CHAPTER IX.. Of the Several Subjects of Knowledge.

OF THE SEVERAL SUBJECTS OF KNOWLEDGE.

There are of KNOWLEDGE two kinds; whereof one is knowledge of fact: the other knowledge of the consequence of one affirmation to another. The former is nothing else, but sense and memory, and is absolute knowledge; as when we see a fact doing, or remember it done: and this is the knowledge required in a witness. The latter is called science; and is conditional; as when we know, that, if the figure shown be a circle, then any straight line through the centre shall divide it into two equal parts. And this is the knowledge required in a philosopher; that is to say, of him that pretends to reasoning.

The register of knowledge of fact is called history. Whereof there be two sorts: one called natural history; which is the history of such facts, or effects of nature, as have no dependence on man’s will; such as are the histories of metals, plants, animals, regions, and the like. The other, is civil history; which is the history of the voluntary actions of men in commonwealths.

The registers of science, are such books as contain the demonstrations of consequences of one affirmation, to another; and are commonly called books of philosophy; whereof the sorts are many, according to the diversity of the matter; and may be divided in such manner as I have divided them in the following table.

{ Consequences from the accidents { common to all bodies natural; { which are quantity, and motion. { { Consequences { { Consequences from the { from the { { qualities of bodies { accidents { { transient, such as { of bodies { { sometimes appear, { natural; { { sometimes vanish, { which is { { Meteorology. { called { { { NATURAL { { { Consequences { PHILOSOPHY. { Physics or { { from the { { consequences { { qualities of { { from { { the stars. { { qualities. { { { { { Consequences { { { of the { { { qualities { { { from { { { liquid SCIENCE, { { Consequences { bodies, that is, { { from the { that fill knowledge of { { qualities of { the space consequences; { { bodies { between the which is { { permanent. { stars; such called also { { as are the PHILOSOPHY. { { air, or { { substances { { ethereal. { { { { Consequences { { from the { { qualities of { { bodies { { terrestrial. { Consequences { { from the { 1. Of consequences from the institution { accidents of { of COMMONWEALTHS, to the rights, and { politic { duties of the body politic or { bodies; { sovereign. { which is { { called { { POLITICS, { 2. Of consequences from the same, to the { and CIVIL { duty and right of the subjects. { PHILOSOPHY. {

Consequences from quantity, and motion indeterminate; { PHILOSOPHIA which being the principles or first foundation of { PRIMA. philosophy, is called Philosophia Prima. {

{ Consequences { By Figure. } { GEOMETRY. { from quanti- { } Mathematics. { { ty and motion { } { Consequences { determined. { By Number. } { ARITHMETIC. from motion { and quantity { { Consequences } determined. { Consequences { from the } { from the { motion and } { motion, and { quantity of } { ASTRONOMY. { quantity of { the greater } Cosmography. { { bodies in { parts of the } { GEOGRAPHY. { special. { world, as } { the earth } { and stars. } { { Consequences } { from the } { Science of { motions of } Mechanics. { ENGINEERS. { special } Doctrine of { { kinds, and } weight. { ARCHITECTURE. { figures of } { NAVIGATION. { body. } METEOROLOGY.

{ Consequences from the light of the stars. Out of } SCIOGRAPHY. { this, and the motion of the sun, is made the science of } { { Consequences from the influences of the stars } ASTROLOGY.

{ Consequences { Consequences from the qualities of { from the { minerals, as stones, metals, &c. { parts of the { { earth, that { { are without { { sense. { Consequences from the qualities of { { vegetables. { { { Consequences { Consequences from vision OPTICS. { { from the { Consequences from sounds MUSIC. { { qualities of { { { animals { Consequences from the rest { Consequences { in general. { of the senses. { from the { { qualities of { { Consequences from the { ETHICS. { animals. { { passions of men { { { { { { In magnifying, } POETRY. { Consequences { { vilifying, &c. } { from the { Consequences { In persuading, RHETORIC. { qualities of { from { In reasoning, LOGIC. { men in { speech. { In contracting, The Science special. { of JUST and { UNJUST.

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