C. G., 1964, Standing up country, the canyon lands of Utah and Arizona: New York, Alfred A. Knopf (Utah Univ. Press, in association with Amon Carter Mus. Western Art), 191 p. Dellenbaugh, F. S., 1902, The romance of the Colorado River: New York, G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 399 p. [reprinted 1962 by Rio Grande Press, Chicago, III.] __ 1962, A canyon voyage: The narrative of the second Powell Expedition down the Green-Colorado River from Wyoming, and the explorations on land, in the years 1871 and 1872: New Haven and London, Yale Univ. Press, Foreword by William H. Goetzmann, 277 p. Everhart, W. C., 1972, The National Park Service, Praeger Library of U.S. Government Departments and Agencies No. 13: New York, London, Praeger Publishers, Inc., 276 p. Findley, Rowe, 1971. Canyonlands—realm of rock and the far horizon: Nat Geog. Mag., July, p. 71-91. Follansbee, Robert, 1929, Upper Colorado River and its utilization: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 617, 394 p. Gilluly, James, Waters, A. C., and Woodford, A. O., 1968, Principles of geology [3d ed.]: San Francisco and London, W. H. Freeman and Co., 685 p. Hansen, W. R., 1969, The geologic story of the Uinta Mountains [with graphics by John R. Stacy]: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1291, 144p. Harrison, T. S., 1927, Colorado-Utah salt domes: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 11, no. 2, p. 111-133. Haynes, D. D., Vogel, J. D., and Wyant, D. G., 1972, Geology, structure, and uranium deposits of the Cortez quadrangle, Colorado and Utah: U.S. Geol. Survey Misc. Geol. Inv. Map I-629. Herron, W. H., 1917, Profile surveys in the Colorado River basin in Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 396, 6 p., 43 pl. Hinrichs, E. N., and others, 1967, Geologic map of the northwest quarter of the Hatch Point quadrangle, San Juan County, Utah: U.S. Geol. Survey Misc. Geol. Inv. Map I-513. __ 1968, Geologic map of the northeast quarter of the Hatch Point quadrangle, San Juan County, Utah: U.S. Geol. Survey Misc. Geol. Inv. Map 1-526. __ 1971a, Geologic map of the southeast quarter of the Hatch Point quadrangle, San Juan County, Utah: U.S. Geol. Survey Misc. Geol. Inv. Map 1-669. __ 1971b, Geologic map of the southwest quarter of the Hatch Point quadrangle, San Juan County, Utah: U.S. Geol. Survey Misc. Geol. Inv. Map 1-670. Hite, R. J., 1968, Salt deposits of the Paradox Basin, southeast Utah and southwest Colorado, in Mattox, R. B., ed., Saline deposits: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 88, p. 319-330. Hunt, Alice, 1956, Archeology of southeastern Utah, in Geology and economic deposits of east-central Utah: Intermountain Assoc. Petroleum Geologists, 7th Ann. Field Conf., Salt Lake City, Utah, 1956, p. 13-18. Hunt, C. B., 1969, Geologic history of the Colorado River, in The Colorado River region, and John Wesley Powell: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 669, p. 59-130. Jennings, J. D., 1970, Canyonlands—aborigines: Naturalist, v. 21, Summer, Spec. Issue 2, p. 10-15. Joesting, H. R., and Plouff, Donald, 1958, Geophysical studies of the Upheaval Dome area, San Juan County, Utah: Intermountain Assoc. Petroleum Geologists, 9th Ann. Field Conf., Salt Lake City, Utah, 1958, p. 86-91. Joesting, H. R., Case, J. E., and Plouff, Donald, 1966, Regional geophysical investigations of the Moab-Needles area, Utah: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 516-C, 21 p. Kolb, E. L., 1927, Through the Grand Canyon from Wyoming to Mexico [2d ed.]: New York, Macmillan, 344 p. Lansford, Henry, 1972, Boatman in the desert, a passenger-carrying stern-wheeler in canyon country: Empire [magazine of the Denver Post], Nov. 5, p. 18-19. La Rue, E. C., 1916, Colorado River and its utilization: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 395, 231 p. __ 1925, Water power and flood control of Colorado River below Green River, Utah, with a forward by Hubert Work, Secretary of the Interior, p. 1-100. [App. A, A report on water supply, by E. C. La Rue and G. F. Holbrook, p. 101-123; app. B, A geologic report on the inner gorge of the Grand Canyon of Colorado River, by R. C. Moore, p. 125-171]: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 556, 176 p. Lewis, R. Q., and Campbell, R. H., 1965, Geology and uranium deposits of Elk Ridge and vicinity, San Juan County, Utah: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 474-B, 69 p. Lohman, S. W., 1965, The geologic story of Colorado National Monument: Colo. and Black Canyon Nat. History Assoc., 56 p. McKnight, E. T., 1940, Geology of area between Green and Colorado Rivers, Grand and San Juan Counties, Utah: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 908, 147 p. Mattox, R. B., 1968, Upheaval Dome, a possible salt dome in the Paradox Basin, Utah, in Mattox, R. B., ed., Saline deposits: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 88, p. 331-347. Mutschler, F. E., 1969, Labyrinth, Stillwater, and Cataract Canyons: River runners’ guide to the canyons of the Green and Colorado Rivers, with emphasis on geologic features, volume II: Denver, Colo., Powell Soc., Ltd., 79 p. Mutschler, F. E., and Hite, R. J., 1969, Origin of the Meander anticline, Cataract Canyon, Utah, and basement fault control of Colorado River drainage [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America, Rocky Mtn. Sec., 22nd Ann. Mtg., Salt Lake City, Utah, 1969, Abs. with Programs, pt. 5, p. 57-58. Newberry, J. S., 1861, Geological report, in Ives, J. C., Report upon the Colorado River of the West: U.S. 36th Cong. 1st sess., S. Ex. Doc. and H. Ex. Doc. 90, pt. 3, 154 p. Newell, Maxine, 1970, Canyonlands—modern history: Naturalist, v. 21, Summer, Spec. Issue 2, p. 40-47. Newman, W. L., 1970, Geologic time: U.S. Geol. Survey, 20 p. Porter, Elliot, 1969, Down the Colorado, John Wesley Powell diary of the first trip through the Grand Canyon 1869: New York, E. P. Dutton & Co., 168 p. Powell, J. W., 1875, Exploration of the Colorado River of the West and its tributaries: Washington, D.C., 291 p. Rabbitt, M. C., 1969, John Wesley Powell: pioneer statesman of federal science, in The Colorado River region and John Wesley Powell: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 669, p. 1-21. Sharrock, F. W., 1966, An archeological survey of Canyonlands National Park: Utah Univ., Dept. Anthropology, Anthropol. Papers, Misc. Paper 83, p. 51-84. Stacy, J. R., 1962, Shortcut method for the preparation of shaded-relief illustrations, in_ Short papers in geology, hydrology, and topography: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 450-D, p. D164-D165. Stokes, W. L., 1970, Canyonlands—geology: Naturalist, v. 21, Summer, Spec. Issue 2, p. 3-9. Stone, J. F., 1932, Canyon country—The romance of a drop of water and a grain of sand: New York, London, G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 442 p. U.S. Geol. Survey, , John Wesley Powell—soldier, explorer, scientist: 23 p. Williams, P. L., 1964, Geology, structure, and uranium deposits of the Moab quadrangle, Colorado and Utah: U.S. Geol. Survey Misc. Geol. Inv. Map I-360. Williams, P. L., and Hackman, R. J., 1971, Geology, structure, and uranium deposits of the Salina quadrangle, Utah: U.S. Geol. Survey Misc. Geol. Inv. Map I-591. Wooley, R. R., 1930, The Green River and its utilization: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 618, 456 p. Wright, J. C., Shaw, D. R., and Lohman, S. W., 1962, Definition of members of the Jurassic Entrada Sandstone in east-central Utah and west-central Colorado: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 46, no. 11, p. 2057-2070.

Footnotes

For the benefit of visitors from countries using the metric system, the following conversion factors may be helpful: 1 square mile = 2.590 square kilometers, 1 acre = 0.4047 hectare, 1 inch = 2.54 centimeters, 1 foot = 0.305 meter, 1 mile = 1.609 kilometers, 1 U.S. gallon = 0.00379 cubic meter.

These plastic relief maps, made by the U.S. Army Map Service, can be obtained from the T.N. Hubbard Scientific Co., Box 105, Northbrook, Ill. 60062. Topographic maps at scales of 1:250,000 and 1:62,500 for the entire area, topographic maps at a scale of 1:24,000 for much of the area, and a special topographic map of “Canyonlands National Park and Vicinity” at a scale of 1:62,500 are available from the U.S. Geological Survey, Denver Distribution Section, Federal Center, Denver, Colo. 80225, and from privately owned shops where maps are sold. A revised edition of the latter, including relief shading, will soon be available. An index map of Utah showing all available topographic maps is free upon request to the above address.

Index

A Abajo Mountains 21, 113 Additions to the park 1 All American Man pictograph 9, 70 Anasazi people 9, 12, 68 Anderson Bottom 93 Angel Arch 24, 68 Anticline Overlook 31, 50 Arches 64, 70 Angel 24, 68 Canyon Viewpoint 36 Castle 68 Druid 24, 76 Gothic 68 in Cedar Mesa Sandstone 66, 115 in Navajo Sandstone 36 Little Rainbow Bridge 98 origin 65 Pinto 98 Wooden Shoe 66 Arches National Park 28, 116

B Beef Basin 9, 75 Benchlands 58 Bighorn Mesa 46 Bishop, Francis Marion, quotation 106 Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Monument 115 Bonita Bend 57, 93 Bootlegger Canyon 98 Bowknot Bend 85, 88 Bryce Canyon National Park 116 Bureau of Land Management 46 Buttes, Junction 27 Merrimac and Monitor 28 of the Cross 92 Turks Head 40, 43, 93

C Campgrounds, Hatch Point 48 near Green River Overlook 43 Peek-a-boo Spring 68 Squaw Flat 2, 63 Windwhistle 47 Cane Creek anticline 31, 50, 53, 100 Canyon de Chelly National Monument 115 Canyon King 98 Canyon Rims Recreation Area 47 Canyon Viewpoint Arch 36 Canyonlands Overlook 48 Canyonlands Resort 2, 63 Canyons, access roads 8 Bootlegger 98 Cataract 5, 85, 108 Colorado River 85 Cyclone 79, 80 Davis 64, 70 Desolation 8 Elephant 76 Green River 85 Horse 64, 67 Horseshoe 1, 9 Kane Springs 48 Labyrinth 5, 90 Lathrop 34, 36 Lavender 64, 70 Lockhart 49 Lower Red Lake 80 Millard 57 Mineral 29 Range 58 Red Lake 80 Salt 9, 64, 66 Sevenmile 28 Stillwater 5, 40, 43, 92 Taylor 91 Trough Springs 48 Upheaval 46 Capitol Reef National Park 115 Castle Arch 68 Cataract Canyon 5, 85, 108 Cave Spring Environmental Trail 14, 66 Cave Spring line camp 2, 14 Cedar Breaks National Monument 116 Cedar Mesa Sandstone 47, 58, 63 arches 66, 115 potholes 36, 65 Chesler Park 75, 76 Chinle Formation 115 Moss Back Member 16, 62 Church Rock 60 Climate 23 Colorado National Monument 115 Colorado Plateau 17, 21, 114 Colorado River 96, 114 river runners’ guidebook 5 Confluence of Green and Colorado Rivers 17, 80, 106 Confluence Overlook 80 Cutler Formation 48, 54, 62, 98 Cedar Mesa Sandstone Member 47 de Chelly Sandstone Member 115 Organ Rock Tongue 40 White Rim Sandstone Member 34 See also Cedar Mesa Sandstone; White Rim Sandstone. Cyclone Canyon 79, 80

D Davis Canyon 64, 70 Dead Horse Point 30, 31, 101 Dead Horse Point State Park 30 Desolation Canyon 8 Devils Kitchen 75 Devils Lane 75, 80 Devils Pocket 75 Dinosaur National Monument 8, 114 Druid Arch 24, 76 Dugout Ranch 14, 61

E Elaterite Basin 58 Elephant Canyon 76 Elephant Hill 2, 75 Entrada Sandstone 28, 60, 115, 116 Entrances, Island in the Sky district 2, 28, 34 Needles district 2, 60 Ernies Country 58 Erosion 21, 64, 114 landslide 106 Needles district 63 rate 21, 90 volume of rock removed 21, 112

F Facies changes 34, 47, 58, 113 Faults 48, 63, 79, 104 Floods 67 Fort Bottom 91, 92 Fossils 76, 101 Four-wheel-drive roads. See Jeep trails. Fremont people 9, 12

G Gas 53, 112 Geologic history 20, 112 Glen Canyon National Recreation Area 115 Goblin Valley State Park 116 Goose Neck 30, 31, 101 Gothic Arch 68 Grand Canyon National Park 115 Grand (Colorado) River 17, 96 Grand View Point 40 Grays Pasture 29, 36 Green River 87 Overlook 43 River runners’ guidebook 4 Ground water 64, 65

H Hatch Point 46 Hatch Point Campground 48 Henry Mountains 21, 114 Hermosa Formation, Paradox Member 53, 79, 108 History, Butch Cassidy and his Wild Bunch 14, 57, 92 cliff dwellers 9 cliff dwellings 97 cowboys 14, 30 first siting by white man 4 mapping 117 Powell river expeditions 4, 87 railroads 96 trapper Julien 90 Horse Canyon 64, 67 Horseshoe Canyon 1, 9 Horseshoe Canyon Detached Unit 54 Horsethief Trail 29, 36, 90 Hurrah Pass 48, 50

I Igneous rocks 20, 113 Indian Creek 61, 93, 101 Indian Creek State Park 12, 61 Indian ruins. See Ruins. Indians, Anasazi 9, 12, 68 Fremont 9, 12 Pueblo 9 Ute 12 Iron 23 Island in the Sky 27

J Jackson Hole 90, 100 Jeep trails, Davis Canyon 70 Elephant Hill 2, 75 Horse Canyon 67 Hurrah Pass 48 Island in the Sky district 36 Lavender Canyon 70 Needles district 2, 63, 75 Potash area 98 reason for building 16 Salt Canyon 66 Silver Stairs 2, 79, 80 SOB Hill 2, 75 west of Green River 54 Jennings, J. D., quotation 9, 12 Joint Trail 76 Joints 63, 79 Julien 90 Junction Butte 27

K Kane Springs Canyon 48 Kayenta Formation 25, 54, 115 Keyhole Ruin 67 King’s Bottom syncline 50, 98

L La Sal Mountains 21, 113 Labyrinth Canyon 5, 90 Lake Powell 23, 108 Land of Standing Rocks 58 Lathrop Canyon 34, 36 Lavender Canyon 64, 70 Little Rainbow Bridge 98 Lockhart Basin 49 Lockhart Canyon 49 Lohman, S. W., quotation 25 Lower Red Lake Canyon 80

M Maps, geologic 117 satellite image 18 shaded relief 18 Meander anticline 79, 108 Merrimac and Monitor Buttes 28 Mesa Trail 36 Mesa Verde National Park 116 Mesas 27, 46 Metamorphic rocks 21 Metric conversion factors 1 Millard Canyon 57 Mineral Canyon 29 Mines, Atomic King 50 Mi Vida 16 potash 53, 98 School Section 13 100 uranium 16, 29, 50, 100 Moab 16, 86, 96 Moab anticline 50 Moenkopi Formation 43, 58, 115 Monument Basin 40, 42 Monument Valley 115 Morrison Formation 114 Moss Back Member of Chinle Formation 16, 62 Mutschler, F. E., quotation 91

N Natural Bridges National Monument 115 Navajo Sandstone 46, 98, 115, 116 arches 36 color 24 environment of deposition 20 resistance to erosion 25 Needles district 60 Needles Overlook 42, 47 Newell, Maxine, quotation 100 Newspaper Rock 12, 61 North Point 57

O Oil 53, 100, 112 Old Spanish Trail 57, 108 Orange Cliffs 54 Organ Rock Tongue of Cutler Formation 40 Overlooks, Anticline 31, 50 Canyonlands 48 Confluence 80 Dead Horse Point 30, 31 Grand View Point 40 Green River 43 Needles 42, 47 U-3 loop 49

P Paradox Basin 113 Paradox Member of Hermosa Formation 53, 79, 108, 113 Paul Bunyans Potty 67 Petrified Forest National Park 115 Petroglyphs 12, 97 Photography 3 Powell camera stations 5, 90, 93 Picnic sites 36, 46, 75 Pictographs 9, 12, 70 Pinto Arch 98 Porter, Elliot, quotation 87 Potash salts 53, 98, 113 Potholes 36, 65 Powell, John Wesley 4, 87 John Wesley, quotation 106 river expeditions 4, 87 Memorial Highway 8 Pueblo people 9

Q Quicksand 66