Appendix Lxix.

CHINESE COMPETITION WITH JAPAN [XLIII]. The Jiji called attention in the spring of 1921 to the way in which spinning mills in China were an increasing menace to Japanese industry. There were in China 810,000 spindles under Chinese management, 250,000 under European and 340,000 under Japanese, a total of 1,430,000, which will shortly be increased to 1,150,000 against 3,000,000 in Japan only 1,800,000 of which are at work. The 1919 return was: China, 1,530,000; Japan, 3,200,000.

HOODWINKING THE FOREIGNER In the Manchester Guardian Japan Number, June 9, 1921, the managing director of a leading spinning company, in a page and a half article, states that among the reasons why a large capitalisation is needed by Japanese factories, beyond the fact of higher cost of machinery, is the "special protection needed for Japanese operatives and the special consideration given by the spinners to the happiness and welfare of their operatives." When will Japanese believe their best friends when they tell them that such attempts to hoodwink the foreigner achieve no result but to cover themselves with ridicule?

TOBACCO . In 1918-19 there was produced on 24,439 chō 10,308,089 kwan of tobacco. During the same period 9,681,274 kwan were taken by the Government, which paid 19,114,803 yen or 1.974 per kwan. In 1919 there was imported leaf tobacco to the value of 5,288,918 yen. Cigarettes to the value of 589,744 yen were exported. The profits of the Tobacco Monopoly, estimated at 71 millions for 1919-20, were estimated at 88 millions for 1920-1.

ELECTORAL OFFENCES . There were candidates at the 1920 election who spent 50,000 yen. It is not uncommon for the number of persons charged with election offences to reach four figures. The qualification for a vote (law of 1918) is the payment of 3 yen of national tax. Under the old law there were about 25 voters per 1,000 inhabitants; now there are 54.

SMALLNESS OF ESTATES [XLVII]. The number of men holding from 5 to 10 chō was, in 1919, 121,141 and between 10 and 50 chō, 45,978. The number holding 50 chō (125 acres) and upwards was only 4,226, and 400 or so of these were in Hokkaido. See also Appendix XXXI.

VEGETABLE WAX MAKING [XLVIII]. The wax-tree berries are flailed and then pounded. Next comes boiling. The mush obtained is put into a bag and that bag into a wooden press. The result is wax in its first state. A reboiling follows and then--the discovery of the method was made by a wax manufacturer while washing his hands--a slow dropping of the wax into water. What is taken out of the water is wax in a flaked state. It is dried, melted and poured into moulds. The best berries yield 13 per cent. of fine wax. The variety of wax grown was oro (yellow wax). There is another variety. The sort I saw is grafted at three years with its own variety. The fruitful period lasts for a quarter of a century. Roughly, the yield is 100 kwan per tan. Formerly, wax was made from wild trees.

NAMES FOR ETA . Eta (great defilement) is an offensive name. The phrase tokushu buraku (special villages), applied to Eta hamlets, is also objected to. Heimin is the official name, but the Eta are generally termed shin heimin (new common people), which is again regarded as invidiously distinguishing them. The name chihō is now officially proposed for Eta villages. The fact that many Eta have made large sums during the war has somewhat improved the position of their class. Some Eta are well satisfied with their name and freely acknowledge their origin. Year by year intermarriage increases in Japan. A Home Department official has been quoted as saying that in 1918 as many as 450 marriages were registered between Eta and ordinary Japanese.

The population of the village I visited, 1,900 in 300 families, was getting its living as follows: farming 682, trade 185, industry 31, day labour 97, travelling players 180, not reported 180. The Parliamentary voters were 10, prefectural 17, county 19 and village 57. There were 98 ex-soldiers in the community and one man was a member of the local education committee. The birth rate was above the local average. The crimes committed during the year were: theft 2, gambling 2, assault 1, police offences 3. Of the 300 families only one was destitute, and it had been taken care of by the young women's society.

A considerable proportion of the early emigrants to America were Eta. It is now recognised that it was a short-sighted policy on the part of the authorities to allow them to go.

PAPER MAKING . A paper-making outfit may cost from 60 to 70 yen only. The shrubs grown to produce bark for paper making are kōzo (the paper mulberry), mitsumata (Edgworthia chrysantha) and gampi (Wilkstroemia sikokiana). Someone has also hit on the idea of turning the bark of the ordinary mulberry to use in paper making.

LIBRARIES, THE PRESS AND THE CENSORSHIP . There are 1,200 libraries in the country with 4 million books and 8 million visitors in the year. About 47,000 books are published in a year, of which less than half, probably, are original works. From one to two hundred are translations, usually condensed translations. The largest number deal with politics. There are about 3,000 newspapers and periodicals. In 1917 some 1,200 issues of newspapers and periodicals attracted the attention of the censor and the sale of 600 books was prohibited. Some sixty foreign books were stopped.

JAPANESE IN BRAZIL . Emigration to South America has latterly been arrested through the rise in wages at home. During the past four years an average of about 3,000 families has gone every twelve months to Brazil, where about a quarter of a million acres are owned and leased by Japanese. The Japanese Government spends 100,000 yen a year on giving a grant of 50 yen to each emigrating family up to 2,000 in number, through the Overseas Colonisation Company. The Brazilian Government also offers a gratuity.

CATTLE KEEPING IN SOUTH-WESTERN JAPAN . Tajima, the old province which comprises about four counties in Tottori, is a large supplier of "Kobe beef," but it is a cattle-feeding not a grazing district. The number of cattle in Hyogo is double the cattle population of Tottori, but no cattle keeper has more than a score of beasts. The usual thing is for farmers to have two or three apiece. Some of the "Kobe beef" comes from the prefectures of Hiroshima and Okayama. It is in the north of Japan, where the people are not so thick on the ground and cultivation is less intense, that cattle production has its best chance.

VALUE OF LAND . The value of land in the hill-village in which I stayed necessarily varied, but the average price of paddy was given me as 250 yen per tan. Dry land was half that. Open hill land, that is the so-called grass land, might be worth 120 yen. The rise in values which has taken place is illustrated by the following table of farm-land values per tan in 1919, published by the Bank of Japan:

------------------------------------------------------------ | Paddy | Upland ------------------------------------------------------------ |Good |Ordinary|Bad |Good |Ordinary|Bad ------------------------------------------------------------ Hokkaido |231 |158 |95 |115 |62 |26 {North } |802 |579 |366 |477 |295 |170 Honshu {Tokyo } |863 |607 |406 |673 |442 |272 (main {middle} |1,226 |834 |523 |875 |565 |313 island){west } |1,226 |840 |525 |727 |443 |244 Shikoku |1,120 |784 |470 |752 |450 |225 Kyushu |960 |652 |416 |538 |300 |175 -----------------------------------------------------------

FRUIT PRODUCTION . The Japanese when they do not eat meat do not feel the need of fruit which is experienced in the West. But there is now a steady increase in the fruit crops. For 1918 the figures were (in thousands of kwan): persimmons, 43,620; pears, 27,730; oranges, 73,660; peaches, 12,810; apples, 6,695; grapes, 6,240; plums (largely used pickled), 6,190.

JAPANESE STUDENTS ABROAD . During 1921 more than 200 young professors or candidates for professorships were sent to Europe and America by the Ministry of Education. Probably another 300 were studying on funds (£450 for a year plus fares is the grant which is made by the Ministry of Education) supplied by the Ministries of Agriculture, of Railways and of the Army and Navy (often supplemented, no doubt, by money furnished by their families). If to these students are added those sent by independent Universities, institutions, corporations and private firms, the total cannot be fewer than 1,000. The students stay from six months to two or three years, and when they return others take their places. Counting diplomatists, business men, tourists and students there are, of course, more Japanese in Great Britain than there are British in Japan. There are fifteen hundred Japanese in London alone.

TEA PRODUCTION . Every prefecture but Aomori produces some tea, but very little is grown in the prefectures of the extreme north. The largest producers are in order: Shidzuoka, Miye, Nara, Kyoto, Kumamoto, Gifu, Kagoshima, Shiga, Saitama, Osaka and Ibariki. In 1919 Shidzuoka produced 4 million kwan, valued at nearly 13 million yen. But the statistics of tea production are unsatisfactory. Much tea is produced and sold locally which is unreported. A great deal of this is of inferior quality and produced from half-wild bushes. The 1919 figures are: area, 48,843 chō; number of factories, 1,122,164; green tea--sencha, 7,205,886 kwan; bancha, 2,580,035 kwan; gyokuro, 75,826 kwan; black, 50,756 kwan; others, 234,868 kwan; sencha dust, 249,862 kwan; other dust, 486 kwan. Total, 10,397,719 kwan; value, 33,377,460 yen. There was exported green tea (pan fired), 12,420,000 yen; green tea (basket fired), 4,575,000 yen; others, 1,405,000 yen. Of this there went to the United States consignments to the value of 15,600,000 yen and to Canada of 1,700,000 yen. In 1918 the export to America was 50,000 tons; in 1919, 30,000; and in 1920, 23,000; and a further decline is expected in 1921. The total exports, which were, in 1909, 62 per cent, of the production, were, in 1918, only 57 per cent, and, in 1919, 37 per cent.

THEINE PERCENTAGES.--The following percentages of theine in black and green tea were furnished me by the Department of Agriculture:

--------------------------------------------------- |Green |Green |Black |Oolong |(Basket Fired) |(Pan Fired) | | --------------------------------------------------- Theine |2.81 |2.22 |2.26 |2.35 Tannin |15.08 |14.29 |7.32 |16.15 ---------------------------------------------------

Theine or caffeine is a feathery-looking substance which resembles the material of a silk-worm's cocoon. There is more theine or caffeine in tea leaves than in coffee.

MISTAKES IN CROP STATISTICS [LVIII]. Generally speaking, it may be said that cereals are under-estimated and cocoons over-estimated. Cereals may be 20 per cent. under-estimated. The under-estimation may no doubt be traced back to the time when taxation was on the basis of the grain yield.

OCCUPATIONS FOR THE BLIND . A third of the 70,000 sightless are amma, about a quarter as many practise acupuncture and the application of the moxa, while nearly the same number are musicians or storytellers. The blind have petitioned the Diet to restrict the calling of amma to men and women who have lost their sight.

WELL SINKING FOR GAS . The presence of gas, which is odourless, is betrayed by the discoloration of the water from which it emanates and by bubbles.

HEALTH, HEIGHTS AND WEIGHTS OF SCHOOL CHILDREN . In 1917-18 the constitutions of 1,193,000 elementary school boys were reported as 53 per cent. robust, 48 per cent. medium and 4 per cent. weak. The constitutions of 1,016,000 elementary school girls were reported 49 per cent. robust, 48 per cent. medium and 3 per cent. weak. Just as women are often underfed in Japan, girls may frequently be less well fed than boys. Elementary school boys of 16 averaged 4.84 shaku in height and 10.85 kwan in weight. The average height and weight of 512 elementary school girls of the same age were 4.71 shaku and 10.83 kwan.

HEIGHT AND WEIGHT OF WRESTLERS . In a list of ten famous wrestlers the tallest is stated to be 6.30 shaku (a shaku is 11.93 inches) and the heaviest as 33.2 kwan (a kwan is 8.267 lbs.). The average height and weight of these men work out at 5.84 shaku and 28.4 kwan. By way of comparison it may be mentioned that the percentage of conscripts in 1918 over 5.5 shaku was 2.58 per cent. The average weight of Japanese is recorded as 13 kwan 830 momme.

EXEMPTION FROM AND AVOIDANCE OF CONSCRIPTION [LXIII]. The age is 20 and the service two years (with four years in reserve and ten years depot service). The only son of a parent over 60 unable to support himself or herself is released. Middle school boys' service is postponed till they are 25. Students at higher schools and universities need not serve till 26 or 27. The service of young men abroad (i.e. elsewhere than China) is similarly postponed. (If still abroad at 37, they are entered in territorial army list and exempted.) Young men of education equal to that of middle-school graduates can volunteer for a year and pay 100 yen barracks expenses and be passed out with the rank of non-commissioned officers and be liable thereafter for only two terms of three months in territorial army. There are about half a million youths liable to conscription annually. To this number is to be added about 100,000 postponed cases. (In 1917, 47,324 students, 32,263 abroad, 15,920 whereabouts unknown, 5,069 ill, 3,147 criminal causes, 2,477 absentees, family reasons or crime.) Evasions in 1917: convicted, 234; suspected, 1,582. There are two conscription insurance companies with policies issued for 69 million yen. In one place charms against being conscripted are sold--at a shrine. Desertions in 1916 (7 per cent, officers) 956, of which 258 received more than "light punishment." The conscripts suffering from trachoma were 15.3 per cent. and from venereal diseases 2.2 per cent. Heights (1918): under 5 shaku, 10.95 per cent.; 5-5.3 shaku, 53.34 per cent.; 5.3-5.5 shaku, 33.13 per cent.; above 5.5 shaku, 2.58 per cent. In these four classes there was a decrease in height in the first two of .39 per cent. and .57 per cent. respectively and an increase in the second two of .80 per cent. and 15 per cent. respectively.

HOKKAIDO HOLDINGS . There are only 28 holdings of more than 1,000 chō, 62 of over 500 chō, 161 over 100 chō and 80 over 50 chō. These large holdings are used for cattle breeding alone. There are no more than 620 holdings over 20 chō and only 6,756 over 10. The number over 5 chō is 51,877, and over 2 chō 62,015. Under the area of 2 chō there are as many as 40,928. Few of the largest holdings are worked as single farms. They are let in sections to tenants.

CLAUSES IN A TENANT'S CONTRACT . (1) The tenant must make at least 1 chō of paddy every year. (2) Rent rice must be the best of the harvest, but the tenant may pay in money. (3) In the following cases the owner will give orders to the tenants: (a) If tenants do not use enough manure, (b) If there is disease of plants or insect pests, (c) If the tenant neglects to mend the road or other necessary work is neglected. (4) The owner will dismiss a tenant: (a) If the tenant does not pay his rent without reason, (b) If the tenant is neglectful of his work or is idle, (c) If the tenant is not obedient to the owner and does not keep this contract faithfully. (d) If the tenant is punished by the law. (5) When tenants leave without permission of absence more than twenty days the owner can treat as he will crops or buildings. (6) In the following cases the tenant must provide two labourers to the owner: mending road, drainage canal or bridges; mending water gate and irrigation canal; when necessary public works must be undertaken.

CULTIVATED AREA AND LIVESTOCK . The area of cultivated land in Japan (counting paddy and arable) was, in 1919, 15,179,721 acres (6,071,888 chō). The number of animals kept for tillage purposes was 1,199,970 horses and 1,036,020 homed cattle. The total number of horses in the country was only 1,510,626 and of horned cattle, excluding 207,891 returned as "calving" and 12,761 as "deaths," 1,307,120. Sheep, 4,546; goats, 91,777; swine, 398,155. The number of horned cattle slaughtered in the year was 226,108. Some 86,800 horses were also slaughtered. In Great Britain (arable, pasture and grazing area, 63 million acres) there were, in 1919, 11 million cattle, 25 million sheep, 3 million pigs and 1-3/4 million horses.

EGGS AND POULTRY [LXVII]. Even with the assistance of a tariff on Chinese eggs and of a Government poultry yard, which distributes birds and sittings at cost price, there were in 1919 14,105,085 fowls and 11,278,783 chickens. There was an importation of 3-1/2 million "fresh" eggs.

MEAT CONSUMPTION [LXVIII]. The present meat consumption by Japanese is uncertain, for there were in 1920 3,579 foreign residents and 22,104 visitors, and there is an exportation of ham and tinned and potted foods. The number of animals slaughtered in 1918 was: cattle and calves, 226,108; horses, 86,800; sheep and goats, 9,587; swine, 327,074. Someone said to me that "the nutritious flesh of the horse should not be neglected, for the farmer is able to digest tough food."

TUBERCULOSIS IN THE MILLS . When we remember early and mid-Victorian conditions in English mills and the conditions of the sweat shops in New York and other American cities (vide "Susan Lenox"), we shall be less inclined to take a harsh view of industrial Japan during a period of transition. But it is to the interest of the woollen industry no less than that of its workers that the fact should be stated that a competent authority has alleged that 50 per cent. of the employees in the mills suffer from consumption and that many girls sleep ten in a room of only ten-mat size. Improvements have been made lately under the influence of legislation and enlightened self-interest--the president of the largest company is a man of foresight and public spirit--but when I was in Japan, as I recorded in the New East at the time, girls of 13 and 14 were working 11-hour day and night shifts in some mills.

WOOLLEN FACTORIES . In the Japanese woollen factory the cost of the hands is low individually, but expensive collectively. An expert suggested that it takes half a dozen of the unskilled girls to do the work of an English mill-girl. It is much the same with male labour. "An English worker may be expected to produce work equal to the output of four Japanese hands." Labour for heads of departments is also difficult to get. There are textile schools and probably a hundred men are graduated yearly. But the men are not all fitted for the jobs which are vacant. Therefore, one finds a man acting as an engineer who, because of his lack of technical experience, is unable to exercise sufficient control over the men in his charge. A curiosity of the industry is the high wages which many men of this sort command. They are really being paid better for inferior work than skilled men in England. The capital of the factories in 1918 was 46-1/2 million yen with 32-3/4 million paid up. Before the War the companies made 8 per cent, as against the 2-1/2 per cent, which contents the English manufacturer, who has often side lines to help his profits. There was more than 100 million yen invested in the woollen textile business, manufacturing and retail. The industry did well during the War by supplies of cloth to Russia and of yarn and muslin to countries which ordinarily are able to supply themselves. In 1918 the production (woollen fabrics and mixtures) was valued at 85 million yen (muslin, 32; cloth, 21; serges, 19; blankets, 3; flannel, 1; others, 8). The imports of wool were 60 million and of yarn 251,000. In 1919 the figures were 61 million and 710,000 respectively. In 1920 the exports were: woollen or worsted yarns, 1,437,926 yen; woollen cloth and serges, 3,019,382 yen; blankets, 1,024,540 yen; other woollens, 548,922 yen. The Nippon Wool Weaving Company, which in 1921 distributed a 20 per cent, ordinary and 20 per cent. extraordinary dividend, has 15 foreign experts.

POPULATION OF HOKKAIDO . In 1869, 58,467; has risen as follows:

Year Population

1874 174,368 1884 276,414 1894 616,650 1904 1,233,669 1914 1,869,582 1919 2,137,700 1920 2,359,097

EXTENSION OF CROP-BEARING AREA OF JAPAN [LXXII]. There is normally added to the crop-bearing area about 53,000 chō (132,000 acres) a year. From the new crop-bearing area every year is deducted the loss of arable land from floods, the extension of cities and towns and railways and the building of factories and institutions. This is reckoned at nearly 8,000 chō in the year. One computation is that there are 2 million chō (5 million acres) available for addition to the crop-bearing area, of which 1 million chō would be convertible into paddies. A decision was taken by the Government in 1919 to bring 250,000 chō under cultivation within nine years from that date, and by 1920 some 20,000 chō had been reclaimed. Persons who reclaim more than 5 chō receive 6 per cent, of their expenditure.

The increase in the area of cultivation has been as follows (in chō):

|Year |Paddy |Upland Farm |Total | -------------------------------------------------- |1905 |2,841,471 |2,540,906 |5,382,378 | |1906 |2,849,288 |2,551,170 |5,400,459 | |1907 |2,858,628 |2,639,680 |5,498,309 | |1908 |2,882,426 |2,684,531 |5,566,958 | |1909 |2,902,899 |2,777,453 |5,680,352 | |1910 |2,910,970 |2,804,434 |5,715,405 | |1911 |2,923,520 |2,836,002 |5,759,522 | |1912 |2,939,445 |2,880,301 |5,819,756 | |1913 |2,953,947 |2,902,445 |5,856,392 | |1914 |2,961,639 |2,916,569 |5,878,208 | |1915 |2,974,042 |2,948,075 |5,922,118 | |1916 |2,987,579 |2,971,800 |5,959,379 | |1917 |3,005,679 |3,012,685 |6,018,364 | |1918 |3,011,000 |3,070,000 |6,081,000 | |1919 |3,021,879 |3,050,008 |6,071,887 |

Whereas the percentage of cultivated land to uncultivated was in 1909 14.6 per cent., it was in 1918 15.6 per cent.

USE TO WHICH THE LAND IS PUT [LXXIII]. Here are the details of the division of the land in 1909 and 1918:

Division of the Land | Years | Area in chō | Percentage of | | in 000 's | Total Area ------------------------|--------|----------------|-------------- Total area | 1909 | 38,847 | 100.0 | 1918 | 38,864 | 100.0 | | | Paddy fields | 1909 | 2,903 | 7.5 | 1918 | 3,011 | 7.7 | | | Upland fields | 1909 | 2,777 | 7.1 | | 3,070 | 7.9 | | | Total arable as above | 1909 | 5,680 | 14.6 | 1918 | 6,081 | 15.6 | | | Meadows and pastures | 1909 | 39 | 0.1 | 1918 | 43 | 0.1 | | | Grass lands and heather | 1909 | 1,941 | 5.0 (excluding pastures) | 1918 | 3,509 | 9.0 | | | Forests | 1909 | 22,072 | 56.8 | 1918 | 18,783 | 48.3 | | | Dwellings, factories, | 1909 | 9,115 | 23.5 roads, railways, | 1918 | 10,448 | 27.0 institutions, etc. | | | ------------------------|--------|----------------|--------------

Crop | Chō | Yield ----------------------------------------------------------- Rice (1919) | 3,104,611 | 60,818,163 koku; | | value, 2,891,397,063 yen | | Mulberry (1918) | 508,993 | 6,832,000 koku; | | raw silk, 7,891,000 kwan; | | value, 546,543,000 yen | | Tea (1919) | 48,843 | 10,397,719 kwan | | value, 33,377,460 yen | | Barley (1919) | 534,279 | 9,664,000 koku | | Naked Barley (1919) | 646,362 | 7,995,000 koku | | Wheat (1919) | 548,508 | 5,611,000 koku | | Soy Bean (1918) | 432,207 | 3,451,320 koku | | Other Beans (1918) | -- | 1,237,000 koku | | Peas (1918) | -- | 536,000 koku | | Millets (1918) | -- | 2,903,000 koku | | Buckwheat (1918) | 136,313 | 852,000 koku | | Sweet Potato (1918) | 314,012 | 918,328,000 kwan | | Irish Potato (1918) | 132,090 | 323,930,000 kwan | | Rape Seed (1918) | 116,300 | 856,880 kwan | | Sugar Cane (1918) | 29,367 | 316,745,596 kwan | | Indigo (1918) | 5,570 | 2,717,757 kwan | | Hemp (1918) | 11,821 | 2,564,114 kwan | | Cotton (1918) | 2,930 | 681,021 kwan -----------------------------------------------------------

Radish (1917), 576,746,000 kwan; taro (1917), 159,168,000 kwan; burdock (1917), 43,424,000 kwan; turnip (1917), 41,527,000 kwan; onion (1917), 37,601,000 kwan; carrot (1917), 26,976,000 kwan; cabbage (1917); 19,951,000 kwan; wax-tree seed (1918), 13,761,000 kwan; rush for matting, (1918), 10,442,000 kwan; flax (1918), 17,300,000 kwan; ginger (1918), 8,189,000 kwan; paper mulberry (1918), 6,964,000 kwan; peppermint (1918), 3,380,000 kwan; lily (1917), 682,000 kwan; chillies (1918), 441,000 kwan.

EMIGRANTS AND RESIDENTS ABROAD (LXXIV). The latest official figures as to Japanese resident abroad, supplied in 1921 and probably gathered in 1920, are:

Asia China 200,740 Kwantung 79,307 Tsingtao 23,555 Philippines 11,156 Strait Settlements 10,828 Russian Asia 7,028 Dutch India 4,436 Hongkong 3,083 India 1,278 Burma 680 Indo-China 371

Europe England 1,638 Germany 409 Holland 375 France 342 Switzerland 87 Italy 34 Belgium 12 Sweden 10

North America U.S.A. 115,186 Hawaii 112,221 Canada 17,716 Mexico 2,198 Panama 225

South America Brazil 34,258 Peru 10,102 Argentine 1,958 Chile 484 Bolivia 145

Africa South Africa 38 Egypt 35

Oceania Australia 5,274 South Seas 3,399

Total 648,915

(The comparable return for 1918 was 493,845.) It has been suggested that these official statistics are incomplete; 7,000 as the number of Japanese in Russian territory seems low. Even during the War, in 1917, passports were issued to 62,000 Japanese going abroad. Of these, according to the Japan Year-book, 23,000 were made out for Siberia. Professor Shiga has stated that "no small number" of Japanese leave their country as stowaways.

RISE IN PRODUCTION PER "TAN" OF PADDY . The 3 or 4 koku is reached in favourable circumstances only. The average is far below this, but it rises, as shown in Appendix XV.

Between 1887 and 1915 the area under barley and wheat rose from 1,591,000 chō to 1,812,000 chō, the yield from 15,822,000 koku to 23,781,000 koku and the yield per tan from .994 koku to 1.313. Between 1882 and 1914 the increase in the crops of the three varieties of millet averaged .515 koku per tan. The increased yield of soy beans was .229 koku per tan, of sweet potatoes 138 kwamme per tan and of Irish potatoes 138 kwamme.

LABOURERS [LXXVI]. When hired labour is required on farms it is supplied either by relatives and neighbours or by the surplus labour of strangers who are small farmers or members of a small farmer's family. According to the Department of Agriculture: "Ordinary fixed employees are upon an equal social footing. Apprentice labourers are very numerous. No working class holds a special social position as such. This is the greatest point of difference between the Japanese agricultural labour situation and that of Europe." The number of labourers in October 1920 was:

| Day | Seasonal| All the | | |year round| Total ---------------------------|-----------|---------|----------|--------- Labourers living { male | 119,676 | 52,007 | 49,110 | 220,793 solely on wages, { female | 80,870 | 42,193 | 23,862 | 146,925 agricultural and { | | | | other { | 200,546 | 94,200 | 72,972 | 367,718 | | | | | | | | Labourers who are { male | 949,266 | 407,596 | 188,369 | 1,546,231 labourers part { female | 646,720 | 405,131 | 116,152 | 1,168,003 of their time | | | | | 1,595,986 | 813,727 | 304,521 | 2,714,234 | | | | Total . . . . . | 1,796,532 | 907,927 | 377,493 | 3,081,952 -----------------------------------------------------------------------

In addition to the total of 3,081,952 "there are 32,973 agricultural labourers who are boys and girls under 14."

DECREASE OF FARMERS TILLING THEIR OWN LAND [LXXVII]. In 1914 the number of farmers owning their own land was 1,731,247; in 1919 it had fallen to 1,700,747. In 1914 the number of tenants was 1,520,476; in 1919 it had increased to 1,545,639. That is, there were 30,500 fewer landowners and 25,163 more tenants. During the period between 1914 and 1919 the number of farmers (landowners and tenants) increased 30,293. While from 1909 to 1914 the percentage of landowners fell from 33.27 to 31.73, the percentage of tenant farmers rose from 27.69 to 27.87 and the percentage of persons partly owner and partly tenant from 39.04 to 40.40. See Appendix XXXIV.

RURAL AND URBAN POPULATIONS [LXXVIII]. The following table shows the percentage of the population living in communes under 5,000 and 10,000 inhabitants in 1913 and 1918:

Year | Percentage of Population living in | Percentage of Families | Communities | engaged in Agricultural |------------------------------------| to Total Families in | under 5,000 | under 10,000 | Japan Proper ------|---------------|--------------------|------------------------ 1913 | 50.44 | 72.39 | 57.6 1918 | 46.23 | 67.71 | 52.3 ------|---------------|--------------------|------------------------ | -4.21 | -4.68 | -5.3 --------------------------------------------------------------------

These figures clearly indicate the decrease of the rural population. To take 10,000 inhabitants as the demarcation line between urban and rural population is probably less correct than to take a demarcation line of 7,500 inhabitants. A mean of the two percentages of populations living in communities under 5,000 and under 10,000 inhabitants shows 61.41 per cent, in 1913 and 56.97 per cent, in 1918, a decrease of 4.44 per cent. The variation between this result and the preceding one has a simple explanation. About 30 per cent, of the families engaged in agriculture carry on their farming as an accessory business. Teachers, priests and mechanics may all have patches of land. On the other hand, a small number of people have no land. Therefore, the percentage of the rural population is only slightly higher than that of the families engaged in agriculture. In 1918 there were 5,476,784 farming families (to 10,460,440 total families or 52.3 per cent.), and if we multiply by 5-1/3--the average number of persons per family in Japan is 5.317 (1918)--to find the population dependent on agriculture, the number is 29,209,514. The total population of Japan in 1918 was 55,667,711. The Department of Agriculture has stated that on the basis of the census of 1918 the number of persons in households engaged in agriculture was 52 per cent. of the population. According to one set of statistics the percentage of farming families to non-farming families fell from 64 per cent, in 1904 to 60.3 per cent. in 1910 and 56 in 1914. We shall probably not be far wrong in supposing the rural population to be at present about 55 per cent, of the population. The percentage of persons actually working on the farms is another matter. As has been seen, some 30 per cent, of the 5-1/2 million farming families are engaged in agriculture as a secondary business only. It may be, therefore, that the 5-1/2 million families do not actually yield more than 10 million effective farm hands.

IS RICE THE RIGHT CROP FOR JAPAN [LXXIX]. Mr. Katsuro Hara, of the College of Literature, Kyoto University, asks, "Is Japan specially adapted for the production of rice?" and answers: "Southern Japan is of course not unfit. But rice does not conform to the climate of northern Japan. This explains the reason why there have been repeated famines. By the choice of this uncertain kind of crop as the principal foodstuff the Japanese have been obliged to acquiesce in a comparatively enhanced cost of living. The tardiness of civilisation may be perhaps partly attributed to this fact. Why did our forefathers prefer rice to other cereals? Was a choice made in Japan? If the choice was made in this country the unwisdom of the choice and of the choosers is now very patent."

Along with this expression of opinion may be set the following figures, showing the total production of rice and of other grain crops during the past six years, in thousands of koku:

---------|----------|---------------|--------|-------------|-------- Year | Barley | Naked Barley | Wheat | Barley and | Rice | | | | Wheat | ---------|----------|---------------|--------|-------------|-------- 1915 | 10,253 | 8,296 | 5,231 | 23,781 | 55,924 1916 | 9,559 | 7,921 | 5,869 | 23,350 | 58,442 1917 | 9,169 | 8,197 | 6,786 | 24,155 | 54,658 1918 | 8,368 | 7,777 | 6,431 | 22,576 | 54,699 1919 | 9,664 | 7,995 | 5,611 | 23,271 | 60,818 ---------|----------|---------------|--------|-------------|--------

From 1910 to 1919 the areas under barleys and wheat were, in chō, 1,771,655-1,729,148, and under rice 2,949,440-3,104,611.

INNER COLONISATION v. FOREIGN EXPANSION . An Introduction to the History of Japan (1921), written by an Imperial University professor and published by the Yamato Society, the members of which include some of the most distinguished men in Japan, says: "It is doubtful whether the backwardness of the north can be solely attributed to its climatic inferiority. Even in the depth of winter the cold in the northern provinces cannot be said to be more unbearable than that of the Scandinavian countries or of north-eastern Germany. The principal cause of the retardation of progress in northern Japan lies rather in the fact that it is comparatively recently exploited.... The northern provinces might have become far more populous, civilised and prosperous than we see them now. Unfortunately for the north, just at the most critical time in its development the attention of the nation was compelled to turn from inner colonisation to foreign relations. The subsequent acquisition of dominions oversea made the nation still more indifferent."

According to a report of the Hokkaido Government in 1921, the number of immigrants during the latest three year period was 90,000, and one and a half million acres are available for cultivation and improvement.

AGRICULTURE v. COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY [LXXXI]. There is supposed to be more money invested in land than in commerce or industry. Comprehensive figures of a trustworthy kind establishing the relative importance of agriculture, commerce and industry are not readily obtained. "This is a question," writes a Japanese professor of agriculture to me, "which we should like to study very much." Industrial and commercial figures at the end of and immediately after the War are not of much use because of the inflation of that period. The annual value of agricultural production before the War was about 1,800 million yen; it must be by now about 2,500 or 3,000. In 1912, according to the Department of Finance, the debt of the agricultural population was 740 million yen. In 1916 the Japan Mortgage Bank and the prefectural agricultural and industrial banks had together advanced to agricultural organisations 110 millions and to other borrowers 273 millions. In 1915 co-operative credit associations had advanced 45 millions to farmers and 11 millions to other borrowers. The paid-up capital of companies, was, in 1913, 1,983 million, of which 27 million was agricultural, and in 1916, 2,434 million, of which 31 million was agricultural. The reserves were, in 1913, 542 million, of which 1 million was agricultural, and in 1916, 841 million, of which 3 were agricultural. (For some reason or other, "fishing" is included under "agricultural." On careful dissection I find that of the 45 million of investments credited to agriculture in 1918, only 28 million are purely agricultural.) The land tax is estimated to yield 73 million yen in 1920-1. It is 2-1/2 per cent. on residential land, 4.5 per cent. on paddy and cultivated land--3.2 per cent, in Hokkaido--and 5.5 per cent. on other land--4 per cent. in Hokkaido.

INDEX

This Index may be regarded as a Glossary inasmuch as every Japanese word which occurs in the book will be found in it. The meaning is usually given on the page the number of which comes first.

132 (2) signifies that there are two references on page 132 to the subject indexed.

Such subjects as Agriculture, Hokkaido, Labour, Paddies, Rice and Sericulture are indexed at length, but some matters which relate to them and are of general interest appear in the body of the Index.

Abbot and Ronin 333

Abiko 105

Ability 66

Abortion 65, 303; Abortifacient 332

Abroad, first, 235

Accommodation with the West 363

Acreage, see Agriculture

Acting 115 (2), 320

Adjustment 85, 186, 194, 197, 210, 232, 365, 370, 380; Cost 72; Cottages 72; Graves 72; Method and Results 71-2; Statistics 72

Admonition, see Police, 54

Adoption 21, 328

Adulteration 356

Æ 99, 321

Aerated waters 119

Aeroplanes 31

Aestheticism 203

Affection, Question by a Japanese, 144

Affinity 272

Afforestation, see Deforestation, Floods, Tree planting; 23, 92-3, 97, 152, 177, 194, 197, 228, 233, 240, 260, 318, 370

Africa 410

Agriculture, see Adjustment, Animals under different names, Area, Cattle, Crops under different names, Cultivation, Farmers, Grain, Hokkaido, Implements under different names, Land new, Land available, Land utilised, Manure, Milk, Paddies, Peasant Proprietors, Tenants, Tools, Rice and other crops, Sericulture, Upland; Advantages 365, 367; Accessory business 412; American, proposed study of, vii; Arable 409, (British) 385; Areas 394, 400, quarter acre 89, one and a quarter acre to five acres 89, two 210, two and a half 9, 284, three 10, five 284, seven and a half 89, 373, ten 10, twelve and a half 207, fifteen 10, twenty-five 213, one tan 232, five 184, six 302, eight 304, 383, twelve 270, fifteen and a half 373, one chō 220, 304, 377 (3), 379, 380, 385, one and a half 379, two 380, two and a half, see Hokkaido, three 373, 380, four 10, four to four and a half 338, four to five 207, five 310, 337-8, seven 10, 338, 373, eight 310, 373, ten 28, ten to fifteen 28, 338, thirty 338, sixty-two 374; Associations against landlords 88; v. Armaments 93, 359; an Author on viii; Based on rice 343; Basis of nation ix, 92; Calendar of operations 136; Compared with British 390; Capitalisation 368-9; College 195; Criticism of 362, 365, (backbreaking) 75; v. Commerce and industry 180, 414; Commercial side 65; Company 207; Consolidation of holdings 364; Crop statistics errors 404; "Encourager" 176; Experiment station 158, 176-7, 207, 370; Experts 207, 283, (respect for) 54; Foundation and means to an end ix, 27; Foreign 365, 367; v. "Foreign relations" 414; and Family system 330; Faults of 65; like Gardening 307; God of 145; Goddess of 312; Helpful 180; Holdings, Consolidation of 368; How to teach 27; Grazing 240, (British) 385; Hydraulic engineering 149; Industry and Commerce 284; Implements 268; Improvement, Principles of 370; Land, how used, 408; Machinery 365, 367-8-9; in praise of 10; Methods 208; Limitations imposed on 365 (2), 367; Merits 365; National Agricultural Society 378; Night work 359; Number of families engaged in 412; Relations to national welfare 369, 370-1; Pasture 111, 409, (British) 385; Petite Culture 346; Production not final aim 367; Profitable 232, 373; Progress 261; Remedies 368-9, 370; Revolutionising 367; and Religion 231; Schools, see Schools, 176, 375; Shortcomings 365; Strikes 88; Students not leaving land 285; Subsistence provided by 365; Small farms decreasing 394; Tenants' Movement, see Landlords; Without rice 381 (2)

Aichi 1-67, 84, 345

"Aiming at being Distinguished" 124

Ainu x, 25

Akagi 315

Akita 189, 190, 193

Alimentary tract, 348, 351

Allah 98

"All family smiling" 137

Alpinist 290

Alps, 127, 152, 262

Amado 277

"A man's a man," etc. 95

Amé 191

America, see Hokkaido, 137, 141, 288, 290, 363 (2); Rice culture 365-6

Amida xxx, 129

Amma 108, 133

Ammonia water 177, 251

Amphibious labour 358

Amusements, see Farmers, 180, 287, 374, 378

Ancestors 19, 26, 33, 38 (3), 58, 61, 67, 94, 178

Anchors 211

Angelo, Michael, 103

Angling 245

Anglo-Japanese Alliance xv; Anglo-Saxons 203

Animals Bird artists 344; Buddhism and 59; Food, see Meat, 349; Industry 346, 348; Knack of looking after 343; Liking for 221, 343; Power 365, 370; Tillage 406

Anjo 57

Anniversaries 50

Antelopes 110

Anti-Landlord movement 37, 88

Ants 47

Aomori 189, 194, 195, 334, 354, 391

Aoyama 66

"A plain householder" 150

Apostle and artist 90

Appetiser 268

Apples, see Hokkaido, 194, 289, 402

Appointments 125; Tax 21

Apprentices 411

Apricots 289

Aqueduct 64

Archery 39, 40, 159

Architecture 198

Ardour 124

Area 65, 390; and Habitable compared with other countries 385, 392; per Family 42, 89 (2)

Armaments 93, 97, 394; U.S. expenditure 394

Armour 36, 40

Arm rest 246, 319

Army 202, 346, 350, 360 (2), 403; Discipline 361; and Farmer ix; Officers and Agriculture 362; Railway service 297

Arnold, Matthew, 24, 272

Arrests postponed 280

Arson 56, 280, 282

Art 99, 214, 369; Degenerated 99; and Farmer ix; Hills in 120; Korean 103; Influence of Western 103-4; Artists 99, 100; Sketches at festivals 193; Artistry 317; Artistic treasures 369; Artistic world 102-3-4-5, 328

Artificials, see Manure

Artisans 317; with land and houses 268; see Farmers

"Asahi" 90, 109

Asama, Mt., 143

Asceticism 101

Asia, see West and East, 202; Residents in 410; Asiatic Mainland 351, 363; Asiatic Society of Japan 364 "Aspiring" young men 135

Assaults 282

Assentation 14

Associations against Landlords 88; for Economical agricultural Students 176; Spirit of 16

"At twenty I found" 150

Athletics, see under different names, 159

Attempts to deceive the West 174

Attitude for foreign student 254; of world, 371; to something higher; see Materialism, Spirituality

Attorney-General, 345

Audience, 24

Australia, 127, 352-3, 363 (2), 388; Might have possessed, 363

Author Attitude towards Japan, xii; before domestic shrine, 33; Carried, 308; Chats in trains, 176; "Fortune", 138; First Englishman in place, 126; Governor and, 84; on Hearn, 254; Some Conclusions, see Hokkaido, 369; and Police, 53; Reception at Shinto Shrine, 45; Shinto address to, 46; Speeches, 6, 26, 31, 254; Tree planting, 45; Welcome, 22; at Wrestling match, 297

Authority Disobedience to, 285; Power going, 330

Autobiography of a Farmer-Egotist, 61

Autographs, 38, 324

Automobile, see Chauffeur, 205

Autumn, 214

"Average workers", 62, 377

Awakening, 324

Axholme, Isle of, 71

Aza xxv, 15, 16, 262, 315

Azaleas, 316

Babies, 285

Backbreaking, 75, 208

Back to the Land, 88

Backwardness of North, see Japan, Northern

Bacon, 347

Bacon, Lord, xii, 309

Bactericides, 60

"Bad tea has its tolerable," etc., 123

Bag and string, 312

Balls, Black and red, 19

Bamboo, 48, 318, 244, 248; Grass, 70, 108, 352, 368; and Mice, 108; Rate of growth, 242; Shoots, 136; Work, 248

Bancha, 294, 403

Bankruptcy, 138

Banks, 205, 303, 402, 414

Banqueting, 357

Banzai, 43

Barbers, 224, 267

Barefoot, 64

Bark strips, 190

Barley, 146, 175, 196, 307, 313 (3), 349, 351, 386, 389, 391, 409, 410; Big crop, 313; Husking, 389; Naked, 409; with and without Rice, 47, 80, 85, 383, 387; Production compared with Wheat, 413

Barons x, 204

Barriers ix, 104

Barter, 122

Barton, Sir E., 9

Basha, see Hokkaido, 244; story, 217

Baskets, 177, 215

Baths x, 17, 50, 82, 109, 112, 116-7, 190, 203, 215, 256, 277, 314, 354; "A moral bath", 94; Bathing, 125, 152, 186

Battleship, 235

Bayonets, Imitation, 282

Bazin René, 141

Beans, see Soya, 147, 199, 307, 383, 409; Cake, 386

Beardsley, Aubrey, 98, 103

Bears, see Hokkaido, 110

Beauty, see Hokkaido, 104, 127, 298

"Be diligent", 158; "Be serious", 112

Beef, see Kobe beef, 259, 349, 350; Essence, 158

Beer, see Hokkaido, 119, 396

Bees, 196, 348

Beggars, 265, 324

Begonia, 213

Behaviour, Training in good, 259

Belgium, 386

Beliefs, see Customs, 310, 331;

Believers, 63; Believer and ne'er do well, 5

Belly cloths, 269

Benjo, 151, 192, 374

Ben Nevis, 394

Bento 110, 268, 279

Bergson, 99

Beri beri, 79

Berry, Sir G., 9

Better living, 370; Better world, 90

Bi, 126

Bible, 95

Bicycles, 18, 150, 220

Binyon, L., 292

Birches, 316

Birds, 25, 117, 344

Births, see Still; Celebration of, 302; Forbidden, 236; Rate, 392; Tax, 21

Biscuits, 270

Biwa, 289

Black and white company, 187

Black Country, 132

"Black saké", 79

Blacksmith, 264

Blake, William, 98, 103, 105-6

Blind, see Amma, 192, 300; Advantage of Blindness, 232; Blind guides, 369; Headman, 229

Blood and thunder stories 121

Boar day 126

Boasting 17

Boat, sacred, 257

Body 226

Boehme 99

Bog 390

"Bold is the donkey driver" 98

Bolting ideas 331

Bon 180, 190, 265, 267, 271-2, 302, 361; Songs and dances 189, 190, 197 (2), 274

Bonins 391

Bonito 297

Books 159, 190, 319, 401; Cheap 212; Faults of many about Japan 254; Foreign 141, 196, 248; In demand 60; In a Village Library 60; Shops 244

Booths 115

Boots 236, 284, 346

Borneo 127

Borrow vi, 119, 283

Borrowing, see Credit, Ko, Tanomoshi; 125, 183

Boswell, 140, 175

Bottles, tied with rope, 119

Bowing 44 (2), 46, 83, 121, 286, 313

Bowels 348, 351

Bowls, Turning, 111; at shrine 303

Box for letters for Police 111

Boy Growth of 113; Labour 411; Tradesmen's 315; Reformation of 178; Running away 322; Stolen 286; "Boy San" 103

Brazil 401

Bread 80 (2), 346 (2), 350-1 (2), 383

Bream 297

Breath 117

Brewing, see Hokkaido, 119

Bribery 208, 400; 123, 303

Bride 21; Chest 129, 379

Bridges 128, 132, 240; Mysteriously repaired, 287; Suspension 209

Briefness 292

Bright, John, 203

Britons, see Hokkaido, 403

Broadmindedness 326

Brontë, E., 99

Brothels 56, 222, 243

Brother, Eldest, 19, 329

Brotherly union 94-5

Buckwheat, see Hokkaido; 111, 122, 243, 264, 381, 409; "As white as snow" 111

Buddha 1, 3, 4, 5, 19, 26 (2), 51, 58 117, 125, 142, 205-6; Inferior 139; Heads 310. --Buddhism 19, 30, 42, 57 (2), 63 (3), 96, 101, 197, 205, 210, 212, 322, 324; and Animal life 59, 345, 347; behind the age 6; without Buddha 322, 327; and Christianity 59, 100-1, 324, 362; Definition of 93; Difficulty of getting a general view of 327, 321; England and 100; of old time 258; Too aristocratic 1 Buddhist 91, 96, 129; Gatherings 231; Influence 259; Literature 327, 331; Real 63; Sects, under names; Services 3, 205 (2), 270; Strict 30; Y.M.A. 124; Y.W.A. 124. --Buddhist Priests, see Bon; 1-7, 96, 113, 118, 134, 142, 194, 231, 240, 258, 264, 269, 270 (2)-1-2, 302, 314; Priest's man 270-1; Succession to 135; Wives 6, 270; Shrines 220, Value of 273; Temples, 113, 123, 134, 142, 176, 180, 211, 244, 249, 258-9, 269, 310, 327; Architecture 134, "Church" 134, New, 313, Sleeping in x; Two months in 262, Underground passage 142

Buffoon 276

Bugles 15-17

Bulls 18, 249, 250; Fighting 228

Burden of the Old 100

Burdock 48, 146, 410

Bureau of Horse Politics 195; of Hygiene 350

Burials, see Graves, 121, 267, 306; at Sea 225

Burnham, Lord, 9

Burns, Robert, 107, 288

Bushido 25, 140

Businesses, linked, 315; "Business, My," 326

Butter 142, 270, 346

Butterflies 127, 287

Cabbage 53, 213, 440

Caffeine 292, 403

Cairo 390

Calendar 136

California 290, 363, 365-6

Camphor trees 219

Canada 388

Cancer 268

Candles 340

Canning, see Hokkaido, 368; Canned meat and fish 268

Cape 267, 270

Capes 47

Cape Wrath 358

Capitalism 368-9

Caps 114, 301

Caramels 272

Carbon bisulphide 60

"Carelessness" 54

Carlyle, T., 90-1, 94, 99

Carp, 39, 158, 210, 299

Carpenter 99, 267, 317

Carrier's conversation 109

Carrot 410

Carts 209; Push 194

Carving 269

"Case for the Goat, The," 347

Cast 94

Cats 47, 131, 221, 345

Cattle, see Cow, Oxen, Bulls, Hokkaido; 23, 194-5, 230, 240, 243, 316, 347, 381, 406; Keeping 194, 259, 402; Thieves 195

Cedar wood 211

Cells 116, 143

Censorship 401

Census 393-4

Cereals 367, 404

Certificate of merit 213

Cezanne 98, 103

Chadai 148

Chaff 386

Chainmakers 170

Chairman 24

Champagne 140

Changes, seeming, 331

Cha-no-yu 31, 214, 319

Character 88, 151, 201, 203-4-5-6-7 258, 259, 269, 288, 290, 311, 317, 323, 331-2; Nature and 99; Weakness of 101; Wish to give before have anything 102; Chinese 39

Charcoal 111, 122-3, 196

Charitable Institutions 59, 376

Charms 41, 47, 121, 125, 223, 245

Charring 227

Chastity 114, 139, 149

Chauffeur 240, 246

Chavannes, Puvis de, 98, 103

Cheek-binding 286

Cheerfulness 304, 317

Cheese 345

Chemist, Distinguished, 10

Chenille 142

Cherries 295, 319; Poems 288; Refineries 226

Chestnuts 121

Chiba 268, 297, 309, 321

Chicken 110, 349

Chief Constable, Influence of, 118

Chihō 400

Children 110, 112, 117, 203, 216, 323, 377; Childbirth 268; Ages of 113; Assaults on 229; British exploitation of 170; Charm to obtain 314; Contracts 286; Crimes against 114; Marriage 197; Politeness 121; Services for 130; and Temple 58; What will he become? 60; Workers, see Labour, 314

Chillies 41

Chimneys 147, 151

China 110, 127, 143, 214, 256, 306, 344, 347, 388, 390, 396-7, 404; War 85, 311; Chinaman in Formosa story 96; Tea 296; Relations with 91; Chinese competition 399; Labour 363; Prisoners 307; Scriptures not understood 331; Sheep and wool 353-4-5-6

Cho xxiv; Chō xxv

Chokai, Mount, 182

Chopsticks 81

Chōsen, see Korea

Christ 55, 95, 96, 127; Christianity, see Hokkaido, 96, 99, 101, 198, 205, 324; Christian, 99, 203, 362 (3); a Japanese question 144; and Buddhism 101, 108, 324, 327, 362; Conceptions 96, Early 91; Essence of 94 (2); Ethics of 362; Influence of 94; Japanese 83, 135, 261; and Personality 362; and Social reform 362; Temperament 327; Christmas 318; Churches 96, 362

Chrysanthemum 318

Cicada 344

Cider champagne 119

Cigarettes 82, 288, 400

Cimabue 106

Cities xxv; workers 87

Civilisation 96, 141, 216, 229

Clan 188

Classes 94, 251

Cleanliness 326, 354

Clerks 205

Climate, see Hokkaido, Weather; 88, 140, 195-6, 197, 198, 299, 309, 327, 358, 363, 365, 372, 390, 413

Cloak 47, 76

Clock 252

Clothing, see Farmers, 19, 30, 74, 125, 193, 307, 312, 317, 321, 323, 330, 346, 355-6-7, 374, 378, 380, 382; Advantages and Disadvantages of 356; Cotton and Silk v. Wool 356; Foreign 283, 346, 352

Clover 263

Clubhouse 305

Coal, see Hokkaido, 226, 396

Coasting steamers 209; coastwise traffic 256

Coat 47

Cobbett, William, ix

Cockfighting 228

Coffin 121, 248

Cold 261; Catching 312

Collectors, Boy, 230

Colleges 158

Colony 207

Colouring 295

Comeliness 204

Comfort 201, 203; Bags 58

Comic interlude 84

Commerce, 414; Uselessness of some, 369; Commercial crash 87

Common good, Work for, 19; Common humanity 34; "Common people at the gateway" 252; Common purpose in mankind 56

Commune 268; Communal labour 263; Communistic 212

Communities under 5,000 and 10,000 population 412

Companies 414

Complaint boxes 18

Concentration 206, 317

Concrete 22, 214, 325

Concubines 95, 322

Conduct 200, 361

Coney Island 325

Confucianism 91, 96, 101, 205 (3), 214, 322

Confusion 101

Conscience 201

Conscription, see Soldiers, 19, 65, 123, 284, 311 (2), 327, 331, 364; Statistics 404

Conservative view 331

Consolation 201, 321

Constitutional Party 395

"Contagion of foreigners" 117

Contentment 7, 259, 264, 302, 323

Contracts 194, 286

Controversy 48

Conversation, Subjects of, 129, 282

Conviction 37, 331

Cooking 350 (2)

Coolies 345

Co-operation, see Cocoons, Hokkaido, Kō, Tanomoshi, 7, 28-9 (2), 37 (2), 43, 47, 50, 58, 64, 85, 118, 124, 133, 136, 150, 185, 187, 194, 230, 305 (2), 364, 414; Capital for 48; More 370

Copper 92, 124, 226, 396

Coronation 21; Rice Ceremony 82; Millet 213

Corruption 208, 400

Cosmos 202, 206

Cottages, see Houses

Cotton, 132, 137, 223, 258, 404; Clothing 346; Chinese competition 399; Factories 174; Industry 354; Loom 220; Factory Manager's Manchester Guardian article 399; Silk v. Wool 366

Couch grass 265

Counsel 187

Countess 213

Country folk xiv, Countryman ix, xiv, 107, 141, 192, 233, 283, 302, 324, 331; Countryside 148, contrasted with Western 298, 313; County families and Country-house life 34

County Agricultural Association 150 (2)

Courage, Moral, 327

Courbet 103

Court lady 108

Courtesy, see Politeness, 36

Cows, see Paddies; First milking 235; Oxen, 209, 235, 381 (2)

Crab, Land, 249

Cradle 279

Craftsmanship 314, 317, 369

Crashaw 99

Crater 108-9

Credit, see Cheap money; Cooperation 181, 370, 414

Crematoria 48, 177

Crest, see Mon

Crime, see Police, 54, 279, 303; Charges not proceeded with 113; Table of crimes 376; Ex-criminals 143

Crimea 390

Crisis, Industrial and Commercial, 87

Crops 313, 380-1; see Agriculture, Paddies, Upland; Area devoted to each 408-9; Better 19, 370; Competitions to increase 58; Drying 208; Increase compared with area 364

Crow 320

Crowds 250, 259

Crown Prince 282

Cruelty to Animals 344-5

Cryptomeria 6, 40, 45, 61-2, 117, 121, 131-2, 190, 316, 394

Cuckoo 315

Cucumbers 146, 322

Cultivation, see Agriculture, Backbreaking, Cows, Harrowing, Hoes, Horses, Mattock, Paddy, Pony, Ploughing, Rice, Seed, Spade; Area compared with Great Britain 89; Area under 223; Doubling population 97; Increase of area 364, 414; Two or three crops 364; Japan and Great Britain 305; in relation to Stock 406; Methods to be reported 188; in proportion to Wild 408; Prizes 58; Too intensive 233; yearly increase of 408

Culture, see Education, 204

Curio Collectors 2

Curiosity 279

Currency xxiv

Currents, Warm and Cold, 118, 175, 195

Customs 66, 182, 310, 322-3; Houses unprofitable 256, World realisation of cost and inconvenience 256

Cutting out the foreigner 369

Cuttle fish, see Squid, Octopus; 46, 318

Cyanide 177

Cymbals 272

"Daffin" 313

Dagger 40

Daikon 23, 130, 309, 314, 345, 409

Daikon (island) 256

Daily Mail 345

Daimyo 33, 39, 144, 176, 198, 205, 210, 246, 395; ex-Daimyo 329; Castle 209

Dai Nippon Nōkai 320

Dakushu 396

Dam 224-5

Damp 185, 289, 368, 372

Dancing, see Bon Dances; 130, 237, 305; Western 101

Dandelions 307

Danish Hojskōle 50

Dates 290

Daumier 103

Days, of the Dead, 271; of the week 126; Suitable 126; Worked 377-8;

Dead 201, 219; Belief in return of 272; Days of the 271; Return 190; Tablets of, see Ihai; Memorials of, see Hair, Teeth, Portraits

Dealers 195

Death Forbidden 236; Presents at 22; Rate 393; Minors 393

Debates 18

Debt, see Farmers; 66, 126, 195 (2), 265, 287, 302, 322-3, 364, 380, 414; for Food 284

"Decency" 125, 193

Deception of the West 174

Deer 215, 278

Defiled 45; Defilement 256

Deforestation, see Afforestation; 92, 152, 176, 180, 318

Deftness 169

Deified men 204

Deities and the Sea 257

Delacroix 102

De la liberté du travail 8

Delay, Advantage of, xiii

Democracy 38, 51, 99; and religion 2

Demon 215

Demonstrations 88

Demoralised men 26

Dengaku 48

Denmark ix, 46, 368; see Danish

Denudation of hills, see Deforestation, 92

"Depths of the people" 93

Derricks 248

"Despised foreign peasant" 96

Destiny 202

Deuteronomy 375

Development, Economic, 206; Moral 206; National 327; Social 206

"Devil-gon" 56

Diagrams 60

Diaries 18, 23, 231

Diastase 268

Dibbs, Sir G., 9

Diet, see Food

Dietetic reform 350

Difficulties 124-5; "Difficulties polish you" 176

Digestive 268

Dikes, Women's work on, 43

Diligence 151; "Diligent people" 62, 377

Diminishing return 65

Dinner 228, 254

Diplomacy, Farmer and, ix

"Direct action" 173

Discipline 50

Discontent 323

Discussion 358

Disease 210, 350

"Disgraceful disease," see Syphilis

Dishonesty 354

Displacements 268

Distinguished man and demoralised man 26

Dividends, Effect of factory, 369

Divorce 126, 197

Dō 134; Do (land) 334

Doctors 123, 241, 268 (2), 399; "Doctor first, God second," 271

Dogs 131, 221, 236, 344-5; Dog day 126; Fighting 228; for kuruma 248

Doing good secretly 219, 323

Doll in tree 244

Domicile 396

Domori 134

"Do not get angry" 150

Doorway inscription 47

Dorobo, see Robber

Dossiers 314

"Double licence" 257

Dover and Calais 334

Dowries 138

Dragon Day 126

Drainage see Irrigation, Water; 97, 133, 199, 232

Drapers' stuff 121

Draughtsmanship 102

"Drawing water into one's own paddy" 48

Draw nets 186

Dreamers 363

Dress, see Clothing; Fields, 187; of Honour, 187

Drill 15, 50, 282

Drinking, see Drunkenness

Drivers' hair cutting 318

Drought 132

Drowning 128

Drum 15, 17, 83, 272

Drunkenness 116, 119, 187, 261, 282, 305, 322; see Saké 2

Dürer 103

Dutch 208; Books 150

Dwarf trees, see Trees dwarfed; 52, 220

Dye 295

"Early riser may catch," etc. 57

Early rising 57, 179

Early Rising Societies 14 et seq.

Earnestness 168, 277, 308

Earth 126

"Earth is not as," etc. 203

Earthquakes, see Volcanoes 23

East, see also West and East; Wants the best 99; East and West 141; Bridge 101; Inharmony 105; Supposed difference 100; Eastern, Faults of 96; Ideals 96

"Easy minded" 323

Economic conditions and development 149, 206; Economic questions 104; Economic superstition 148; Economy, see Thrift, 19; Economy too small 362

Edgworthia chrysantha, see Mitsumata Education, see Farmers, Genius, Hokkaido, Schools, 17, 26, 98, 120, 127, 140, 169, 194, 196, 204, 252, 361, 374, 378; Burden 65; Better 370; Competition for places 195; Ill result of 204, 301, 323; System, repressed by 101; Western 189

Eels 299

Eggs 85, 110, 130, 348-9, 406

Egoist's story 61

Ehime 201, 219, 226

Eights 255

Elder brothers 19, 329

Eldest son 143, 329

El Dorado 88

Electoral offences, see Bribery, Corruption

Electricity 39; Among trees 210; and Fuji 283; Fan 125; Light 211; Torch 300

El Greco 103

Elizabethan scenes 116, 276

Ellis, Dr. Havelock, xiii, 1, 99, 332; Mrs. 253

Ema 326

Embanking 93, 152, 197

Emerson, R.W. 99, 105

Emigration, see Hokkaido (Immigrants); 176, 249, 264, 330, 332 (2), 358, 360, 363, 401, 376, 413-4; Number of emigrants 410; No pressing need 363; Why emigrants do not go to mainland and Formosa 363

Emperor, see also Imperial train; 22, 46, 82, 121, 178, 202, 286; Etiquette 44; Portrait 90, 113; Respect for 44; Seeing 43

Empire, To extend the 205

Endurance 261

Engawa 270, 271, 280, 375

England: and Buddhism 100; and Christianity 97; Greatness of 97; and Greek Philosophy 97; and Roman law 97

English (language) 126, 282, 297; Reader (book) 234; Speaking world and Japan xv

"Enlarge people's ideas" 17

"Enlarging mind and heart" 11

Entertainers 108

Epidemics 121, 130, 223

Erotic West 101

Eruption, see Volcano

"Essential out of trifles" 323

Estates, see Hokkaido; Smallness of 213, 400

Eta 221, 223, 248, 307, 400; in America 401; Marriages 400

Ethical evolution 348

Etiquette, see Manners; 6, 19, 35, 39, 124, 148, 200, 213, 242, 273; in roadway 47

Europe 288, 410; Half civilised 141

European 141

Eurya ochnacea, 137

Evening primroses, 120

"Even in this good reign," 124

"Even the devil was once," etc., 123

"Even the head of a sardine," 141

Evolution, Ethical, 348

Excel, Desire to, 158

Excreta, see Manure; 375, 382, 386

Excursions, 18, 297

Exercise, 151

"Exert yourself to kill harmful insects," 286

Exhibition, see Show; also Bural Life Exhibition; 58, 60

Ex-officials, 22; Ex-preacher, 220; Ex-Public Servants' Association, 22

Expansion, 360, 413-4; Suggested abandonment of oversea possessions, 93

Expenditure, see Farmers

Experts, see Agricultural Experts; 27, 237, 240

Exports, 414; Some useless, 369

Eyesight, 327

Faces, Good will do, 26

Factories, see also Tuberculosis, 282; ante-Shaftesbury, 167; Bathing 163; Babies 162-3; Better treatment, more silk, 165; Bon, 162; British and American conditions, 406; Child workers, 172; Chimneys, 151; Compounds, 162; 164-5, 168 (2); Contracts, 162-3, 165; "Cost of a daughter's food," 162; Dexterity, 169; Diet, see Parliament; Discharged workers, 88; Dividends and effect of, 193, 369; Dormitories, 162, 164 (2)-5, 168 (2), 399, 407; Education and Entertainment, 162, 164 (2)-5, 168; Earnestness 169; Effect of, 162-3, 181, 280, 283; Empress, 164; English parallels, 167-8, 170 (2); Fair treatment of Employees practicable, 168; Flag system, 161, 164; Food, 161-2-3 (2)-4, 168, 399; Foremen, 162-3, 165; Girls, 2, 85, 264; Government, 172-3; Health, 161-2-3-4 (2); Heat, 161; Holidays, 161, 165; Hours (thirteen, fourteen, sixteen, eighteen), 161, 163 (2)-4-5 (3), 167; Illness, 161-2-3-4, 168; Immorality, 163 (2); International Labour Office, 172; Kemban, see Recruiters, Köfu, 165; Kuwata, Dr., 172; Labour cheap, 169 (2), 173; Labour docile, 173; Legislation, 165, 171; Married women, 162; Marriages, 163; Morale, 168; Mottoes, 164 (3)-5; Number of workers, 168; Obedience, 169; Parliament, 173 (2); Police 166; Pressure 161; Priests and Missionaries, 162, 165; Proprietors, 163 (2)-4-5, 167-8; Recruiters, 161-2-3, 166; Sleeping, see Dormitories; Suwa, 165; Switzerland, 172; Wages 161-2, 164-5, 167-8; Walpole's History, 167; Washington Conference, 173; Western responsibility, 173; "Worked like soldiers," 164; and daimyo's castle, 176; and farmers, 282; Silk 147, 150, 161; Tea 403; Visits to, 161; Woollen, 354-5-6-7

Failures, A country's, due to, 167

Fairies, 110

Faith, 27, 97, 148; "Faith is the mother," etc., 136

Fame, Worldly, and good repute, 324

Familiarity, 273

Family, 61, 326; Discords, 282; "Excesses," 302; Large, Appreciation of, 302, 331; Size of, see also Limitation of, 66, 331 (2), 377; Number in, 412; System, 285, 328-9, 330

Famines, 118, 124, 197, 237, 413

Fans, 115, 148, 314

Farmers, see also Adjustment, Agriculture, Area per family, Countryman, Debt, Heroic peasant, Labour, Paddy, Peasant Proprietors, Rice, Tenants, Work; Ability, 65; Aged mother, 3; and Adjustment, 71; and Artisan, 189; Attraction of towns, 180; and Copper companies, 92, 227; Egotist 61; and M.P. 92; and reading, 319; and thieving priest, 320; Attitude towards Science, 158; as poets 41; Autobiography, 8; Bondage 331; British, 370; Capital, 42; Character needed, 50; Children clever, 233; Clothing, 186; Condition, 18, 173, 189, 283-4-5, 265, 304, 310 (2), 314, 322, 354, 365, 378; Condition improved, 261; Condition of success, 10; Days working, 232 (3); (hand work, heavy spade, long-handled sickle, mattock, sickle, scythe, weeding 385-6;) Debts 42; Expenditure, 62, 381-2; Evicted by Railways, 250; Families 412; for and against Family system 330; Fishermen 210; Foreign sympathy excessive 261; Food 378, 380-1, 389; in sericultural districts 85; Future 303; Holidays, too small, Home, 61; 281; Good humour 186; Hours worked 278; Idealising of 260; Importance of Character, Education and Influences brought to bear on 85; Incomes too low 38; Lowest on which can live 194; of an M.P. and of a Minister of State 9-10; Increased expenditure 88; Intelligence of 186; Knowledge of financial position 186; Laboriousness 298; Lack of cash 251; Large, see Hokkaido; Limitations imposed by area, practice and physical conditions 88, 364 et seq.; Long hours, see Day's working, 167; Metayer system 207; Meeting of skilful 24; Middle 183, 189, 193, 378, 380; Mixed, see Hokkaido; Monument 251; Morality 66; No time to think 149, 179; Not able 196; Not inferior to a townsman 8; Pilgrimages 252; Pluck, industry and need of land 152; Poverty 176, 183, 195; Pressure on 148; Profit, see Hokkaido; Self-contained existence no longer 66; Selling land 10; Shall rent be paid in cash? 301; Small decreasing, large increasing, 89; Social precedence, 369; Spade 362; Stories 24-25; Temporary prosperity 87; Tenants' movement, see Landlords; Thatch for implements, 220; "Toil never ending" 365; Unrepresented in Parliament 285; Why better off 85; Why poor 65; Wives 30; Working days 237; Yosōgi's story 66

Farce 320

Fashions 19

Fasting 327

Fat 142

Father and son 8, 135, 205 (2); Father-in-law 138

Feast, name of, 34

Feeling 210; v. Statistics 1; Logic 29, 37

Feet 317; Wet 312

Fencing and Wrestling, see Wrestling; 14, 16, 159, 178, 287

Ferment 323

Fertiliser 42; Fertility 92 (2)

Festivals 50, 114, 235, 261, 287, 377; Sketches at, 192

Feudal ideas 30; Pensions and debt 395; Régime 244

Field (Upland) 372

Figs 289

Filial duties 117, 205 (2)

Filth, see Manure

Fine arts 214

Fine days 245

Fines 285

Fir 213

Fire defenders and Fire extinguishing 22, 120, 123, 222, 281; Flies 136

Fire farming 110, 122, 227, 131

Fire God 267

Fire holes 314

Fires, see also Arson; 59, 93, 125-6,185, 227, 280, 286, 342

Fish 81, 83, 110, 117 (2), 268, 297, 348-9 (2), 379, 380, 389; Ceremonial 46; Daintiest part 228; Eyes 228; Fed 130; Nurseries 224, 251; Soup 228; Supply 346; Waste 308, 386

Fisheries, see also Hokkaido; 43, 414

Fishermen 211, 214, 308; Farmers 210

Fishing 186, 332; Boat 235; Village 327

Flags 130, 136

Flail 78

Flax 272-3, 381 (2), 410

Fleas 109

"Flinging water at a frog's back" 48

Flint and tinder 233

Floods 92, 93, 118, 128, 152, 177, 180, 197, 223 (2), 227, 240, 370

Flowers 123, 127, 147, 272, 289, 290; Arrangement 53, 213, 319

Flute 190

Folklore being made 331

Food, see Farmers, Hokkaido; 34, 71, 196, 228, 261, 312, 324, 346, 374 (2), 389, 404; and Clothes 118; Five sen a day 184; Japanese v. foreign 350; Lack of 114; Production 367; Specialities 182; Tea and Rice 81; Rice and Pickle 81; Taken away by guests 284; Unbalanced 350; When travelling 110

Forage 227, 243-4, 367

Forces which govern behaviour 167

Foreign: Apeing Foreign 306, 362; Benevolence 376; Books 196; Emulation of 158; Fashions 121; Influence 97; Ideas overpowering 101; Pride in things foreign 362; Tourist 236; Under control 357

Foreigners 69, 80, 81, 111, 117, 141 (2), 146, 204, 217, 244, 249, 262, 269, 345, 352; Cutting them out 369; and idols 205; and Japanese, Closer relations with 95; and Waitresses 101; Hoodwinking 399; Ill-instructed 191; Immorality 56; Sexual curiosity 101; Short-tempered because of Meat-eating 268; Smell of 142

Forests, see Floods; 194, 240, 370, 390, 385, 394, 409

Forestry, see Hokkaido; Association 177

Formalin 60

Formosa, see Taiwan; 96, 214, 249, 390-1, 332, 363 (2)

Fortunate days 126

"Fortune" 138

Forty-seven Ronin 333

Foster mother 311

Foundations of Japan in village ix, 92

Foundlings 376

Fowl day 126

Fox 33, 129, 144, 326; God 120, 266, 325-6 (2)

France 397 (2); and Algeria 256

Franchise 38, 124, 170, 173, 400

Franklin, B., 124

Frankness 146

Frazer, Sir J.G., 243

Freedom, see Hokkaido; 273, 361

Free Farmer in a Free State, A, 197, 347-8

Free, Japan very, 100

Frockcoats 82, 259

Frogs 48 (2), 122, 260

Froissart 161

Frontier line 306

Frost 195, 391

Froude, J.A., 103

Frugality 8, 151

Fruit, see Names of; 18, 85, 148, 177, 282, 289, 292, 307, 349, 368, 402; Disease 368; Growing 61; Jelly 148; Insects 368; Preparations 182; Unripe 150

Fu xxv

Fuel, see Charcoal, Coal, Wood; 374, 378

Fuji 107, 262, 310; and Electricity 283

Fukushima 107, 119, 175, 189, 199

Funabushi 307

Fundamental power 323

Funerals 22, 66, 270, 302; Forbidden 236; Feast 248

Furniture 382

Furoshiki 280

Fusuma 36

Futon 8, 31, 109, 258, 280, 300

"Future in the morning" 136; Future Life 201

Gaku 4, 38-9, 51

Galloway dykes 227

Gambling 21, 197, 280, 287, 310

Gampi 401

Gap between East and West 100

Gardens 135, 210, 213-4, 215, 222, 270, 313; Economic 12; "Garden where virtues, etc." 177

Gas 348; Natural 133, 300, 404; Gasometer and shrine 286

Geisha 2, 19, 57, 96, 102, 114, 212, 252, 254, 257, 362

Gemmai 79

Geniuses, Education of, 58

Genre pictures 313

Genshitsu 259

Gentleness 19

Geology 365

Geomancy 72

German prisoners 307

Germany, see Hokkaido; 300-1, 328, 386, 413

Geta 16, 18, 116, 236, 272, 308, 317, 346, 373

Getsu-yo-bi 126

Gifu 61

Gillie 25

Ginger 410

Ginseng 131, 256

Giotto 103

Girls, see School girls; 13-4, 181, 275, 407; Babies on backs 285; Exploitation 173; in hotels and restaurants 101; Labourers 250, 286, 322, 411; Porters 186; Primitive conditions 216; Sturdiness 302; Wages 315; Gipsies 110

Gladstone 352

Glamour of West 369

Glass, Box for broken, 126

Globe 276

"Glory of the Morning" 121

Go (measure) 119; Gō (chess) 142, 214-5

Goats 264, 321, 347, 406

Godown 185, 376

Gods 21, 80, 82, 202-3-4, 244, 251; of Agriculture 145; calling down 83; Christian view of 83; "God damn all foreigners" 352; of Fire 261; of Happiness 267; of Horses 26; "If one shall give to God" 323; Respect for 45; and Sea 257; "God second" 271; Sirens and guns 237

Gogh, Van, 98

Gohai 134, 144, 185, 318

Gohan 79

Goitre 268

Gold 124, 396; Story 5

Golden Bough, The, 192, 331

Goldsmith, Oliver, 146

Gong 272, 310

Gonorrhœa 300

Good: Doing 26; Fellowship 16; Humour 217; "Good people are not sufficiently precautious" 8; Resolutions, Black and red balls for, 19; "Good wives and good mothers" 19; Good Shepherd 127; Goodness, Causes of, 67, 149

Goods, not up to sample, 354

Gosen 132

Gospel 94, 97

Gourds 221

Government, Feeling towards, 63; Granary 86

Governors 21, 39, 84, 152, 179, 198, 200, 202-3, 238, 259, 328, 352, 361, 370, 373; Ex- 241

Goya 103

Graduation tax 21

"Grafting, Thinking," 136

Grain 307, 349; and wood crops 309

Granary 86

Grandfather's story 43

Grapes 130, 140, 149, 152, 177, 272, 402; in mustard 228; Grapefruit 238

Grass, see Forage; 381 (3), 409; Land available 368; Hokkaido and Saghalien 368; Bamboo 352

Gratitude 26, 141

Gravel 25

Graves, see Burial grounds; 19, 58, 72, 225, 306; Stones 121, 144, 147, 219, 235, 267; Gravedigger 241; Unpopular persons 241

Great Britain xv, 328, 386

Greece 95-6, 204; Greek Church 362

Green, J.K., 34

"Greenfield Mountain" 244

Grief 201, 273

Ground cypress 221

"Guid moral fowk" 63

Guilds 295, 317

Gumma 146, 309, 321

Gun xxv; Gunchō 51, 56, 118, 150, 175, 219, 328

Guns, sirens and gods, 237

Gutters 286

Gymnastics 113, 222

Gyokuro 294, 403

Habakari 375

Habits 124

Hachia 248

Hagi 213

Hair 18, 19, 143, 224, 318, 353; Tied up 116

Hakama 16, 356

Hakumai 79

Haldane, Lord, 201

Half-civilised 141; dressed 126

Hall, Sir D., viii, 370

Ham 406

Hamlets xxvi, 15, 16

Hand-claps 45-6, 319; Hands 153

Handicrafts, Japanese and British, 317

Hantsukimai 79

Haori 16, 315, 356

Happiness 109, 261; God of, 267

Harakiri, see Seppuku, 55

Hara (prairie) 68

Hara, Professor, 413 (2)

Hard work, or better, 64

Hare 278; Day 126

Harmoniums 276

Harp 83

Harvest, see Paddy, 50; Gods and, 83

Hasegawa, Tokaku, 344

Hashi 81

Hata 68; Hatake 68

Hats 74, 76, 83, 129, 198, 284

Hawaii 388

Hawker: beggar 248

Hayashi, Baron, xv

Haze 392

Headhunters 96

Headman, see Blind Headman, 54, 56, 121, 126, 133, 140, 189, 241, 250; and Officials 21; Loochoos 236

Health, see Bureau of Hygiene, Invalids, Physique, Tuberculosis; 50, 53, 80, 180, 268, 308, 368, 375, 398, 404

Hearn, Lafcadio, viii, 141, 237, 253, 344

Hearts 25, 27

Heat, 125, 147, 261, 307

"Heathen" 96, 98, 99, 326

Heather 290

Heaven 23, 183; "Heavenly punishment" 298

Hebrew prophets 95

Height 17, 404-5

Heimin 400

Hell 109

Hemp 409

Henley, W.E., 40, 80

Hens, Pensions for, 345

"Here the Emperor beheld," etc. 39

Herring blessed 82

Hibachi 153, 297, 374

"Hided himself" 29

Highways, Ancient, 144

Hills 390; Artificial 210

Hills removed 299

Hindus 203

Hinoki 221, 394

Hiroshima 207, 236, 402

History: Cannot be repeated 363; of England 167; of the "Southern Savage" 208

Hiye 387, 389

Hoes, see Paddy

Hokkaido xxv, 89 (2), 195, 197, 222-3, 249, 332, 363, 390; Agricultural college, 336; American supplies and influence 334(2)-5-6 (2); Apples 337; Ashigawa 338; Ainu 336; Alcohol factory 339; Askov 341; Basha 338, 340; Bear 337; Beer 337; "Best bits" 359; Beauty 361; Brewing 335-6-7; Britons 336; Brothels 360; Buckwheat 338, 341; Budget cut down 359; Buggies 334; Canning 336-7; Cattle 343; Christians 340; Climate 337; Collies 343; Cooperation 339, 341; Countryside 342; Credit 360; Cossack farming 336; Dairymaid 343; Danish songs 341; Development, 335, 358-9, 360, 414; Drainage 338; Dutch 336; Education 359; Elms 336; Farms, Area, 239, 337-8; Mixed, milk, meat, 338, 343, 348; Profits 340, 380-1-2; Official farms 343, Farms, large, 338; "Feed them well" 341; Fisheries 335, 337; Floods 342; Flour mills 336; Food 341; Foreign practice 336; Forestry 337; Forest fires 342; French 336; "Getting on" 360; Germans 336, 341; Grouse 336; Immigrants 337, 339, 340, 341, 359; Grass 341; Hakadate 334; Hay 343; Horses 338, 341; Houses 334; Hunting 335; Huts 341; Imperial household 335-6, 360, Rescript 336; Immigration into island, 360, 414; Industry 337; Influence on Old Japan 334, 361; Kō 341; Kuroda 336; Labour difficulties 337-8, Land scandals 359, Not available 360, System 359; Licensed Quarters, see Brothel; Manitoba 337; Maize 336-7; Milk 338; Millet 338; Mining 337; Moneylenders 340; Money wanted 359; Monkeys 336; Mortgage 340; Nitobe, Dr., 336; Oats 337; Oxen 339; Peat 338; Peppermint 339; Pheasants 336; Pigs 339, 343; Population 335, 360, 414; Potato, see Starch; Prostitutes 360; Railway 341, 360; Religion 340; Residuum 341, 359; Rice 337-8, 341; Rivers 338, 342; Roads 338, 341, 360; Riding 339; Russians 335-6; Rye 337; Saké 340; Salisbury, Lord, 359; Salvation Army 340; Sapporo, 343-4 (2), 337-8, 391; Sato, Dr., 336; Scenery 342; Self-binders 343; Self-help 341; Sheep 343, 347, 352-3-4; Silo 336; Stock-keeping 343, 347; shōchū 340; Shrine 339; Slesvig 341; Snow 341, 347; "Social question" 341; Soldier colony 336; "Sordid" 360; Stallion 340; Starch factory 339; Stimulating and free 361; Streets 334; Sugar-beet factories 336; Taxation 414; Temples 339; Tenants 339; Tolstoy 341; Tomeoka 341; Trees 338, 342; Uchimura 336; Ugliness 342; University 336, 360; Value of land 402; Volcanoes 334, 343, 390; Wagon storage 340; "Whoa" 334; Windows 334; Wolves 337; Wood pulp 337; Yezo 335

Hokke 134

Hokku 107

Hokora 134, 144

Hokusai 344

Holidays 128, 278, 377; Cheap 123, 190; To cattle 256

Holiness, Theoretical and practical, 256

Holland, see Dutch; ix, 121, 368

Hollyhocks 39

Home Office 24, 133, 345; Home training 149

Homma 186, 188, 380

Hon 334

Hondo, see Honshu

Honesty 140, 145, 277

"Honourable first-class passengers" 218

Honours, 187

Honshu 334, 390-1-2, 402

Hoops 221

Hopes for the future 361

Horses, see Hokkaido, Paddy; 61, 111, 139, 187, 189, 194-5, 209, 240, 262-3-4, 269, 287, 307, 345 (2), 346, 381 (3) -2 (2), 406; Bronze 212; Day 126; Difficulty of feeding 367; Dressing 318; Fair 175; Feed 244; Fondness for 344; Fly 126; God 267 (2), 304; Holidays for 256; Monuments to 167, 307; Power 385; Shows 268; Slaughtered 406; Shrine 127; Symbol 272, 304; Horseman's hair cutting 318

Hotels, see Inns, 107; Japanese and English 319; "Hotel for people of good intentions" 54

Hot spring 126, 190; Story 233

Houses, see Hokkaido; 66, 153, 207, 214, 261, 314, 322, 378; Beauties of 31, 35; Building 17; Courtesies 34-5; of ill fame, see Brothels; Miserable 176, 190; New forbidden 247; Simplicity 39; Transported 310; Western "taste" 34

"How I became a Christian" 91

Humanity 235; New conception of 94; Humanitarians 206

Humidity, see Climate

Humour 217, 276

Humus 309, 313

Hunger 145

Hunting, see Hokkaido, 278

Husband and Wife 121

Huxley xiv

Hydrangea 53, 122

Hydraulic works 52

Hygiene, see Health

Hyogo 253, 260, 311, 402

Hypocrisy 224, 259

I 246, 410

"I am the master of my fate" 41; "I remain Japanese" 141; "I hear the voice of Spring" 165

Ibaraki 189, 199, 309

Idea of a Gap 98; Old ideas 331

Ideographs 68, 301

Idleness, Correction of, 17, 19

"Idols" 142, 205

"If you look at a water fowl" 101; "If you should advise me" 175

Ihai 143, 270, 272; Ihaido 272-3

Illegitimacy 114, 229, 241, 280, 303, 322, 395

Illiteracy 375

Illness 187, 350, 377

Image, see Idols, 142, 205

Imitation, 24

Immorality, see Morality, Women, Primitive conditions; 2, 17, 101-2, 114, 126, 132, 139, 149, 193, 190, 191-2, 197, 201, 212, 214, 241, 280, 287, 307, 315, 322; Foreigners, 56; and Shrine, 325-6

Imperial Household, see Hokkaido; Garden Party, 319; Rescript 50-1, 90, 137, 204; Poem competition 40; Train 44

Imperturbability 251

Implements 364, 378, 382; Better, 365, 367, 370; Cared for, 220; Primitive, 365

Imports, Doing away with 347; Some useless 369

Impressions xiii, 27

Improvement, Principles of, 370

Inari 129, 325

Incendiarism, see Arson

Incense 119, 141

"Incitement to do well" 140

Income of a Governor, 373; of a Minister of State 373; Small 240

Incomprehensibleness 202

Incongruity 137

Indecency 192, 197

Independence 151, 277, 311

India 388

Indigo 209, 223, 409

Individualism 101-2, 204, 327, 330

Indo-China 388

Indoors 213

Industry (quality) 297, 317

Industry, see Hokkaido, Factories, Sericulture; Alleged economic necessity for Sweating 169; "Industry and Increase of Production" 259; Cheap labour 169 (2), 173; Cotton factories 174; Chinese competition 173; and Commerce v. Agriculture 284, 414; Crash 87; Criticism 369; Destruction of Craftsmanship 317; Death rate 393; Deception of West 174; Docile Labour 169, 173; Employers' public spirit 173; Excuses for shortcomings 169; Exploiting 169 (2); El Dorado 369; Female labour 169, 399; Foreign competition 173-4; Handicap of 174; Indefensible attitude 169; Inexperienced labour 174; Inhumanity 174; Just claim 174; Mistakes imitating West 170; Net return to Japan 169; Number of workers 168; Profits 174; Rural v. Urban 369; Success of 169; Uselessness of some 369; Unskilled labour 174; Welfare work 174; Wellwishers' fears 169; Western lessons 174, 369; Wisdom, Will it be displayed? 174; Woollen, 354-5-6-7

Infanticide 66, 216, 302, 332

Infinity 200

Inflation xxiv, 414

Influence 201, 203, 321, 324; Influential villager 140

Inhalation 117

Inland Sea 207-8, 235

Inner colonisation, 307, 413-4

Inn 108-9-10, 116, 122-3, 127, 132, 144-5, 152, 190, 214, 228, 315; of Cold Spring Water 128; Entertainment 108; Notices in 183; Old days 148; Rates 148, 183; Restfulness 319; Transportation of 182

Inscriptions 47, 126, 129

Insects 20 (2), 188, 230, 250, 286, 344, 353, 368; Fondness for, 344; Insect powder 109

Instinct 201

Instructions 26, 151

Insurance 281

Intellectuals 103, 203

Intelligence 140, 151, 370

Intercourse 358

Interest, see Usury; 43, 66

Intermarriage 204, 252, 290, 364

International Labour Conference 395; Understanding, see West and East

Interpreter 27

Intestines 348, 351

Introduction to the History of Japan, 413

Invalids 110, 346

Ireland 358

Iron 226, 396

Irrigation, see Water, Waterwheels, Wells; 25, 52, 180, 197, 207, 210, 262, 390-1

Ise Shrine 176

Islands 235 (3), 390; Beacon 247

Italy 365-6, 396-7

Ito San 307

Itsukushima 236

Iwate 189, 195-6

Izumo 251

Jaga-imo 249

Jakchū, 344

James, William, 105

Japan, see Japanese; Anti-Ally campaign xi; Belief in, a substitute for religion, 63; Books, good and bad, on viii; and Germany xi; and Great Britain 89, 385, 390; Compared with Asia 390; Could support double the population 97; Course 371; Danger of Foreign colonisation 100; English-speaking world and xv; Free 100; Future, neither a technical nor an economic problem, 371; Forced into Materialism, 100; Great Britain and, xv; Mental attitude 371; New and Old 318; Northern 365, 370, 402, 413 (2), 414; Proper 385, 390; Thousand years ago 82; United States and xv; Width 390; Will o' the wisps 371; World opinion on ix

Japanese: Advantages 371; Aestheticism and farmer ix; Closer relations with foreigners 95; Christian church 197; Common sense 371; Devotional 102; Essence of life 141; Family, a, 143; Ideas, old, 174; Judgment on 371; Kindness 102; Number in Great Britain 403; in London 403; Opportunities 371; Puzzled 100; "Japanese spirit," see Yamato damashii, 140, 323; Talents 371; True v. mediocre, 371

Jeffries, 99

Ji 210

"Jiji" 90

Jinrikisha, see Kurumo; 46, 131

Jishu 119

Jizō 125, 286

John, Augustus 98, 103

Johns Hopkins 349

Johnson, Dr., 132, 175, 262, 297

Joro, see Prostitutes; 56, 255, 258 Judō 50, 159

Jūjitsu 50, 287

"Jump land" 305

Jungle 122

Kagawa 207, 209

Kago 244

Kaiserism 90

Kakemono 36, 39, 135, 150 (2), 319

Kakkō 315

Kambara 132

Kamchatka 195

Kanagawa 182, 283, 309, 321

Karakami 36

Karuizawa 143-4

Kasutera 346

Katsubushi 297, 349

Kawasaki, see Labour

"Keeping up position" 183

Ken xxvi, 176

Kennedy, J. Russell, 332

Kepler 106, 123, 344

Khedive 98

Ki-ai 36

Kikicha 294

Kimonos 15, 16, 84, 114, 125 (4), 200, 218, 269, 272, 301, 309, 312, 317, 321, 356; Respect for superiors 125

Kinai 71

Kindergarten 7

Kindness 102, 205, 307

King, Professor, vii, 260

Kiri 129

Kissing 313

Kitchens of Hongwanji 63

Kites 260

Kittens, see Cats; 345

Kneeling 17, 308, 319

Knife 282

Knowledge 301, 328

Kō, see Hokkaido, Tanomoshi; 215, 278, 301

Ko-aza xxvi

Kobe 66, 71, 207, 260, 292, 392; "Kobe beef" 402

Kochi 207, 209, 386

Kōfu 152

Koi, see Carp

Koizumi Yakumo 254

Kokusai-Reuter 332

Komojin 208

Konnyaku 48, 176

Korea 99, 103, 104, 256, 332, 336, 363 (2), 390 (2), 391, 394; Folk art 104; Secretary of Government 10

Korai 105

Kōri xxvi

Koto 34

Kōzo 401

Kropotkin 321

Kuge 102-3

Kumi 262, 278

Kura, see Godown

Kuriles 391

Kuruma 46, 121 (2), 209, 243, 262, 310; in War time 51; Forbidden 236; Wooden wheels 244; Kurumaya 120, 122-3, 128, 131, 148, 250; Story 310

Kusonoki Masashige 66-7

Kuwata, Dr., 399

Kwanto 107, 147, 199, 309

Kwantung 388, 391

Kyōgen 32

Kyosai, Kawanabe, 344

Kyōto xxvi, 63, 66, 82, 141, 207, 222, 243, 257, 292, 303, 307, 391-2; Hongwanji 2

Kyushu xii, 330, 390-1-2, 402

Labour, see Factories, Farmers, Land, Paternalism, Revolution; Socialism, 160; Arrests 171; Better directed 64; Ca'-canny 171; Cheap labour exploited 369; Child workers 170, 172, 224; Confederation of Japanese Labour 171; Labour contractors, see Hokkaido, Sericulture; Days in the Year, 62, 65 (2), 377; Employers' public spirit 173; English parallels 167, 170 (2); Factory law 165, 169, 171-2 (2), 224; Hours 62, 376-7, 378; Eleven 173, Twelve 170, Fourteen 171-2; Farmer's Co-operation, see Tenants' movement; "Friend-Love-Society" 171; Girls' labour 224; Imprisonment 170; Increased 26; Irregular 350; Given 17; Kawasaki 173-4; Matsukata 173-4; Mitsubishi 173; Night 48, 171; Police 170-1; Prosecutions 172; Publications 171; Public meetings 170; Public opinion 169, 172-3; Seaman's Union 171; Strikes, 88, 170; Tenants' Movement 173; Trade Unions 169, 170 (2) -1; Wages substituted for apprentice system 315; Women workers, see Silk (Factories) 171-2; Yu-ai-kai 171;

Labourers, see Girl labourers, 150, 184, 189, 194, 380-1, 395, 397, 411

Lacquer 39, 130, 319

Ladder for tree pruning 215

Ladybirds 289

Lamb, Henry, 98

Lamps 348

Land available, see Utilised, 97, 180, 233, 368, 408, 414; Covered by buildings, railways, etc., 250, 409; City investments in, 150; under Cultivation 70; Divided up, result, 306; New 18, 24, 42-3, 62, 66, 85, 194, 207 (2), 225 (2), 264, 305, 370; Yearly 408; Government action, 408; Ownership decrease, 411; "of Plenteous ears" 68; Made over to farmers at Restoration 395; from the Sea, 41; held by Tradesmen and other, 412; Utilised, 214, 225, 227, 244; Value of, 64, 133, 240, 339, 402

Landlady and Players 115

Landless 412

Landlords, see also Tenants, Hokkaido, Homma; 193, 212, 223, 303, 305, 358, 376, 394; Area 29, 41, 213, 400; Absentees 38; Advice and gifts by 30 (2); Bad 58 (4); Budgets 41, 373; Boycotted 28; Competition for Farmers 186; Circuit of village 36; Cruel 38; Expert engaged 177; Diversions 213; Factory dividends 193; as Farmers, 213; Idle 322; and Farmers' wives 30; Garden parties 30; "Hided himself" 29; "Land master" 37; Parasitic 261; Poets 41; Power going from 36, 330; Rents and Reduction of 29, 37, 85, 220; Sharing system, 45; Storehouses, 28 (2); and Tenants, 23 29, 30, 31, 34, 37-8, 88, 94, 152, 229, 230, 301; Taxes 73; Tenant movement 37-8; Perspiration, 38; Reformation of village, 47; Uchimura 94; Usurers 38; Western and Japanese compared, 261

Landscape 120

Lanes 307

Lang, A., 105

Language 301

Lanterns 19, 36, 58, 136, 190, 211, 237, 266-7

Lark 83

Laughter 217

Law, William, 99

Leaders 26, 51, 140

League of Nations, Japanese Secretary, 336

"Learning Meeting" 58; "Learning right ways," etc., 164

Lectures 150, 176, 180, 189, 250, 279

Leeches, see Paddy, 137

"Left behind his tiredness" 111

Legislation 236

Legumes 349

Lemonade 119

Lending, see Borrowing, Kō, Tanomoshi, 125, 183

Leonardo 103

Leprosy 5, 298

Lespedeza bicolor 213

Letter in the temple 26

Letters, interesting, 311; Lettering, Western v. Eastern, 39

Liberté du travail, De la, 8

Libraries 23, 59, 60, 180, 190, 196, 215, 244, 248, 401

Licensed Quarters, see Brothels

Life 101; Aim 205; Chaotic 100; Desire to enjoy 179; Significance of 90; Too near to Criticise 331

Lignite 47

Lighthouse, "At foot it is dark," 67

Lighting 120

Lily 410

Lime 148

Lincoln 124, 127

Literature 369; Western 102

"Livestock, his family," 386

Living, Bare, 261; Better 370; Cost of 278; Standard of 65, 85, 310, 240; "What men live by" 27; "Living Power" 322

Lizard story 5

Lobster 318

Locks 183

Locusts 20

Logic v. feeling 29

Loin cloth 125, 307

London 64; Market 357

Lonely spot 127; "Lonelyism" 319

Loochoos 236, 391

Loquat 289

Lorries 621

Loss 201, 203

Lotus 48, 146

Louse 107

Love, Not easy to fall in, 102; Not free 102; Four loves 61

Loyalty 174

L.T. 372

Lubin, David, vii

Lucky days 126

Lugubriousness, Absence of, 273

Lumbering, see Forests; 194-5

Lunacy, see "Natural"

"Lusitania" 202

Luther 94

Luxury 2, 19, 151

Lying 124

Macaroni 272, 351, 381

McCaleb, J.M., 364

Machi xxv

Mackintoshes 47

Maeterlinck 99

Magazines 18, 58, 282

Mahomedanism 101

Maid servant 324

Maillol 103

Maize, see Hokkaido, 146, 148, 272, 381 (2)

Malaya 127

Mallets 359

Manchester Guardian 339

Man 150; "Man and Wife" 121; Development 202; with a monument 41; Study of 119; Manfulness 205

Manchuria 21, 354, 356-7, 363 (2), 390, 394; Railway company 357

Mangoku doshi 78

Mantles 74, 76

Manners, see Etiquette 17, 19

Manual labour 50

Mantegna 103

Manure, see Benjo; 230, 232-3, 259, 264, 298, 308, 313, 346, 352, 374, 380-2, 384, 386; Artificial 49, 85, 92, 136; Better manuring 370; Co-operation 49; Manure blessed 82; House 22, 137, 150, 215; Green 386; Liquid, for Vegetables, 350; "Livestock, his family," 386; Odour 49; Students and 50; Tanks 214-5; "White steam rising" 137

Maples 25, 52

Market, No, 127

Marmots 166

Marriage, see Weddings, Unmarried; 11, 114-5, 138, 170, 193, 220, 247, 284, 293, 315, 330, 379, 380, 395, 400; Ages 332; Marrying for love, 102; Remarriage 197

"Marrow of Japan, The," xv

Masses 132

Mascots 310

Masters and men, 174, 315

Materialism 2, 27-8, 212, 324

Matisse 103

Mats, see Tatami, 177, 215, 270, 304

Matsue 243, 253-4

Matsukata, see Labour

Matsumoto 148, 150, 391

Matter 100

Matthew, St., 94

Mattocks, see Paddies; 97, 285, 385; Wealth and 136

Meadow 409

Meals 34, 323

Meanness punished 266

Meat 130, 133, 346, 348, 349, 350, 356-7, 368, 379, 380, 406; and Good Temper 268

Mechanical power 370, 412

Medals 123

Medicine 248, 268, 374, 379, 380

Meetings, see Public meetings; 63, 238, 254

Meiji, Emperor, 39, 142

Melbourne 167

Melons 146, 150

Memoirs of the Queen's First Prime Minister 170

Memorial stones 41, 51-2, 67, 311; Services 271; Days 50

Mental attitude 254; nimbleness 17

Mercantile Marine 332; Farmer and ix

Mercenary spirit 2, 12

Merciful universe 323; "Mercy of the sun" 321

Meredith 90, 182, 219, 226, 235

Merits 25

Mesopotamia 371

Metal 126; Mines story xi

Metaphysical, Not, 258

Metayer system 45, 207

Methodist 141

Mice and bamboo 108

Middle Ages 84, 317

Middle School boys 151, 255, 284, 404

Middle men 38

Midwives 123, 241, 264, 282, 399

Migration 264, 364

Mikawa 84

Militarism 104, 233, 240, 328, 360; Military service, see Conscription, 220; Training 151, 282, 285

Milk, see Hokkaido; 110, 116, 128, 130, 150 (2), 235, 264, 345, 347-349, 381 (2); Foster mother 311

Millet, see Hokkaido 103, 131, 195-6 (2), 213, 219, 227, 264, 383, 389, 409, 411

Mimetic skill, 192

Minds, 27, 151, 226

Minerals, see also Hokkaido; 284, 396

Ming 106

Ministers and Ministries of Agriculture 24, 378, 385, 390, 397, 403, 411; of Health and Education (British) 371; of Finance 414; of Railways 403; of State, Income of, 373; Ministers, ex- 241

Mirror 178

Mirin 396

Misapprehensions, International, 363

Miser 59

Misfortune 187, 201; and Religion, 63

Miso 6, 81, 123, 151, 191-2, 196, 321, 349 (2), 350

Missionaries 7, 59, 143, 197

Mitsubishi, see Labour

Mitsumata 401

"Mixing in the heart" 135

Miyagi 189, 197

Miyajima 236

Mobilisation 241

Mochi 69, 272

Modesty 317

Mogusa 179

Momi 79

Mon 188

Monday 126

Money: Etiquette 148; Cheap 176, 184, 364; Need of 66, 370; Moneylenders, see Usury, 150, 282, 364; Money-sharing Club, see Kō, tanomoshi

Mongolia 357, 363 (2), 394

Monkey, see Hokkaido; 110, 129, 248; Monkey day 126; "Monkey slip" 246

Moon 126 (2), 129, 137, 208, 275; Bowing to 99; "Moon-seeing flowers" 120; Moonlight on mattocks 136; "Waiting for the Moon" 323

Morality, see Crime, Immorality, Police; 17, 20, 37, 50, 66, 95, 101-2, 140, 149, 152, 169, 179, 193, 203, 206, 229, 313; Anglo-Saxon sense of 95; Moral backbone 96, 141; "Moral bath" 94; Code, Lack of, 362; "Distrust of each other's morality the barrier" xii; Morality dependent on material well-being 118, 149; Quality of Eastern 95; "Not so bad" 149

Morimoto 349

Morioka 195-6

Morley, 14

Mosquitoes 50, 125, 143

"Mother, from the bosom of," 301; Mother-in-law 121, 138

Motor bus 246; Launch 237

Mottoes 7, 39, 126, 135-6, 150, 158, 187, 288

Mounds 306

Mountains 70, 108, 159, 176, 390 (2), 394; "Mountain climbers" 320; Mountain maidens 110

Moxa, see Mogusa; 47, 179

M.P., see Franchise; 124, 208, 285; Ashes of 92; and farmers 92

"Mr. Temple" 7, 270

M's, Seven, viii

Mud baths 147

Mujin 278

Mukae bon 272

Mulberry 40, 61, 147, 149, 153, 158-9 (2), 160, 264-5, 282, 287, 298, 302, 307, 310; Area and Yield 153, 409; Paper 410; Proverb 153

Mulch 220

Mura xxv, 262

Murdoch, James, Japanese and, viii

Murray, Gilbert, 301

Mushrooms 110

Music 102, 116, 180, 188, 237, 328; Ancient 82; Instruments 222; Western 99 (2), 288

Mutton, see also Sheep; 133, 345, 347

Muzzles 269

Mysticism 99, 100, 267

"My wish is that I may perceive" 106

Naden, Constance, 203

Nagano 140, 146, 153, 262, 272, 399

Nagasaki 391

Nagoya 38, 391, 392

Naichi 334

Naked children 309; Nakedness 115, 125, 193; Child story 307

Namban 208

"Name, called by second," 217

"Namu Amida," etc., 129

Napier, Sir W., 170

Napoleon 127, 203

Nara 222

Nasu, Mount 108

Nasu, Professor S., xv, xxiv

Nation 8; National Agricultural Societies 238, 320; Backing Society 312; Defence 97; Feeling 363; Funds 371; Greatness, Sources of, 97; Products 233; Nationalism 204, 328; Nationalists 91

Natsu mekan 238

Nature 287; and Character 99; Feeling towards 99; "Natural" 280; Naturalness 99

Naval Service 311

Navvies 21, 217

Navy 311, 346, 350-1, 360, 403; Farmer and ix

"Needle in your head" 11

Negation 101

Neo-Malthusianism 331-2

Nerves 238, 240

Nets 186

New and modern ideas 37; New ideas 135; New and Old Japan 318; New Age 361; "New rural type" 79

New East xii, 372, 406

News, see Notice boards, 323; Newspapers, see Press, 137, 249, 282, 300, 301, 319

New Testament 96, 203

New Year 265

New York 271, 318

New Zealand 352, 363

Nichi 126

"Nichi-Nichi" 90

Nichi-yo-bi 126

Nightingale, Florence, 127

Night-soil, see Manure

Night-time 19

Nihon no Shinzui xv

Niigata 107, 132, 295, 391

Nikko 92, 120

Ninomiya 7, 8, 50, 60, 61, 287

Nirvana 205

Nitobe, Dr., see Hokkaido; xv, 333

Nitrogen 147, 348

Nō 32, 320

Nogi, General, 54, 98

Non-material feeling 259

Normal school 233

"Normal yield" 70

North America 410

North, backwardness of, see Japan, Northern

North of Japan, see Japan, Northern

Noses 144, 192, 204

Note-books 18

"Nothing which concerns a countryman," etc., 107

Notice boards for news 17, 126; Notices 287

"Not yet" 288

Novelist 152; Novelists, Russian, 99

No wa kuni taihon nari 92

Nunnery 142; Nuns 140, 142, 143

Nursery pasture 259; Nurseries, see Paddies, Children drowned, 266; Nurses 58, 399; "Nursing-place for children of soldiers" 312

Nutrition poor, see Food

Oaks 316

Oars 211

Oats 381 (2)

Oaza xxvi, 221, 263, 302, 304, 305

Obi 15, 25

Obedience 169

Obscenity 192

Oceania 410

Octopus 46, 308

Oculist 239, 300

Oden 48

Offerings 272

Officials 27, 51, 176, 212, 261; Official rewards 213

Ohyakusho no Fufu ix

Oil, see Petroleum; For insects 188

Oiwaké 144

Okayama 207, 402

Okio 344

Okuma, Prince, 390

Okunitama no Miko no Kami 45, 46

Okura, Baron, 357

Okuri bon 272

Old age 17, 19, 22, 43; Old farmer to his son 66; Old man and officials 51; Old men 135, 271; "Old Miss not frequent" 74; Old Japan 391; Old People's Clubhouse 305, Houses 304, Work 227

Old Testament 326

Olives 210

Omelette 110

Omori 93, 182

Onions 381 (2), 410

"Only half a pilgrimage," etc., 257

Open heart 215

Oranges 221, 287, 289 (2), 402

Order 328; "Orders, May give him," etc., 217

Oriental Economist 93; Oriental religion for Orientals 327

Originality, supposed lack of 101

Oro 400

Orphans 185

Osaka ix, xxv, 71, 90, 207, 222, 311, 392

Otake 324

Otera San 7, 270

"Other people" 62, 377

Otsu Yukimichi 46

Out-of-date ideas 348

Owen, Wilfrid, 334

Overloading 345

Over-population, see Population

Overpowering foreign ideas 101

Overseas Colonisation Co. 402

Overwork 114

Oxen, see Cows, Cattle, Hokkaido, Holidays, Paddies; 18, 139, 346; Ox-day 126; Ox-drawn carts 18

Oyashiro current 195

Paddies, see Adjustment, Agriculture, Bull, Cow, Horse, Lime, Mattock, Plough, Pony, Rice, Straw, Ta, Windmills; 20, 66, 68-9, 70-1-2, 132, 264; Adjustment 182; Appearance 146, 298; Area, see Size, 385; Back breaking 75; Beauty 76; Blindness 300; At Christmas 314; Carp 299; Children drowned 75; Clothing 74; Cow 73, 77; Cultivated for centuries 366; Cultivation in sludge 73; Damaged crops 76-7; Discomfort 74; Drying 73, 77; Paddy v. Dry field labour 358; Floods 72, 76; Frost 299; Harrowing 73-4; Harvest 76-7; Hoes 75; Horse 73; I 246; Insects 74-5-6; Italy 68; Labour 70-3 et seq., 331, 358, 365; Labour required per tan 232; Leeches 74; Mattock 73, see Mattock; Model 189, 258; Ox 72-3, 77; Ploughing 73, 385; Pony 73, 77; Pulling Fork 74; Rent, see Rent, 23, 73; Reservoirs 72, 210, 299; Scattered 71; Second crop 70, 73; Seed bed 74-5-6, 84; Shape 69, 70-1; Shinto streamers 75; Sickle 77; Size 70, 249, 365-6, 360 (2); Soil 70, 73; Sowing 74-5; Spade 73; in Spring 307; Straw 76; Stubble 73; Temperature raised 76; Transplanting 74-5 (3), 84; Two hundred and tenth day 76; U.S.A. 68; Value 214, 402, 408-9; Wet 76-7; Water, Ammonia, Depth, Warm, 70, 72, 152, 366; Wet Feet 73; Weeding 74-5(2); Wind 76; Women 74; Work of 147

Pagodas 209

Painting 102, 223, 286, 327

Palisades 227

Pan 346

Panic grass, see Hiye

Paper 125, 148, 177, 227, 401

Paradise 205 (2)

Parasites 261, 350

Parasol, see Umbrellas

Parents 17, 102, 117, 149

Park 210

Parkes, Sir Henry, 9

Parliament 53; Cost of election 208; Farmers and ix

Parmesan 298

Partiality 14

Party feeling, see Politics, 2

Past and Present 233

Paternalism 174

Patience 153

Patriotism 26, 206, 371; Patriotic Women's Society, 105, 124

Patronage 37

Pattison, Mark, 105

Paul, St., 99

Paulownia 129

Paupers 376

Peace of the world 84; Peaceful mind 205 (2)

Peaches 277, 289, 295, 402

Pears 31, 233, 235, 289, 402

Peas 307, 383, 409

Peasant, of East and West, 141; Heroic 51; Hungry 145; and Lucifer match 233; Monuments to 67; "Peasant Sage of Japan" 7

Peasant Proprietors, see Tenants; 138-9, 184, 189, 261, 264, 284, 321, 364, 376, 378-9, 380 (4), 411

Peat, see Hokkaido, 194

Pedlars 315

Peers, School, 55, 102; Qualifications for House of 176

Pencils 272

Pensions 380

Peonies 256

People, Condition of, 262

Peppermint 381, 410

Perfection 283

Perry, Commander, 100, 124

Persimmons x, 13, 45, 61 (2), 152, 289, 320, 402

Persistence 328

Personalities 104

Perspiration 38

Pestalozzi, 220

Peter the Great 124

Petroleum 132

Phædo 203

Pheasants, see Hokkaido, 215

Philanthropy, see Charitable institutions; 41, 376

Philosophy 100, 102, 204, 206

Photographs xvi

Physique 16, 171, 193, 204, 284, 302, 322, 350, 364

Piano 99

Pickles 81, 110, 159, 268, 349

Picture postcards 148

Pigeons 215

Pigs, see Hokkaido; 27, 264, 347, 382 (2), 406

Pilgrims 20, 133, 142, 182, 210-1, 220, 252, 271, 302; and Prostitutes, 257

Pillow 109; slip 109

Pine 215, 248, 299, 316, 318, 394

Pipes 288

Pirates 214

Pistol 56

Pitt 9

"Places of distinction" 187; "Place of the Seven Peaks" 120

Plains 70

Planet 126

Plans 18

Plantain 122, 307

Plasters 267

Plato 96, 358

Players 115, 124-5, 245, 266; Playrooms 260

Ploughing, see Agriculture, Hokkaido, Paddies; Worship of 61, 87, 120

Plums 295, 307, 405

Poe 105

Poel, William, 114

Poet 27, 40, 135; Poems, see Song, Uta; 20, 61, 107, 109, 111, 136, 141, 183, 216, 288, 324; Poetry 313, 334

Poisonous plants 124

Pole and bucket 207

Police, see Arrests, Cells, Crime, Postponed offences, Prisoners, Theft; 20, 43-4, 53-4, 113, 116, 125, 140, 150, 235, 280; Influence of 118; Letters for 111; Offences 250; Shirakaba 103; at Theatre 115

Politeness 19, 40, 217, 251, 277, 317

Politics, see Franchise, "Direct Action"; 103, 104, 303; Local 284, 303; Slander 2

Pomegranate 52-3

Ponds, cleaned out free, 219

Pony, see Paddies; 227; at Shrine 116

Poor, see Farmers, Relief; 57, 63, 67, 94, 145, 149, 278, 320, 323; Cannot remain poor 67; Flattery of 94

Poore, Dr., 374

Population, see Birth and Death rates 160, 391; Census 393-4; Compared with Great Britain and U.S.A. 82, 385, 392; Cost of living and postponement of marriage 332 (2); Empire and its parts 391; Percentage Habitable compared with other Countries 392-3; How to support double 97; Increase of 89, 392-3-4; Increase compared with increase of Rice production 389; and Means of Production 332; Decrease of Rural 412; and Rural and Urban compared 412; Sexes 169; per square mile 392; per square kilometre compared with Belgium, England and Wales, Holland, Italy, Germany and France 392; Surplus 332, 360, 369, 413

Porcelain 39, 319

Pork 347, 350

Port Arthur 98; Ports, Open, 256

Porters 186

Porticoes 246

Portraits 38, 120, 143, 198

Portuguese 208, 346

Posterity 19

Post-impressionism 104

Potash 251

Potatoes 191, 194, 249; Irish 383, 409, 411; Sweet 146, 227, 309, 347, 381 (2), 383, 409, 411; Memorials 249

Pottery 99, 148

Poultry 7, 18, 39, 58, 264, 297, 304, 381-2 (2), 406; Pensions for 345 "Pouring water on a duck's back" 48

Poverty, see Poor

Power, Fundamental, 323

Prairie 71, 111

Prayer 141, 243-4, 272, 326

Preaching 3, 4, 5, 249, 270, 310, 314-15

Prefecture xxv

Prejudice 146, 363

Pre-nuptial relations, see Immorality

Presents 218, 271 (2), 329

Press, see Newspapers; Brains and circulation of 90; Dread of 41

Prices xxiv, 13; Prices in this book xxiv, 87-8; Rise in Prices 87-8

Priests, see Buddhist priest, Shinto priest; 1, 20, 45, 57, 139, 140, 149 (2), 180-1, 197, 212, 220, 247, 331, 412; Dress 25; Priest-craft 93; at Elections 250; Good deeds 324; Ignorance 120; and Illegitimate child 193; Income 42; Influence, Character and Education 41; Silent 189; Speech by 25; Talk with 1, 51, 59; Thieving 320; Thrifty 62; Wandering 315

Priggishness 362

Primitive belief, 323-4 (2)

Prisoners 307

Prize tax 21

Problems 95, 104

Prodigal 60

Production 26, 369, 414

Professors 42

Progress 63, 235, 279; Delayed by lack of money 97; Erroneous conception of 370; by means of horses 339

"Proof not argument" 343

Prospects 119

"Prosperity and welfare" 187

Prostitutes, see Hokkaido, Immorality; 56, 114, 132, 190, 192, 212, 222, 235, 243, 257, 325, 330, 376

"Protection for inoffensive people" 97

Protein, vegetable, 348-9

Protestants 362

Prothero, Sir G.W., 9

Proverbs, see Mottoes; 48, 57-8-9, 67, 109, 121, 123, 136, 141, 256-7, 307, 315, 343

Pruning 215

P.S.A. 275

Psychology of behaviour 167

Public benefit 374; Energy 371; Funds 371; Good 22, 201-3; Health, see Health, Public; Public man, Farmers' and Author's view, 9-10-11; Meetings 24, 170, 238; "Public Spirit and Public Welfare" 259; Opinion 41, 118, 135, 149, 203; Welfare 125; Work 303

Pumping, see Water-wheels, 64

Pumpkins 272

Punishment 112, 178

Puppies 345

"Purified in heart" 141; Purification 134; Puritans 95; Purity 151

"Push, push, push," 115

"Q" 203

Quaker 3, 6, 203

Quarrelling, see also Family discords; 54, 322

Queen Victoria 282

Querns 235

Questions 243, 303; difficulty of, 101; Questioning, lack of power of, 101

Rabbits 179

Race, Factories' effect on, 168-70; Method of gaining knowledge of another 200; Racial feeling 364

"Rael Christians" 63

Rafts 128

Railway 131-2,144,176,182, 208-9, 217, 243, 250, 251, 395

Rain 74, 137, 190, 285, 312, 345, 390-1 (3); Rain making 123, 137-8; Ducked figure 123

Rake's progress 317

Ram 343

Rammer 224

Ranks 251, 254

Rape seed 131, 381 (2), 409

Rapids 128; Rapid work 317

Rats 150, 185; Rat day 126

Ravine 152

Reading 279, 319

Reality 219

"Realm, Wounds of the," 309

Reclaimed land, see Land, new

Recreation and Immorality 149

Red Cross 124, 245

"Red worm" 282

Reed-covered buildings 84

"Reflecting and Examining" 135

Reformers and Bible 95

Reformer "St. Francis" 321

"Regent" 38

Reid, Sir G., 9

Reincarnation 344

Relief, see Kō, Poor, Tanomoshi; 189, 241, 258, 264, 311

Religion, see Hokkaido; 27, 63, 108, 120, 135, 140-1, 149, 179, 180, 200, 202, 203, 212, 258-9, 261, 302, 310, 323, 326, 327, 331, 362; and Agriculture 231; as Custom 327; "the Depths of the People" 93; Religious idea, the deepest 100; and Morality 259; Naturalness 99; New 212, 219; Primitive 323-4; Protecting Science 82; Reconciliation of 100; Revival 324; and Science 201; Not limited to Sects or Ideas 101; Substitutes for 63; and Taxation 212; Advantage of Variety 327; Western "too high" 259

Remarriage 197

Rembrandt 103, 105

Remoteness 127-8, 249

Rents, see Rice, Paddy; 23, 28-9, 38, 42, 73, 78, 86, 144, 186-7, 301-2

Reprimand, see Admonition, 187

Research work 158

Reservists 123, 133, 215

Residents abroad 410

Resolutions, see Good resolutions

Respect 37, 40, 324

"Responsibility for one's words" 240, 259

"Best after a meal," etc. 315

Restoration 395

Retainer 198

Reunion 313

Reverence 141, 273

"Revolution, Song of," 171

Rewards 213

"Ri away" 58

Rice, see Adjustment, Agriculture, Aqueduct, Barley, Hokkaido, Implements under their different names, Irrigation, Millet, Normal yield, Paddies, Ta, Tunnels, Water; 123, 127, 264, 268-9, 271, 321, 349, 389; Aeration of soil 20; America 365-6; Areas 132, 182, 193, 382-3 (2), 409; Agriculture based on 343; Air of rice fields 300; Altitude 123; "All members of family smiling" 137; Appearance 146, 298; Adjustment, see Adjustment, story 51; Compared with Barley and Wheat 70, 413; Barley substituted for 80, 85; Beauty of 76; Beri beri 79; Bowl 80-1; Cakes 80; California 365-6; Ceremonies 50, 82; Certificates 185; Climate 197, 391; Collecting 229; Consumption 81, 86, 127, 351, 366, 387; Cooking 351; Crop 68, 70, 193, 209, 364-5, 387-8, 410; Cost of production 383; Cultivation 18, 19, 20; Daimyo's test 79; Dealers 78, 186; Deficit 388; Disease 207, 238; Distance apart 130; Dog's food 345; Drying 77, 120, 207-8; "Ears bend as ripen" 137; more Eaten 85; Emigration and 363; Etiquette, 81; Engineering 52; Everywhere paddies 121; Exports 86, 388; Flavour, see Saigon, Rangoon, California, 366, 382, 389; Flowering 196, 391; Foreign 81; Gemmai 79; "Girl to boil" 351; Goddess 312; Glutinous 69, 382-3; Gohei 185; Gohan 79; Government action 48, 86, 390; Granary, see Government action; Hakumai 79; Hand mills 78; "Hanging ears" 76; Hantsukimai 79; Harvest 76, 77, 86, 386; Heavy cropping power 70; Heroic peasants 51; Husking 77, 382-3; Imports 86, 136, 351, 388; Indigestion 81; Insects 74, 201, 250; Italy 365-6; Japanese v. foreign production 366; Kew plants 70; Day's labour to produce 1 chō 385; Land available 368; "Last straw" 77; League for Preventing Sales at a Sacrifice 384; Licences 185; Locusts 20; Mangoku Doshi 78; Manure, see Manure, 20; Market 186; Mat for workers 125; Momi 79; Names, see Varieties, 79, 387; and Oatmeal 81-2; Ordinary 382-3; "Paddy" 69; Opening a new Paddy 24; Phial of old 40; Polishing 78-9 (2), 186; Porters 186; Prefectures where most is grown 68; Prices 85 (2) -6 (2) -7, 351, 383-4, 389, 390; Profitable 358; Production 351, and population increased 84; Prizes at shows 9; Qualities, see Varieties, 185; Rangoon 388; Red 56; Rent rice, Inferiority of, see Rent, 23; Reservoirs 210; Respect for 185; Right crop for Japan? 413; Riots 87; Rotting 76; Saigon 366, 388; Salt water, Testing with, 30; School fees 239; Seasons 69; Seed 177, 208, 387; at Shrine 116 (2), 118; Soaking pond 74; Soft for Invalids 81; Song 83; Sowing 386, Direct 387; State 84; Statistics, see Appendix, 84, 86; Storehouses 48, 86, 185; at Table 80, 91; Tastiness 81; for Temple 220; Terraces 149; Texas 365-6; Threshing 77-8, 241; Tickets 185; Transplanting 20, 386-7; Tub 81; Two hundred and tenth day 76; Uncleaned 382-3; Unpolished 78; Upland 69 (2), 73, 383; U.S. area and crop 366; Varieties, see Qualities, 69, 132; Weeding 20, 75; Weight of Bale 302; Wet 76, 77; Rice v. Wheat 351; Wind 20, 76, 219, 220, 259; Winnowing 78, 207; Yahagi, Dr., 366; Yields 69, 175, 382-3; Compared with Increase of Population 389

"Rich are not so rich" 127; "Rich cannot remain rich" 67; Riches 58; "Richer after the fire" 59

Richo 106

Rickets 268

Riding, see Hokkaido; 194

Rifles 151, 282

Rin 191, 211, 271

Ring 128

Riots 87

Rise in prices, see Prices

Rivers, see Hokkaido; 72, 93, 262, 390; Beds, see Floods, 111

R.L.S. 189

Roads 122, 128, 130, 194, 219, 224, 240, 246, 287; Mending free, 219, for Rates, 245

Robbers 195, 225, 277

Robes 2, 270; of Honour 187

Rodin, 103

Roka 375

Roman Catholics 141, 362; Rome 198

Ronin, Forty-seven, 333

Ron yori shoko 343

Roof makers 268; Roofs 153

"Room of Patience" 179

Roosevelt 159

Rope, see Straw, 215; Making 177; Straw (Shinto) 223

Rose 213, 290; Rate of growth 242

Rosebery, Lord, 9

Rotation 309

Rothamsted 370

Route plans 18

Rubbish, Production of, 369

Ruddigore 274

Running about 34

Rural, and urban population compared, 364, 412; "Bondage" 331; Districts' relation to national welfare 369, 370-1; Exodus 284; Life, Most difficult question in Japan, 303; Exhibition 60; Aim of Progress 27; Rake's progress 60; Sociology iv, ix, 85, 192

Rush, see I, 410

Russia, see Hokkaido; 194, 328; Cruiser 248; Novelists 99; Prisoners 307; War 85, 187, 286, 311; Writers 327

Rye 381 (2)

Sacred boat 257; Grove 146; Sacredness of work 94

Sacrifice 101; for father, husband, children, 102

Sacrilege 134

Saddles 269

Sages 108

Saghalien 290, 336, 390-1

Saigon, see Rice

Sailing craft 208-9; Ships 235

Sailors 211

Sails, Western for Japanese, 208

St. Francis 106, 321-2

Saints 107

Saitama 107, 146, 309, 313

Sakaki 137

Saké, see Drunkenness; 18, 46, 57, 79, 116 (2), 118-9, 136, 180, 184, 213, 215, 254-5, 267, 271, 303, 305, 313, 349 (2), 380, 396

Salads dangerous 350

Sale, C.V., xii, 364

Salt 36, 251, 268, 349

Salvation Army, see Hokkaido

Samurai 25, 53, 92, 141, 238, 243, 319, 395; Scholar's kakemono 150

Sanitary Committee 123

Sanitation, Western 375

Sanka 110

Sappy growth 368

Sato, Dr., see Hokkaido; 386

Savages 141

Savings 302; Bank book 126; Collected 230

Saxby 167

Sayings, see Proverbs

Scale 289

Scandinavia 413

Scapegoat 212

Scarecrows 198

Scenery 119, 152; Characteristic 244

Schools, see Children, Teachers, Schoolmasters; 15, 41, 113, 144, 212; Agricultural 50, 375; Influence of 57; Attendance 112, 123, 264; Barefoot drill 64; Boys 38; Boys' badges 221; Buildings 112-3; Care of 112; Children (Heights, weights and physique) 404; Cleaned by children 112; Compulsory attendance 113; Co-operative 30; Counsels 112, 124; Early age of attendance 301; Ethics 361; Farm 127, 177; Fees 239, 264, 314; For girls' 47; Girls' badge 285; Influence of 118; Masters, see Teachers, 20, 57, 61, 118, 140; Maps 127; Military relics 286; Morality 149; Mottoes 112, 124; Order 127; Poor 325; Portraits 124; Pride in 112; Punishments 112, 178; Rainy days 185; in temple 137; Truants 285; Shrines 113; Salutes 286; Spartan conditions 50, 307; Swedish drill 64; Training 169; Tree planting 121; Vacation for helping with crops 127; Winter arrangements 127

Science 369; and Religion 82, 201; and Farmers 158; Scientific truth 206; Scientists 100

Scolding 149

Scotland 290, 358

Scott San no Okusan (Mrs. Scott) v

Screen over streets 209

Sculpture 102

Scythe 196, 367, 385

Sea 108, 332; Beach sleeping 312; Deities and 257; Gains from 207; Weed 43, 128, 349

Seals 25

Seats 124

Secondary Industries 23, 65, 195, 232, 251, 279, 310, 379, 385

Secret Ploughing Society 311

Sects, see under names of; 149, 212

Seeds, Better, 85, 370; "Seed" (silkworm eggs), see Sericulture

Seiho, Takeuchi 344

Sei-kō U-doku 310

Seishu 396

Self affirmation 101; Command 280; Control 16, 151, 157, 193; Denial 101; Discipline 301; Government 236; Realisation 101, 124, 125; Respect 16, 369; Self supporting but underfed 261

Self Help, see Hokkaido; 60, 288

Semi 344

Semi-official 276

Sencha 294, 403

Sendai 118, 198, 268

Seniors and juniors 216

Sensei 12, 202, 300

Sentiment 182, 203; Latent 324

Seppuku 54-5, 333

Sericulture, see Factories (Silk), Industry, Silk (below); 140, 237, 264-5; Advantage to Farmers 85; Aptitude 153; Beef tea 158; Books for young men 22; Ceremonies 50; Cocoons 87, 150, 160, 404, (Co-operation 22, Killing 22, 159, Production and price 397, Retardation and Stimulation 397, Shape 155, Stores 147, Where most are produced 153;) Co-operation 160; Disease 157-8; Eggs 150, 153-4, 156-7, 160; Feeding 153; Girl Collectors 161; Hatching 154, 397-8; Hard work 153; How sericulture districts are distinguishable 153; Instruction, capacity for, 158; Japan's advantages and disadvantages 397; Licences 157; Losses 155; Mating 155-6; Microscopic examination 157; Moths 155-6-7; Mulberry 157, 397-8; Nagano 161; New thing 158; Prices 157; Purification 158; Pupæ 158; Rearing 154; Risks 157; Season 397; "Seed," see Eggs; Prospects of, 160; Quick profits 149; Silkworms, 22, 89, 158, 278; Science 157-8; Soap 158; Students 158; Temperature 153; Wind holes 397; Yamanashi 161. --Silk 158, 160; Artificial 160; Clothing 346, 356; Consumption 398; Export 398; Government 398; Institutes 150; Japanese export compared with other countries 153, 396; Machinery 159; Prefectures in which grown 146; Production 398; Rise in prices 87; Testing 159; U.S.A. 398; World market 65

Sermons, see Preaching, 58

Servants 280, 374

Service 319; by hosts 31

Sesame 220

Sewing 127

Sex 101, 189, 274, 282

Sexes, see Bath, Bathing; 269, 315; Balance of 169; Curiosity 101; Kept apart 313; Ill-doing little concealed 101; Numbers of 74; Relations of 322; Relations, no liberty in, 102; Sex life and Japanese cults 97

Shakespearean scenes 31, 276

Shanghai 133

Sheep, see Hokkaido; 240, 343, 347, 352-3-4, 406; Bureau 352; Day 126; Milk 347

Shelley 99

Shi xxvi

Shidzuoka 25, 63, 210, 283, 292, 396

Shiga, Professor, 410

Shikoku 207, 358, 379, 390, 391-2, 402

Shimane 222, 243, 253

Shimoneseki 237

Shin heimin 400

Shingon 134, 211, 220, 269

Shinjū 102

Shinshu 2, 3, 134, 197, 222, 240

Shinto 12, 19, 83, 96, 205 (2), 322, 326; Architecture 251; Ceremonies 45, 79, 82, 117, 275; Deities 244; Festival 192, 221; Shintoists 91; Priests 82-3, 113, 118, 134, 194. 258, 266, 271, 302-3; Sects 134; Shelf, value of, 273; Shrines x, 16, 18, 22, 29, 45, 57, 75, 82, 94, 116, 123, 126, 130, 144 (2), 147, 186, 205, 220, 244, 251, 259, 263, 264, 266 (3), 269, 271, 299, 300: "The centre of the village" 259; Closing of 133-4; Produce at 177; Seed from 59

Shipping, Foreign, 256

Shirakaba 102

Shirakawa 175

Shrine, see Buddhist shrine, Shinto Shrine; 120 (8), 127, 138, 206, 211, 219, 236, 237, 245, 256, 324, 326; Advertisement of 287; and gasometer 286; and immorality 257, 307, 325-6; Bowls at, 203; Communal 315; Family 38-40; Mothers before 142, 287, 325

Shōchū 396

Shoes, see Boots, 236, 283-4, 45

Shogun 144, 150, 220, 333, 335

Shōji, see Hokkaido for Windows; 36, 248, 257, 277, 286

Shonai 182

Shooting 215

Shopkeepers 189, 213; Diligent 17; With land 267

Shorts, Bathing, 312

Shows, see Rural Life Exhibition; 9, 23, 58, 60, 103, 116, 258

Shōyū, see Soy

Shu 334

Shuku 222

Siam 127, 388

Siberia 388, 390, 410

Sick relief 185

Sickles, see Paddies; 196, 227, 363, 385

Sieve 216

"Sight of a good man enough" 24

Signs, Shop, 245

"Silent Trade" 122

Silver 124, 396

Silver Birch Society 102

Si monumentum 31

Simplicity 50, 186; of living 38; in Old Japan 240, 243

Sincerity 20, 21, 124, 181; "On the edge of the mattock" 136

"Sinful man, I am," 26

Singapore 57

Singing 17, 308

Sirens, guns and gods, 237

Sitting 124

Skating 152

Ski-ing 140

Skill 317; "Skill in manufacture" 356

"Slave system" 287; "Slaves of their husbands" 143

Sledge 183; on beach 312

Sleep 25

"Sly" 283

Smallholders' incomes 184; Smallholdings, see Farmer; and country 368; Condition of success 89; in Great Britain 368

Smells, see Manure; "They smell" 142

Smiling 288, 321

Smoking 137, 142, 258, 288

Smollett 80, 144

Snail 107

Snakes 287; Day 126

Snapping turtle 136

Snow, see Hokkaido; 120, 123, 132, 140, 182, 278, 391; Shelters 140, 176, 190

Snowdon 394

Soap 158

Social Conditions 88; Development 206, 365; Ideals 361; Intercourse 374, 378; Obligation exploited 369; Reform and Christianity 362; Question, see Hokkaido, 104; Status, changes in, 62, 376

Socialism 171, 328; League 171

Society 101, 182; Restrictions 102; Societies 214, 312; "For Aiming at being Distinguished" 124; "for Developing Knowledge" 124; "for Knowledge and Virtue" 124; for Rice cultivation by Schoolboys 19; for Visiting other Prefectures 189; of householders 214; of primary school graduates 124; to reward virtue 214; to console old people 214

Sociologist, A joy to 72; Rural 85

Socrates 203

Soda water 130 Sō desuka? 193

Soil 307; and farmers' character 25; Barren 195; Dark 309; Improvement of 298; Volcanic 309, 313-4

Sojo, Toba 344

Soldiers, see Conscripts; 18, 58, 187; farms 311

"Something that doth linger" 145

Son, see Eldest brother; Eldest, 329; and father 205 (2); Son's death 273; "Son tiller" 37

Son, xxvi, -chō 140 Song 224, 313; of insects 344; of Revolution 171; of rice planters 83; Western 288

Sorrow 273

Sosen 344

Soul 321

Soups 110

South America 176, 249, 352, 410; South Seas 223

Southend 329

Soy 213, 349, 350, 381 (2), 383; Soya bean 146, 295, 409, 411

Spade, see Paddies; 385; Farming 362

Spanish 346; Spaniards 208

Sparrows 107, 199

Speaking 24, 238; Way of, to peasants, 94

Special tribes 221, 241, 248 Speculation 2; Speculator and shrine 325

Speech, see Author, Lectures, Speaking; 26, 238, 279; Unnecessary 26

Spelling, English, 301

Spiders' big webs 248

Spirea 122

Spirit 50, 61, 67, 100; Spirits 130; Spirit meeting 36; of Japan 323; Spiritual betterment 95; Dryness 27; Spirituality 203, 206, 322-3, 361; Why slackened 100

Spitting pot 58, 183

Spontaneity 99

Spraying 290

Spring 214

Squashes 146, 347

Squid, see Cuttlefish, Octopus; 46, 228

Stage, movable, 115; Women on, 255

Standard of living, see Living standard; 365, 378-9, 380-1-2; and Emigration 363

"Standing on householder's head" 242

"Standing Peasant" 137

Stanhope, Lady Hester, 170

Starr, Dr., 326

State Colonisation 312; Statesmen and Industrialism 369

Statistics, see Appendix; 62, 297; and Feeling 1; Mistakes in 404

Statues 45, 222

Stealing, see Thefts, Crime; Boys, 287

Steel 396

Steps 211

Sterilisation 159, 348

Steward's broom, 135

Still births 114, 393

Stockades 132

Stock-keeping, see Hokkaido, 133

Stomach-ache 350 (2), 351

Stones, cutters, 267; Memorial 133; Pile of 110

Storehouses 48, 86

Storeys 153

Storms 316, 391

Stoves 358

Strachey, J. St. Loe 9

Strategic zone 237

Straw, see Hats, Cloaks, Mantles; 73, 208, 367; Rope 65; Sleeping in 184; Wrappings for trees 215

Stream, Cleaning, 186

Streamers 136

Streets, Narrow, 209, 235

Strindberg 99

Stroking 142

Students 150, 152, 159, 195, 220, 300; Abroad 291, 402; Character 50; Grants to, 403; Guild 50; Holidays 137; Promises to one another 8; Sympathetic attitude 254

Sty 27

Subscriptions 281, 314 (2), 315

Subservience 231

Sugar 46, 210, 349 (2), 354, 409

Suicide 55; for love 102

Sulphate of ammonia 386; Sulphur 109; Sulphuric acid water 177

Summer 390

Sumo, see Wrestlers

Sun, 126 (2), 372; God worship 323; Waiting for the, 323; Sunshine 76-7, 304; "and rice may be found," etc., 109; Sunday 126, 159

Sung 105

Superior person 254

Superphosphate 386

Superstition 41, 148 (3), 206, 208, 326

"Surface beautiful" 327

Suspension bridges 126

Suwas 151; Suwa Lake 152

Swallows 94, 223

Swamps 199

Swearing 48

Sweat and be saved 169

Swedenborg 99

Sweeping earth 31, 227; Symbolical 135

Sweethearts 302

Sweets 17, 19, 267, 346, 383; Shop girls 17

Swine, see Pigs Swiss 290; Switzerland 368

Swords 36

Symbolism, Foreign, 127

Sympathy 272-3

Synge, J.M., 99, 282

Syphilis, see Gonorrhœa, 126, 211, 326

System 328

Ta 68

Tabi 312, 317

Table, One long, 95

Tablets 314 (3)

Tabu 117, 235-6, 258

Tacitus 357

Tagore 99

Tai 297

Taiko, 66

Taisho 39

Taiwan, see Formosa

Tajima 402

Takamatsu 209

Takaoka, Professor, 381 Talking foolishly 197; "Talking with my wife" 61; Talk 201

Taming 248

Tan, see Agriculture

Tang 105

Tangerines 289

Tanomoshi 62, 182, 185

Taoist 106

Taro 48, 220, 258, 309, 409

Task, Summons from common, 310

Tatami, see Mats; 50, 142, 198, 345

Taxation 46, 65, 73, 85, 124, 176, 180, 284, 302, 307, 380, 389, 395, 404; Voluntary 21; Freedom from 43; and Religion 212; Largest taxpayer 216

Tea 42, 110, 123, 146, 199, 287, 298, 307, 349, 409; and cake 258; Experiment stations 295; Export 403; Growing and making 292; Prefectures 283, 403; Tea Ceremony, see Cha-no-yu; Houses 2, 19, 57, 130 (2), 149, 264, 277, 303, 325

Teachers, see Schools, Schoolmasters; 27, 112, 282, 308, 321, 399, 412

Technology xiii, 28

Teeth 143, 321

Teetotalism 255

Teikoku Nōkai 320

Telegraph wire 223

Temper, Better without meat, 268

Temperance, see Teetotalism

Temperature, see Heat; 195, 390-1

Temples, see Buddhist temples, Buddhism; 20, 31, 37, 45, 57-8 (2), 62, 149, 183, 196, 206, 210, 220, 263-4, 369; Bell 331; Dues 139, 380; Government attitude, 41; New, 41; Priest's house in 4; Services 3; Schools 137; "Temples, Shrines and English church" 100

Ten years hence, see Time; 100, 324, 357

Tenants, see Agriculture, Hokkaido, Farmers, Landlords; 37, 42, 152 (2), 189, 194-5, 213, 223, 258, 261, 263, 265, 283, 301-2, 364, 376, 411; as "Labourers" 88, 395; Condition of 207, 304-5, 379, 380 (3)-1; Contract 405; Common interests with landlord 229-30; Eating cattle food 379; Gifts to landlord 31; Movement against landlords, see Tenants' movement (Landlords); Rewarded 33, 187; Sly 28; Transference to Peasant Proprietorship 29-30 (2), 31

Tendai 220

Tenison xiv

Tennis 159

Tera 134

Terauchi 390

Terence 107

Terracing 149, 227

Texas 365-6

Thanks not to be accepted 26

Thatch 153, 281, 286

Theatre 115, 266, 305; and Police 53; Moving 115; Stamp on hands 115

Theft, see Crime; 113, 139, 195, 280 (2)

Theine 292, 403

Theology 362; Natural 141

Thermometer 137

"They feel the mercy of the sun" 321

"Thirteen a perilous age" 130

Thistles 307

Thompson, Francis, 99

"Those who suffer learn," etc., 253

"Thou also dwellest," 106

"Though hands and feet," etc., 324

Thought changes really slow 331

Threshing 208, 367; Machinery, 78

Threshold 242

Thrift 11, 12, 13, 30-1, 48, 50, 60-1, 124, 187

Thunderbolts 131

Thyme 290

Tidal waves 62, 93

Tidiness 19

Tiger-day 126

Tiles 153, 245

Timber 111, 122, 128, 194, 227

Time, see Ten years hence; 252, 292

Tintoretto 103

"Tipped with fire" 27

Tipping 145, 148

Toast 80

Tobacco 177, 267, 349, 379, 380, 400

Tochigi 107, 309

Toes 317

Tōfu 81, 311, 349, 350

Tokobashira, see Tree in room

Tokonoma 32, 319

Tokugawa Iyesato, Prince, x; Tokugawa period 8, 285, 363

Tokushu buraku 400

Tokushima 207, 209

Tokyo xxvi, 26, 38, 55, 66, 71-2, 102, 107, 144, 182, 227, 249, 260, 286, 289, 292, 299, 309, 313, 318, 322, 331, 334, 349, 387, 391 (2); Population 392; University 145

Tolstoy, see Hokkaido; 25, 27, 94, 200, 321, 327

Tombstones 72

"Too near to criticise" 331; "Too poetical" 254

Tools, see Paddies, Implememts; 174, 222, 301, 317

Top, Movement from, 30, 204

Torii 236, 251, 325

Torrens 170

Tottori 253, 255, 402

Tourist steamers 237

Towels 16, 31, 148, 183, 286, 295

Town life, True character of, 180; Townsman envied 180; Townsman v. Countryman 233

Toyama 132, 138

Toyo-ashiwara, etc., 68

Trachoma 183, 405

Trade Unions, see Labour; U.S. and 170; Tradesmen 189; Tradesmen's boys 315

Tradition, Family, 149

Traherne, 99

Training, Home, 149

Tramps 315, 376

Transactions of Society of Arts, see Asiatic; 364

Translations 401

Travel, see Trips; 216, 269; Counsel 110; Old time 246; Postgraduate 29

Trees, see Varieties of, under names, 62, 147, 227, 316; Cutting down 13; Dwarfed 52; Homesteads studded 146, 307; in the house 319; Moving 210; Mushrooms 110; Planting, see Afforestation, 45, 67, 121, 240; in Room 319; Symbolical 12, 121; Pictures 215; Trimmed 77; in Winter 215

"Tremble and correct their conduct" 113

Trips 18

Troubler of Israel 90

Trousers 111, 269, 310, 312

Truth 161

Tsingtao 58

Tsushima 248, 335

Tuberculosis 398, 406

Tunnels 52, 132, 149, 152, 176, 190, 197

Tumours 268

Turnips 410

Twelve hours' day, U.S. and, 170

Types (Racial) 204

Typhoons 93

Tytler 207

Uchimura, Kanz=o, see also Hokkaido; 90-7, 99, 101, 141, 326-7, 362

Ueda Sericulture College 158-9

Umbrellas 198, 250, 285

Unclean 208

Undercooking 350

Underfeeding 350

Understanding, see West and East

Uninhabitable, see also Area habitable; 394; compared with Great Britain 394

United States 328, 388; and British Interests in Far East xv; and Japan xv; Government xiv; and twelve hours' day 170; Steel Corporation 170

Universe 7, 321

Universities 300, 403

Unmarried 393

Unworldliness 28 Upland, see also Rice; 372; Hata 68; Area 385; Area ploughed by cattle 385; Profit of 194; Value of 402

Upper class reformers 30

Usury 38, 56, 176, 184, 185

Uta 324

Utilisation of waste, see Waste; 48

Vacation, see Schools

Valerius 45

Valleys 372

Van Eyck 103

Van Gogh 103

Vaughan 99

Veal 349

Vegetable protein 348-9

Vegetables 18, 85, 307, 349 (2), 389; at Shrine 16, 83; Salted 196

Vegetarianism 57, 59, 130, 147, 270, 321, 348

Venus 214

Vetch 263

Veterinary surgeon 268

Views 119

Village activities 250; Association for promoting morality 20; Callings 189; Cleaning stream 186; Conditions 322; Discords 305; Founders 265; Funds 124, 279; Histories 57; Ideal 104; Improvement of 28; Library 59; Mobilisation 241; Meetings 20, 278; Model 259, 380; Number of Houses in 262; Office 314; Praised and rewarded 41; Reformed 47; Return to 88; Revenue 124; Signs of being well off 263-4; Signs of good 259; Tax free 21; Troubles 278; Unified by removal of graves 72; Wanted one good personality in 259; Villagers, not educated enough to understand, 26, 341; Savings 230; Taxes in work 245; Worthy 22

Village Agricultural Association 22-3, 30, 215, 250, 303, 380

Village assembly 123, 133, 215 Villages, see Famine, Revenue, Sanitary Committee, Societies, Taxation; xxvi, 16, 18, 43, 134

Vine branches 209

Virtue, see Morality; 140; Supreme 120; Taught by hands 50

Vladivostok 214

Voelcker, Dr., 370

"Voice of one," etc., 136 Volcanic ash 70; Eruption grants 312; Soil 309, 313

Volcanoes, see Earthquakes, Hokkaido; 108, 131, 143, 316, 390, 394

Voters, see Franchise; 124, 400

Votive pillars 211; clock 252

Vow 255

Vulgar words 18

Waist string 307

Waitresses 212, 315, 322, 376; and Foreigners 101

Waley, A., 320

"Walking out" 313, 315

Wall builders 267; Wall charts 124

Wallace, Robert, viii

Wallas, Graham, 86

War 203, 311, 354, 414; and this book xxv, 87-8; Bonds 187; China 85; Counsels 187; Great War x, 206; Russia, see Russia, 21, 85, 91

Waraji 15, 129, 209, 272, 279, 326

Washing 45, 317, 354; Washouts 182

Waste 70, 324, 385; of time xi; Planting of, see Afforestation; Utilisation of 48, 178

Wastrels, see Hokkaido

Watakushi 301

Watchword 259

Water 64, 126, 132-3, 262, 298-9, 390; Colours 286; Dangerous 108, 350; "Water drinker" 258; Hot piped 248; Pollution 350; On roof 177; Wheels 216, 263; Splashing quarrels 48; Works 52

Wax and trees 219, 400, 410

Weather, see Climate; 86, 136, 391

Weddings, see Marriages; 66, 265, 302, 332, 379; Tax 21

Weeds, see Paddies; 228, 263, 307, 314, 366, 385; "Weeding in happiness" 137

Week 126

"Weep not," etc., 224; Weeping 25

Weights 350, 404; Lifting 16; and Measures xxv

Welcome tea 148

Well off 204, 264 (2), 370

Wells 27, 207

Wells, H.G., viii

West and East, Elemental things 6; Glamour 369; Importance of problem vii; Real barrier xii Western art 102; Costumes 101; Dancing 101; Civilisation 186; Eroticism 101; Ideas 201; Influence 174, 330, 369; Literature 102; Music 102; Painting 102; Philosophy 102; Sculpture 102; Thought 55

Wet, see Climate

"What a happy life" 183

Wheat 307, 351 (2), 381 (2), 391, 409-10; Compared with Rice 351, 383; Imports 383

Whitman, Walt, 99 (2), 105

"Why do you wear," etc., 288; "Why fasten your horse," etc., 288

Widows 111, 197

Wild people 110

Wilkstroemia Sikokiana, see Gampi

Will 19, 314

Windbreaks 248; Mills 152, 251; and Taxes 259

Windows 358

Winnowing 215, 220

Winter 278, 282, 390, 413; Crop 384-5-6

Wisdom or Riches 61

Wit 191

Wives, see Marriage, Wedding; 143; "Please teach her" 6

Women, see Farmers' wives, Nurses, Paddies, Porters, Teachers, Wives; 34, 205, 212; Barbers 224; British Exploitation of 170; Carriage of 268; Children on back 97; Women's Chivalrous Society 312; Clothing 125; Cooking 136; Crime against 114, 229; on dam and dyke 43, 224; Diseases 268; Exploitation of 173; Fisher women 235; Individualism 102; Influence of Christianity 94 (2), 95; Kindness 31; Labourers 323; Women's Movement 290; and Men 102, 169, 290; New openings for 255; Number of Workers 168-9, 399; One Heart Society 312; Overworked 114; Press 181; Praying 243; and Priest 4; Priest 120; Primitive conditions 216, 247; Obstacles to Agricultural progress 232; Public life 300; Same implements as husband 97; Savings not used by men 126; Story of old woman 323; Religious Association 58; Self-suppression 290; Strength 269; Suffering 181, 290; Trousers, see Trousers, 111; compared with Western 290; Western costumes 101; Wives, see Wives, 293; Work 278

Wood 110, 126, 196, 372; Cutters 267; Divided up, Result, 306; and Grain crops 309; Preservation 227; Quantity needed 111; Utensils 121; Wealth of 122; Workers 121; White (Shinto) 46, 83

Wool 133, 346, 352-3-4-5-6-7; v. Cotton and Silk 356; Woollen factories compared with English 354-7; Industry 354-5-6-7, 407

Woolman, John, vi

Work, for common good 19; to Gain influence 321; Good 317; Hard 125, 284; "Make the young fellows" 259; Sacredness of 94; Workers 218, City 87-8; Workmen good 317

World, Attitude, 371; Better world 90, 202

Worship 141, 244, 271, 324, 326

"Would that my daughter," etc. 183

"Wounds of the realm" 309

Wren 31

Wrens 287

Wrestlers 16, 28, 108, 179, 196, 249, 276, 316, 404

Wrist development 16

Writing 17, 288, 311; "Penmanship is like," etc., 288

Yahagi, Dr., 366

Yam 258

Yamagata 175, 176, 182, 189, 193, 302, 380

Yamaguchi 235, 237

Yamanashi 146

Yamasaki, N., 11, 17, 25, 37, 47, 51, 54, 63, 375

Yamato damashii ix, 140

Yamato Society 413

Yanagi, M., 98-106, 326-7; Mrs. 99

Yangtse 390

Yashiki (mansion) 369

Yashiro 134

Yeats, W.B., 99

Yeddo, see Tokyo, Yezo; 144, 335

Yields, see Agriculture, Crops and names of

Y.M.A. 7, 15 et seq., 22, 23, 28, 46, 120 (2), 124, 126, 128, 178, 194, 197, 212, 215, 223, 239, 265, 286; Criticism of 259, 277 (2), 282, 303; Official action 240; Y.M.C.A. 15; Y.W.A. 19; Y.W.C.A. 15

Yo 126

Yofuku, see Foreign clothes

Yokohama 182, 392

Yokoi, Dr., 362

Yoroshii 280

Yoshida, S., 332

Yosōgi 66

Young, Arthur, ix

Young men 135, 181; and Women, see Sexes, 313; with a mission 324

Yukata 108, 356

Zabuton 34, 143, 246, 258

Zeeland 197

Zen 11, 100, 130, 134, 144, 186, 193, 245, 313

Zig-zag tracks 140

Zori 65, 236

Zorn 327

The following typographical errors or inconsistencies were corrected: Page xv (Introduction), 315: The name Kanzō Uchimura did not have a macron over the o, but it did in the index and two other locations in the text, and it was confirmed from another source, so the macrons were edited in. Page xv (Introduction): The term 'kōri' (division of a prefecture) did not have the macron, but it did in the index; also confirmed from another source, so put the macron character in. In four places, the term 'gunchō' (head of a county) did not have a macron over the o, but in five other places, it did, so I have edited the word on pages 51, 52, and 56, and in the index. Page 55: Changed 'familar' to 'familiar'. Page 125: The term 'jizō' did not have a macron over the o, but it did in another location and in the index, so I edited it. Page 226: Changed 'instal' to 'install'. Page 315: The term 'kakkō' (cuckoo) did not have a macron over the o, but it did in the index, and I determined from another source that it should have the macron, so I edited it. Index: various hyphenated words did not have hyphens in the index entries, edited in the hyphens. Index: Entry for 'Cimabue' should not have accented e (confirmed from another source) so corrected it. Index: Entry for 'furoshiki' had two i's at the end; confirmed with another source it should only have one i at the end; corrected. Index: Entry for 'genshitsu' was mis-spelled, confirmed from another source, corrected. Index: Entry for phrase 'Getsu-yo-bi' was mis-spelled, obvious from the text in the book, so corrected. Index: phrase 'Okunitama-no-miko-no-kami mis-spelled, corrected.' Index: entry for phrase 'Sei-kō U-doku' did not have a macron but in the book it did, so edited the index entry. Index: entry for phrase 'Tokushu buraku' was mis-spelled, confirmed from another source, corrected. Index: entry for word 'yofuku' had macron over the o here, but not anywhere in the book, so it was made consistent by using a normal o. Index: The name 'Yosōgi' had the macron over the first o instead of the second one, inconsistent with the other index listing and the chapter text, so the index entry was corrected. The Chapter title does not use a macron at all, and has been left as printed. Index: Entry for 'Yukata' should not have a macron on the u - verified this from another source, made correction.]