Appendix D

BIBLIOGRAPHY

A. General Bibliography of the chief and most recent works. Many have bibliographies of earlier works.

1. TASCHENBERG (1880), Die Flöhe. Halle.

Although the author only describes 30 species, his book forms the basis of all subsequent scientific work. He divides fleas into (a) chigoes, (b) non-chigoes. Plates. Bibliography. References to 73 earlier writers.

2. KARSTEN (1864), Beitrag zur Kenntniss des Rhyncoprion penetrans. Bull. Soc. Imp., Moscou. Vol. XXXVII., p. 72.

A full account of the life and habits of the chigoe. Many references to older writers and travellers.

3. WAGNER (1889), Aphanipterologische Studien. Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross. Vol. XXIII., p. 199; (1893) Vol. XXVII., p. 347; (1898) Vol. XXXI., p. 539; (1902) Vol. XXXV., p. 17; (1903) Vol. XXXVI., p. 125.

A series of learned papers by a professor at the Russian University of Kieff. He has also written in Russian.

4. DAMPF (1907), Die Ost-und Westpreussische Flohfauna. Schriften der Physik.-ökonom. Gesellschaft zu Königsberg-i-Pr., XLVIII. Jahrgang, p. 388.

Contains an excellent general account of our present knowledge of fleas. Short Bibliography.

5. DAMPF (1910), Palæaeopsylla Klebsiana n. sp. ein fossiler Floh aus dem baltischen Bernstein. Schriften der Physik.-ökonom. Gesellschaft zu Königsberg-i-Pr., LI. Jahrgang, II. 248.

Good plates of the fossil flea in amber.

6. OUDEMANS (1909), Neue Ansichten über die Morphologie des Flohkopfes sowie über die Ontogenie, Phylogenie und Systematik der Flöhe. Novitates Zoologicæ, Vol. 16, p. 133.

Suggests a new classification based on the morphology of the head, viz. (1) Integricipita; (2) Fracticipita. By the chief authority on fleas in the Netherlands. He has also written numerous papers in Dutch.

7. JORDAN and ROTHSCHILD (1908), Revision of the non-combed eyed Siphonaptera. Parasitology, Vol. I., p. 1. Plates. Bibliography.

An excellent piece of work, which includes an account of the plague fleas.

8. JORDAN and ROTHSCHILD (1906), A Revision of the Sarcopsyllidæ. Thompson Yates and Johnston Laboratories Reports, Vol. VII., p. 15. Plates. Bibliography.

The best modern account of the chigoes.

9. BAKER (1904), A revision of American Siphonaptera or Fleas together with a complete list and bibliography of the group. Proc. U.S. National Museum, Vol. XXVII., p. 365. Plates. Bibliography of special papers only.

The earlier references, beginning 1699, mostly from Taschenberg.

10. BAKER (1905), The Classification of the American Siphonaptera. Proc. U.S. National Museum, Vol. XXIX., p. 121.

Gives an index of hosts and their fleas. Additional bibliography.

11. ROTHSCHILD (1898), Contributions to the knowledge of the Siphonaptera. Novitates Zoologicæ, Vol. 5, p. 533; (1900) FURTHER CONTRIBUTIONS, etc., Vol. 7, p. 539; (1903) Vol. 10, p. 317; (1904) Vol. 11, p. 602; (1905) Vol. 12, pp. 153 and 479; (1907) Vol. 14, p. 329; (1909), Vol. 16, pp. 53, 57, 61, and 332; (1906) Notes on Bat-fleas, Vol. 13, p. 186.

These papers contain, for the most part, descriptions of new species in the writer’s collection. Many fine plates illustrating morphology and structure of the external skeleton.

B. The following references are to papers on the systematic position of the Siphonaptera and their relationship to other insects.

1. KRAEPELIN (1884), Ueber die systematische Stellung der Puliciden. Hamburg, 1884.

2. PACKARD (1894), The Systematic Position of the Siphonaptera. Proc. Boston Nat. Hist. Society, Vol. XXVI., p. 312.

3. DAHL (1897), Puliciphora, eine neue flohänliche Fliegengattung. Zoologischer Anzeiger, Vol. XX., p. 409.

4. WANDALLECK (1898), Ist die Phylogenese der Aphaniptera entdeckt? Zoologischer Anzeiger, Vol. XXI., p. 180.

A humorous reply to Dahl.

5. DAHL (1899), Die Stellung der Puliciden im System. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, Vol. 65, I. p. 71. Plates.

6. HEYMONS (1899), Die systematische Stellung der Puliciden. Zoologischer Anzeiger, VOL. XXII., pp. 223 and 301. Three figures.

A destructive criticism of the views advanced by Dahl.

7. SEMENOV (1904), Zur Frage der systematischen Stellung der Flöhe. Revue Russe d’Entomologie, Vol. IV., p. 277. In Russian.

C. The following references are chiefly to works on plague and fleas.

1. ADVISORY COMMITTEE (1905-1909), Reports on Plague Investigations in India. Journal of Hygiene, Vols. V., VI., VII., VIII. and X.

These volumes contain the five “Extra Plague Numbers.” Many references to observations and experiments on rats and fleas.

2. HANKIN (1905), Plague Epidemiology. Journal of Hygiene, Vol. V., p. 48.

3. OGATA (1897), Ueber die Pestepidemie in Formosa. Centralbl. für Bacteriol., Vol. XXI., p. 769.

4. SIMOND (1898), La Propagation de la Peste. Annales de l’Institut Pasteur. Vol. XII., p. 625.

5. HANKIN (1898), La Propagation de la Peste. Annales de l’Institut Pasteur, Vol. XII., p. 705.

6. VERJBITSKI (1908), The part played by insects in the epidemiology of the plague. Journal of Hygiene, Vol. VIII., p. 162.

Experiments made 1902-3 at Cronstadt and S. Petersburg with fleas. This important research was written in Russian and not translated or published till 1908.

7. DOANE (1910), Insects and Disease. Constable and Co.

A popular work by an American entomologist. Contains a chapter on fleas and plague. Some good micro-photographs of fleas. Bibliography.

INDEX

Abdomen, 31

Ancestors of fleas, 3

Antennæ, 25, 47

Aphaniptera, 4

Aptera, 34

Arachnids, 1

Arctomys, 95

Armadilloes, 14

Arthropods, 1, 2

Bacillus pestis, 84

Badger, 9, 68

Baker, Mr Carl, 70

Bat-fleas, 24, 106

Bat-fleas, head-flaps of, 27

Bats, 12, 107

Bettongia, 15

Bibliography, 118

Black death, 86

Blood-system, 60

Blue, Doctor, 98

Boden, Mr, 18

Bombay, Plague in, 95

Brain, 45

British fleas, list of, 110

British fleas, number of, 11

Brown snake, 15

California, plague in, 98

Carnivora, 14, 16

Caterpillars, attacked by fleas, 18

Catesby, 75

Cat-flea and dog-flea distinct species, 70

Catholic and Protestant, 9

Caudal stylets, 37

Ceratopsyllidæ, 17, 106, 110

Ceratophyllus anisus, 103

C. farreni, 11

C. fasciatus, 89, 96, 102

C. gallinæ, 70

C. gallinulæ, 70

C. rothschildi, 11

C. vagabundus, 11

Chigoes, 74

—— on bats, 75

—— burrowing habits, 78

—— distribution of, 83

—— on parrot, 75

—— pregnant females of, 81

—— post-oral process of, 27

—— on rats, 101

—— rostrum of, 77

Chitin, 21

Classification of fleas, 17

Claws of feet, 31

Coleoptera, 34

Collection of fleas, 113

Combs, 26

Corsica, fleas attack flies in, 19

Ctenocephalus canis, 8, 9, 16, 63, 70

C. erinacei, 63

Ctenophthalmus agyrtes, 103

C. assimilis, 103

Dahl, 35

Dampf, 18

Dermatophilus cæcata, 82

D. penetrans, 69, 74, 83

Diemenia superciliosa, 15

Diptera, 4, 5

Dissection, 61

Distribution, 11, 12

Dog-flea, development of, 8

Dog-flea and cat-flea distinct species, 70

Dolichopsyllus stylosus, 22

Echidna, 15

Echidnophaga ambulans, 15

Edentata, 14

Eggs, 5

Epidermis, 21

Epimeron, 31

Erinaceus, 68

Excreta, 57

Eyes, 24

Field-mouse, 9, 25

Fossil fleas, 18, 19

Fowl-flea, 10

Fracticipita, 110

Frontal tubercle, 50

Fruit-Bats, 107

Ganglia, 45

Gannet, 11

Genitalia, 51

Gerbillus, 68

Gizzard, 54

Gophers, 95

Ground-squirrels, 95, 98

Guinea-pigs, 66, 93

Gullet, 54

Hankin, 88

Hatching spine, 5

Head, 28

Hearing, 50

Heart, 60

Hedgehog, 9

Hemiptera, 34

Heymons, 31

Hooke, Robert, 47

Hosts, of British fleas, 110

—— change of, 10

—— meaning of, 8

House-martin, 10

Human flea, absent from Sahara, 64

Human flea, from badgers, 68

Human flea, described, 63

Human flea, from Mexican Indians, 67

Human flea, mouth-parts, 67

Human flea, from New Guinea, 65

Hypopharynx, 39

Hystrichopsylla talpæ, 22

Insectivora, 13

Integricipita, 110

Ischnopsylla unipectinata, 13

Jehangir, Emperor, 86

Justinian, Emperor, 86

Kitasato, 84

Klebs, Professor, 19

Labial palpi, 48

Labium, 40

Labrum, 42

Larva, 5, 7, 36

Leeuwenhoek, 38

Legs, structure of, 30

Leptopsylla musculi, 89, 103

Linnæus, 4, 75

Listropsylla, 50

Macrochiroptera, 107

Malacopsylla, 80

M. androcli, 14

M. grossiventris, 14

Malpighi, 59

Malpighian tubes, 59

Manchuria, plague in, 95

Mandibles, 42, 48

Marmots, 95

Marsupials, 14

Maxillæ, 40, 48

Maxillary palpi, 40

Metamorphosis, 5

Microchiroptera, 107

Monkeys, 12

Monotremes, 15

Mouth-parts, 39

Mouth, 54

Muscles, 33

Mus, genus, 97

Myriapods, 1

Myrmecobius, 15

Needles for dissecting, 61

Nervous system, 44

Nycteribia, 26

Ogata, 87

Orthoptera, 34

Otospermophilus beecheyi, 98

Oudemans, his classification, 110

Ovaries, 51

Oviedo, 74, 76

Palæopsylla, 19

Pariodontis riggenbachi, 69

Penguins, 11

Performing fleas, 72

Petrels, 11

Pharynx, 54

Pharyngeal pump, 54

Phoridæ, 35

Pigeon-flea, 10

Plague, 84

Plague and fleas, 87

—— in Egypt, 86

—— of London, 85

—— medieval precautions, 21

—— transmission of, 44

Platypsyllus, 26

Polyctenes, 26

Protestant and Catholic, 9

Puffins, 11

Pulex irritans, 4, 19, 63, 75, 95

Pulicidæ, 17, 109

Pupa, 7

Pygidium, 46, 50

Rat-fleas, 104, 105

—— and man, 101

Rats and mice, fleas of, 97

Rectal glands, 57

Rectum, 57

Rectum, discharge of blood from, 44

Reptile, flea on a, 15

Rock-pipit, 11

Rodents, 13

Rostrum, 40

Rothschild, Mr Charles, 70, 101

Salivary glands, 58, 92

Samuel, Book of, 85

Sand-martin, 10, 11

San Francisco, plague in, 94

Sarcopsyllidæ, 17, 74, 109

Seals, 14

Segmented structure, 22

Sense organs, 49

Sexual differences, 23, 51

Sexual organs, 51

Simond, 87

Siphonaptera, description of Order, 108

Size of fleas, 22

Species, number of, 4

Spilopsyllus cuniculi, 77

Spines 23, 25

Stephanocircus, 27

Sternites, 32

Stigmata, 59

Stomach, 56

—— bacilli in, 93

St Paul’s Cathedral, 29

Sucking, method of, 43

Suctoria, 35

Swift, African, 11

Taste, sense of, 50

Tergites, 32

Testes, 51

Thaumopsylla breviceps, 106

Thorax, 29

Tiraboschi, Dr Carlo, 70

Tracheæ, 59

Trapping hosts of fleas, 113

Trichosurus, 15

Typhloceras poppei, 25

Ungulates, 13

Urinary tubules, 59

Variation, geographical, 16

Verjbitski, 88

Vermipsylla, on Ungulates, 13

Wings, relics of, 4, 31

Woodward, Dr, 15

Xenopsylla cheopis, 11, 89, 102, 104

Yersin, 84

Zoological Gardens, fleas in, 16, 66

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