The Expedition to Borneo of H.m.s. Dido

CHAPTER III.. Second Cruise: Up the River Lunda.--the Sibnowan Dyaks.--Their

Second Cruise: up the River Lunda.--The Sibnowan Dyaks.--Their Town of Tungong.--Their Physical Proportions, and Words of their Language.--Their Customs.--Skull-trophies.--Religious Ceremonies and Opinions.--Their Ornaments.--Appearance of both Sexes.--Dress and Morals.--Missionary Prospects of Conversion, and Elevation in the Social Scale.--Government, Laws, and Punishments.--Dances.--Iron Manufacturing.--Chinese Settlement.--Excursion continued 32

CHAPTER IV.. Renewed Intercourse with the Rajah.--Prospects of

Renewed intercourse with the Rajah.--Prospects of trade.--Ourang-outang, and other animals.--The two sorts of mias.--Description of the Rajah, his suite, and Panglimas, &c.--The character of the natives.--Leave Sarawak.--Songi Dyaks.--Visit Seriff Sahib.--Buyat tongue.--Attack by pirates.--Sail for Singapore 45

CHAPTER V.. Summary of Information Obtained During This

Summary of information obtained during this visit to Borneo.--Geographical and topographical observations.--Produce.--Various Dyak tribes.--Natural history.--Language.--Origin of Races.--Sail from Singapore.--Celebes.--Face of the country.--Waterfall 59

CHAPTER VI.. Dain Matara, the Bugis.--Excursions in Celebes.--Dispute

Dain Matara, the Bugis.--Excursions in Celebes.--Dispute with the Rajah's son-in-law.--Baboon shot.--Appearance of the country.--Visit the Resident.--Barometrical observations.--The Bugis.--Geography.--Coral reefs.--Visit the Rana of Lamatte.--Population and products of the country 72

CHAPTER VII.. Mr. Brooke's Second Visit to Sarawak.--the Civil War.--Receives a

Mr. Brooke's second visit to Sarawak.--The civil war.--Receives a present of a Dyak boy.--Excursion to the seat of war.--Notices of rivers, and settlements on their banks.--Deaths and burials.--Reasons for and against remaining at Sarawak.--Dyak visitors.--Council of war.--Why side with the Rajah.--Mode of constructing forts.--State of enemy's and Rajah's forces.--Conduct of the war 87

CHAPTER VIII.

Appearance of the country.--Progress of the rebel war.--Character of the Sow and Singe Dyaks.--Their belief in augury.--Ruinous effects of protracted warfare.--Cowardice and boasting of the Malays.--Council of war.--Refuse to attack the enemy's forts.--Rebels propose to treat.--The Malays oppose.--Set out to attack the rebels, but frustrated by our allies.--Assailed by the rebels.--Put them to flight.--Treat with them.--They surrender.--Intercede with the Rajah for their lives.--Renewed treachery of the Malays 100

CHAPTER IX.. Retrospect of Mr. Brooke's Proceedings and Prospects.--Visit of

Retrospect of Mr. Brooke's proceedings and prospects.--Visit of a pirate fleet.--Intercourse with the chief leaders, and other characteristic incidents.--War dances.--Use of opium.--Story of Si Tundo.--Preparations for trading.--Conditions of the cession of Sarawak 119

CHAPTER X.

Obstacles in the way of coming to a satisfactory conclusion with Muda Hassim.--The law of force and reprisal considered.--Capabilities of Sarawak.--Account of Sarebus and Sakarran pirates.--Excursion up the river.--Visit to the Singe Dyaks.--Description of Mr. Brooke's house at Sarawak.--Circumstances relating to the wreck off Borneo Proper 135

CHAPTER XI.

Return of the Royalist from Borneo Proper with intelligence of the sufferers from the wreck of the Sultana.--Effect of the arrival of the Diana on the negotiations for their release.--Outrage and oppression of Macota.--Fate of the Sultana and her crew.--Mr. Brooke made Rajah of Sarawak.--Liberation of rebel prisoners.--State of Dyak tribes.--Court of justice opened.--Dyak burials, and respect for the dead.--Malay cunning and treachery 151

CHAPTER XII.. Reflections on the New Year.--the Plundered Village, and Other

Reflections on the new year.--The plundered village, and other wrongs.--Means for their suppression.--The new government proceeds to act.--The constitution.--Preparations for an expedition against the Sea Dyaks.--Form of a treaty.--Wreck of the Viscount Melbourne.--Administration of justice.--Difficulties and dangers.--Dyak troubles.--Views and arrangements of the Chinese.--Judicial forms.--Wrongs and sufferings of the Lundus 164

CHAPTER XIII.. Ascent of the Left-Hand River to the Stabad.--Remarkable Cave in

Ascent of the left-hand river to the Stabad.--Remarkable cave in the Tubbang.--Diamond works at Suntah.--Return.--Infested by Dyak pirates.--A meeting of prahus, and fight.--Seriff Sahib's treatment of the Suntah Dyaks.--Expedition against the Singe.--Their invasion of the Sigos, and taking heads.--The triumph over these trophies.--Arms and modes of war.--Hot and cold council-houses.--Ceremonies in the installation of the Orang Kaya Steer Rajah.--Meeting of various Dyak tribes.--Hostile plans of Seriff Sahib, and their issue.--Resolves to proceed to Borneo Proper 183

CHAPTER XIV.. Visit of Captain Elliott.--Mr. Brooke Sails for Borneo

Visit of Captain Elliott.--Mr. Brooke sails for Borneo Proper.--Arrival.--Visited by leading men.--Condition of the country.--Reception by the Sultan.--Objects in view.--The different chiefs, and communications with them.--The Sultan and his Pangerans.--Objects of the visit accomplished.--Return to Sarawak.--Ceremonies of the cession.--Sail for Singapore 199

CHAPTER XV.

Captain Keppel's voyage in the Dido with Mr. Brooke to Sarawak.--Chase of three piratical prahus.--Boat expedition.--Action with the pirates, and capture of a prahu.--Arrival at Sarawak.--Mr. Brooke's reception.--Captain Keppel and his officers visit the Rajah.--The palace and the audience.--Return royal visit to the Dido.--Mr. Brooke's residence and household.--Dr. Treacher's adventure with one of the ladies of Macota's harem.--Another boat affair with the pirates, and death of their chief 213

CHAPTER XVI.

The Rajah's letter to Captain Keppel, and his reply.--Prepares for an expedition against the Sarebus pirates.--Pleasure excursion up the river.--The Chinese settlement.--The Singe mountain.--Interior of the residences.--Dyak festival of Maugut.--Relics.--Sporting.--Return to Sarawak.--The expedition against Sarebus.--State and number of the assailing force.--Ascent of the river.--Beauty of the scenery 228

CHAPTER XVII.. Ascent of the River to Paddi.--Town Taken and Burnt.--Narrow

Ascent of the river to Paddi.--Town taken and burnt.--Narrow escape of a reinforcement of friendly Dyaks.--Night-attack by the pirates.--Conference: they submit.--Proceed against Pakoo.--Dyak treatment of dead enemies.--Destruction of Pakoo, and submission of the pirates.--Advance upon Rembas.--The town destroyed: the inhabitants yield.--Satisfactory effects of the expedition.--Death of Dr. Simpson.--Triumphant return to Sarawak 242

CHAPTER XVIII.. Captain Keppel Sails for China.--Calcutta.--the Dido Ordered to

Captain Keppel sails for China.--Calcutta.--The Dido ordered to Borneo again.--Arrival at Sarawak.--Effect of her presence at Sarawak.--Great improvements visible.--Atrocities of the Sakarran pirates.--Mr. Brooke's letter.--Captain Sir E. Belcher's previous visit to Sarawak in the Samarang.--Coal found.--Second letter from the Rajah Muda Hassim.--Expedition against the Sakarran pirates.--Patusen destroyed.--Macota remembered, and his retreat burnt.--Further fighting, and advance.--Ludicrous midnight alarm 257

CHAPTER XIX.. Seriff Muller's Town Sacked.--Ascend the River in Pursuit of

Seriff Muller's town sacked.--Ascend the river in pursuit of the enemy.--Gallant exploit of Lieutenant Wade.--His death and funeral.--Interesting anecdote of him.--Ascend the Sakarran branch.--Native boats hemmed in by pirates, and their crews slaughtered to a man.--Karangan destroyed.--Captain Sir E. Belcher arrives in the Samarang's boats.--Return to Sarawak.--New expedition against Seriff Sahib and Jaffer.--Macota captured.--Flight of Seriff Sahib.--Conferences.--Seriff Jaffer deposed.--Mr. Brooke's speech in the native tongue.--End of the expedition, and return to Sarawak.--The Dido sails for England 274

CHAPTER XX.

Later portion of Mr. Brooke's Journal.--Departure of Captain Keppel, and arrival of Sir E. Belcher.--Mr. Brooke proceeds, with Muda Hassim, in the Samarang to Borneo.--Labuan examined.--Returns to Sarawak.--Visit of Lingire, a Sarebus chief.--The Dyaks of Tumma and Bandar Cassim.--Meets an assembly of Malays and Dyaks.--Arrival of Lingi, as a deputation from the Sakarran chiefs.--The Malay character.--Excursion up the country.--Miserable effects of excess in opium-smoking.--Picturesque situation of the Sow village of Ra-at.--Nawang.--Feast at Ra-at.--Returns home.--Conferences with Dyak chiefs 290

CHAPTER XXI.

Mr. Brooke's memorandum on the piracy of the Malayan Archipelago.--The measures requisite for its suppression, and for the consequent extension of British commerce in that important locality 302

CHAPTER XXII.. Arrival of Captain Bethune and Mr. Wise.--Mr. Brooke Appointed

Arrival of Captain Bethune and Mr. Wise.--Mr. Brooke appointed her Majesty's Agent in Borneo.--Sails for Borneo Proper.--Muda Hassim's measures for the suppression of piracy.--Defied by Seriff Houseman.--Audience of the Sultan, Muda Hassim, and the Pangerans.--Visit to Labuan.--Comparative eligibility of Labuan and Balambangan for settlement.--Coal discovered in Labuan.--Mr. Brooke goes to Singapore and visits Admiral Sir T. Cochrane.--The upas-tree.--Proceeds with the Admiral to Borneo Proper.--Punishment of Pangeran Usop.--The battle of Malludu.--Seriff Houseman obliged to fly.--Visit to Balambangan.--Mr. Brooke parts with the Admiral, and goes to Borneo Proper.--An attempt of Pangeran Usop defeated.--His flight, and pursuit by Pangeran Budrudeen.--Triumphant reception of Mr. Brooke in Borneo.--Returns to Sarawak 314

CHAPTER XXIII.. Borneo, Its Geographical Bounds and Leading Divisions.--British

Borneo, its geographical bounds and leading divisions.--British settlements in 1775.--The province of Sarawak formally ceded by the sultan in perpetuity to Mr. Brooke its present ruler.--General view of the Dyaks, the aborigines of Borneo.--The Dyaks of Sarawak, and adjoining tribes; their past oppression and present position 329

CHAPTER XXIV.. Proposed British Settlement on the Northwest Coast of Borneo, and

Proposed British settlement on the northwest coast of Borneo, and occupation of the island of Labuan.--Governor Crawfurd's opinions thereon 345

Concluding Observations 355

Postscript to Second Edition 359

APPENDIX.

I. Natural History. Mr. Brooke's report on the Mias 365

II. Philology 370

III. Proposed Exploring Expedition to the Asiatic Archipelago, by James Brooke, Esq. 1838 373

IV. Sketch of Borneo, or Pulo Kalamantan, by J. Hunt, Esq. 381

V. Extracts from the late Mr. Williamson's Journal 409

EXPEDITION TO BORNEO.

CHAPTER I.. The Chinese War Having Terminated, Captain Keppel in H.m.s. Dido

The Chinese War having terminated, Captain Keppel in H.M.S. Dido appointed to command of the Straits station.--Meeting with Mr. Brooke.--Sketch of his life.--Mr. Brooke's outward voyage in the Royalist.--Touch at Singapore.--Arrival off the coast of Borneo.--Land at the island of Talang Talang.--Intercourse with the Bandar.

At the conclusion of the Chinese war, the commander-in-chief, Vice-Admiral Sir William Parker, ordered the Dido to the Malacca Straits, a station in which was included the island of Borneo; our principal duties being the protection of trade, and suppression of piracy.

In the month of March, 1843, while at Pinang, I received intimation from the governor of various daring acts of piracy having been committed near the Borneon coast on some vessels trading to Singapore. I proceeded to that port; and, while undergoing a partial refit, made the acquaintance of Mr. Brooke, who accepted my invitation to return to Sarawak in the Dido; and I could not have visited Borneo with a more agreeable or intelligent companion.

The objects of Mr. Brooke in leaving England, the reasons which induced him to settle at Sarawak, and the circumstances which have led him to take so deep an interest in promoting the civilization and improving the condition of the singular people whom he has adopted, form indeed a story very unlike the common course of events in modern times.

But before illustrating these circumstances from his own journals, it may be acceptable to say a few words respecting the individual himself, and his extraordinary career. I am indebted to a mutual friend, acquainted with him from early years, for the following brief but interesting outline of his life; and have only to premise, that Mr. Brooke is the lineal representative of Sir Robert Vyner, baronet, and lord mayor of London in the reign of Charles II.; Sir Robert had but one child, a son, Sir George Vyner, who died childless, and his estate passed to his heir-at-law, Edith, his father's eldest sister, whose lineal descendant is our friend. Sir Robert was renowned for his loyalty to his sovereign, to whom he devoted his wealth, and to whose memory he raised a monument.

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