Part 44

=528. None in the United States.= There are no women employed in any capacity in connection with mining and shipping coal in our country. Neither could any branch of the business be well placed under their supervision, for very nearly all the labor is performed by foreigners of the most low and illiterate class. None are employed in Baggage transportation, Bleaching, Brokers' Offices, Chemical Works, Cutlery, Furniture moving, Glue drying, Gun making, Iron Works, Landscape gardening, Lead Pencils, Sail making, Savings Banks, Silvering Mirrors, Tending Sheep, and Wood carving.

=529. Very few employed.= Attending in offices of ladies' physicians, Charcoal burning, China painting, Chiropody, Clock Work, Lacquering, Marble Work, Mirror Frames, Sign painting, Stencil cutting, and Stone Ware. "As a curious incident of the growing availability of female labor, Vermont returns four females engaged in ship building, and Virginia reports two so employed." Mrs. Swisshelm is an inspector of lumber, receiving a salary of $500 per annum. Mrs. N. Smith was recently elected mayoress in Oskaloosa, Iowa, the first time that office was ever filled by a lady. We have been told of a Miss D., who furnishes houses, receiving a stipulated sum for the exercise of her taste and judgment, and the time and trouble of making purchases. In the Southern States, a few colored women are employed about sugar mills, and many in gathering cotton. I suppose that in some countries women may be, and probably are employed in the preparation of isinglass and gelatine; also, in collecting cochineal, and gathering rice and coffee.

=530. The South.= There will be openings in the South for business in the following branches:

Artificial Eyes, Limbs, and Teeth. Artificial Flowers. Bags (Cotton and Paper). Baskets. Belts (Ladies'). Bonnets. Bonnet Ruches. Bonnet Frames. Books. Braces and Trusses. Brushes. Buttons. Candles (from the tallow tree of South Carolina and Georgia). Candy. Canes. Caps. Card Printing and Stencilling. Carpets. Carriage Trimmings. Car and Carriage Ornamenting. China. Cigars. Cloaks and Mantillas. Clocks. Clothing. Cord. Cordage and Twine. Cutlery. Daguerreotype Apparatus, &c. Designs. Drawings (Architectural, &c.). Dress Caps. Dress Trimmings. Embroideries. Envelopes. Factory Work. Fancy Stores. Feather Dressing. Fishing Tackle. Furniture. Gilding. Gold Chains. Gold Pens. Gold and Silver Leaf. Grape Growing. Gum-Elastic Goods. Hair Dressing and Manufacturing. Hardware. Hats. Hoop Skirts. Horse Coverings. Ink. Jewelry. Labels. Lamps. Lapidaries' Work. Laundries. Lead. Leather. Life Preservers. Lithographing. Maps. Matches. Military Goods. Needle and Thread Stores. Oils. Paper Boxes. Patterns (Ladies' and Children's). Plated Ware. Paints. Painting and Staining of Glass. Perfumery. Photography. Practising Medicine. Picture Restoring. Pipes. Places of Summer Resort. Porcelain. Potash. Pottery. Printing. Rag Collecting. Sealed Provisions. Sewing-Machine Labor. Shoes. Shot. Soda and Saleratus. Spectacles. Stair Rods. Steel Engraving. Straw Working. Surgical Instruments. Suspenders. Tailors' Work. Tape. Tobacco Stripping and Packing. Toys. Types. Umbrellas and Parasols. Under Wear. Wall Paper. Watches. Willow Growing. Window Shades. Wood Engraving.

There will be openings in St. Louis and Chicago for fur sewers. There has been a demand for mill girls in Rhode Island. There is a surplus now of workers in cotton mills, but not of operatives in woollen mills. A gentleman in Middletown, Conn., wrote me a boarding house for work girls is wanted there. Makers of ladies' dress caps and ironers of new shirts have been scarce in New York city.

=531. Prices of Board for Workwomen, and Remarks of Employers.= Aside from the prices of board for workwomen as mentioned in different parts of this work, I have intelligence from employers in one hundred and fifteen towns and cities of the Eastern States, New York, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey. These places number: Maine 4, New Hampshire 13, Vermont 4, Massachusetts 34, Rhode Island 5, Connecticut 29, New York 19, Pennsylvania 5, and New Jersey 2. Of the places in Maine, prices of board for women run from $1.33 ¹/3 to $1.50 a week. In New Hampshire, they make the same range. In Vermont, the price is given, of all places, at $1.50. In Rhode Island, from $1.50 to $3. In Connecticut, from $1.42. to $3. Massachusetts, from $1.25 to $4. New York, $1.50 to $3.50. Pennsylvania, $1.50 to $5. New Jersey, $1.25 to $1.75. The difference in board is something between a small town and a city in any State. The largest number of employers in cities give, as the most common prices, from $1.50 to $3 per week. Lights and washing are sometimes included in these prices, but washing very seldom--fuel in the rooms of the boarders, never. Employers write the boarding houses of their workmen are comfortable and respectable. We hope they are so, and wish that as much could be said of all. But we must acknowledge that we feel disposed to question the comfort of the majority of those for which such prices are paid in cities as mentioned by the employers. In villages and towns, board could be had at such rates. But we are confident it would be impossible to furnish sufficient wholesome food and clean, well ventilated lodging rooms, at the rates mostly specified in cities, where rent and provisions are high, with any profit to the keepers of the houses. Some employers assert that women can live cheaper than men. They cannot, in most places, to have as good accommodations; and when they can, the difference is slight. So a just proportion in wages is not observed, even with such a plea. Most men in industrial avocations receive $1.50 a day (many $2); women, from 50 cents to $1--most generally the former price. In France, a workman usually receives 60 cents a day; a woman, over 30 cents. So women do not receive even as good wages, in proportion to men, in the United States, as in France. In Lyons, France, women have always been paid for work performed in the same proportion as men. Most hand seamstresses receive starvation prices in both countries. In most industrial employments in Dublin, Ireland, women receive six English shillings a week, for their work of ten hours a day. Yet on the dusty and disagreeable labor of sorting and picking rags, some are enabled to earn eight shillings a week, but they are paid by the piece. School children in Dublin, as well as the working classes, usually take Monday for a holiday. Nor is it confined to Dublin. In France and England, Monday is made a day of freedom from work, and of reckless dissipation, with a large portion of the working people. In most occupations open to women, the times for work are usually not more than six months in the year, while men's extend the year round. Some employers write their women have more time than inclination for mental improvement--that all their time is at their disposal, except those hours employed in the factory, workshop, or store, which run from ten to seventeen hours. A woman's wardrobe requires some hours' attention; and the more limited her means, the more time is needed to keep it in repair. We think employers could do much good by learning the condition of their work people--what their habits and home comforts are; and would recommend to those disposed to learn something of the results, to read a work called "The Successful Merchant." I have heard there is a great laxity of morals in some of the establishments of New York, where men and women are employed. Proprietors and foremen of correct principles could do much to prevent this. Much, too, might be avoided by a careful selection of work people. I learn from one employer that one of his workwomen reads aloud to the others while at work. It is an admirable plan, but, where machinery is employed, could not be adopted, because of the noise. The best policy for any government is a protection of home produce and manufactures--a policy that it is desirable to see carried out more fully in our country. It will be observed that the farther we go south, as a general thing, the better are the prices paid for labor. Living, however, is somewhat higher. So what is gained in one way is lost in another. A majority of workwomen in this country are foreigners. In New York, I have heard the opinion expressed that there are in that city fifteen foreign workwomen where there is one American. One source of trouble among workwomen is the indifferent way in which they execute their work, arising from the want of proper instruction, the want of application, or a careless habit they acquire. Another failing is stopping often when at work. A misfortune with many workwomen is that they have not the physical strength to do much work, to do it constantly, or to do it fast.

=532. Number of Work Hours.= In France, the number of work hours is 12; in England, 10; and in most of the United States, 10. In some of the United States there are no laws regulating the number of work hours; and in some States, where such laws do exist, they are evaded.

=533. Extracts from the Census Report for 1860.= In advance of publication, Mr. Kennedy, Superintendent of the United States Census Report, writes: "The whole number, approximately, of females employed in the various branches of manufacture, is 285,000. The following are approximations to the average wages paid in New York and New England. Monthly wages of females employed in making

"Boots and shoes, $11 25 Clothing, 12 00 Cotton goods, 13 30 Woollen, 16 00 Paper boxes, 14 30 Umbrellas, &c. 13 38 Book folding, 15 38 Printing, 13 65 Millinery, 17 47 Ladies' mantillas, &c. 16 00 Hoop skirts, 14 00"

APPENDIX.

INDUSTRIAL STATISTICS OF PARIS, IN 1848. -------------------+------------------------------------------------------ OCCUPATIONS. |Number of Men. | |Number of Women. | | |Minimum of Men's Wages per Day. | | | |Maximum of Men's Wages per Day. | | | | |Minimum of Women's | | | | | Wages per Day. | | | | | |Maximum of Women's | | | | | | Wages per Day. | | | | | | |Months when Work | | | | | | | is slack. -------------------+-------+-------+----+------+----+-----+---------------- | | | ct | $ ct | ct |cents| -------------------+-------+-------+----+------+----+-----+---------------- Makers of | 217 | 51 | 40 | 1 00 | 15 | 35 |Jan. Feb. Aug. Accordions | | | | | | | Sculptors in | 51 | 14 | 40 | 1 20 | 30 | 45 |Jan. Feb. Mar. Alabaster Night | | | | | | | Lamps, and Wicks | | | | | | | Makers of Matches | 184 | 357 | 25 | 1 00 | 12 | 60 |May. Jun. Jul. | | | | | | | Aug. Manufacturers of | 83 | 4 | 45 | 0 80 | 30 | .. |Jun. Jul. Aug. Starch and | | | | | | | Spongers of | | | | | | | Cloths | | | | | | | Dressers of | 491 | 325 | 25 | 1 00 | 20 | 50 |Jun. Jul. Jan. Woven Goods, | | | | | | | Silver and Copper| | | | | | | Dressers and | 31 | 3 | 50 | 1 20 | 20 | 60 |Jan. Feb. Drawers of Gold | | | | | | | Gunsmiths | 492 | 8 | 30 | 1 10 | .. | 35 |Jun. Jul. May. | | | | | | | Mar. Makers of Scales | 205 | 2 | 60 | 1 10 | .. | .. |Jan. Feb. Aug. and Weights | | | | | | | Whalebone Splitters| 96 | 42 | 20 | 1 00 | ave. 29 |Dec. Jan. Feb. Bandage and Truss | 278 | 404 | 50 | 0 83 | 60 |2 00 |Jan. Feb. and Makers | | | | | | | part of Dec. Beaters of Gold | 195 | 377 | 50 | 1 20 | 20 | 60 |Jan. Feb. and Silver | | | | | | | Polishers of | 1,091 | 784 | 30 | 2 00 | 15 | 50 |Jan. Feb. Mar. Steel Jewelry | | | | | | | Mourning Jewelry | 170 | 54 | 40 | 1 20 | 20 | 60 |Jan. Feb. Jul. False Jewelry | 1,507 | 456 | 25 | 1 60 | 16 | 80 |Jan. Feb. Mar. Fine Jewelry | 2,942 | 637 | 20 | 2 40 | .. | 48 |Jul. Aug. Jan. | | | | | | | Feb. Garnishers of | 83 | 4 | 50 | 1 10 | 20 | 40 |Jan. Feb. and Jewels | | | | | | | part of Jul. Manufacturers of | 216 | 9 | 40 | 2 00 | 30 | 60 |Jul. Aug. Jan. Implements for | | | | | | | Billiards | | | | | | | Toy Manufacturers | 641 | 1,345 | 25 | 1 20 | 10 | 80 |Jan. Feb. Mar. | | | | | | | Apr. Bleachers of Woven | 65 | 275 | 50 | 1 00 | 10 | 55 |Jun. Jul. Aug. Goods | | | | | | | part of Sep. Washerwomen | 36 | 7,491 | 40 | 0 70 | 20 | 60 |Aug. Jul. Jan. | | | | | | | Feb. Wood Workers | 43 | 20 | 40 | 1 00 | 15 | 60 |Jul. Aug. Jan. | | | | | | | Feb. Cap Makers | 1,068 | 1,565 | 18 | 1 00 | 8 | 50 |Jan. Feb. Jul. | | | | | | | part of Aug. Makers of Hooks | 127 | 75 | 60 | 1 00 | 20 | 35 |Jan. and part and Eyes, and | | | | | | | of Feb. Buckles | | | | | | | Makers of Wax and | 186 | 113 | 40 | 1 00 | 15 | 60 |Jun. Jul. Aug. Tallow Candles | | | | | | | Bakers | 1,996 | 643 | 25 | 0 60 | 30 and a loaf of bread | | | | | | | every day. | | | | | | | Jun. Jul. | | | | | | | Aug. Sep. Embroiderers of | 7 | 876 | 60 | 0 80 | 15 | 60 |Jan. Feb. Jul. Bags and Purses | | | | | | | and Aug. Button Makers, | 405 | 185 | 40 | 1 20 | 18 | 40 |Dec. to Feb., Horn, Pearl, &c. | | | | | | | being most | | | | | | | of 3 months. Button Makers, | 716 | 522 | 30 | 1 20 | 10 | 60 |Jan. Feb. and Cloth and Metal | | | | | | | part of Jul. | | | | | | | and Aug. Bricks, Tiles, | 497 | 27 | 40 | 2 80 | 25 | 60 |Commence in Nov. and Pipes for | | | | | | | and end in Mar. Chimneys | | | | | | | Book Stitchers | 183 | 678 | 20 | 1 00 | 20 | 65 | Tapestry | 14 | 969 | 70 | 1 20 | 15 | 70 |Jun. Jul. Aug. Embroiderers | | | | | | | Embroiderers | 43 | 3,746 | 60 | 3 00 | 10 |1 00 |Jul. Aug., part | | | | | | | of Jan. Feb. Manufacturers of | 2,515 | 27 | 45 | 2 00 | 25 | 70 |Most active in Bronze | | | | | | | Oct. Nov. Dec. Bronze Carvers | 752 | 6 | 30 | 1 25 | 30 | .. | " " " Bronze Gilders | 343 | 24 | 50 | 1 20 | 30 | 55 |Oct. Nov. Dec. Bronze Founders | 1,178 | 1 | 40 | 1 40 | 27 | .. | " " " Bronze Mounters | 32 | 11 | 40 | 0 70 | 25 | 70 |Sept. Oct. Nov. Bronze Finishers | 333 | 2 | 30 | 1 20 | 40 | .. |Oct. Nov. Dec. Bronze Turners | 164 | 4 | 30 | 1 20 | 30 | 40 |Sept. Oct. Nov. Bronze Varnishers | 168 | 233 | 40 | 1 40 | 25 |1 00 |Oct. Nov. Dec. Makers of Common | 365 | 163 | 35 | 1 00 | 20 | 60 |Jan. Feb. Jul. Brushes | | | | | | | Aug. Makers of Fine | 371 | 421 | 30 | 1 20 | 15 | 60 | " " " Brushes | | | | | | | Coffee Toasters | 37 | 22 | 30 | 1 00 | 30 | 40 |Jun. Jul. Contractors for | 193 | 45 | 40 | 0 80 | 25 | 55 |Jan. Feb. Mar. Washrooms and | | | | | | | Apr. Public Washing | | | | | | | Houses | | | | | | | Manufacturers of | 24 | 10 | 55 | 1 00 | 30 | 50 |Jan. Feb. Mar. Dials for Watches| | | | | | | and Clocks | | | | | | | Manufacturers of | 989 | 57 | 40 | 2 00 | 25 | 60 |Jan. Feb. part Mouldings for | | | | | | | of Jul. Aug. Gilt Frames | | | | | | | Manufacturers of | 114 | 30 | 33 | 0 80 | 25 | 40 |Jan. Jul. Cotton Canvas | | | | | | | Cane and | 796 | 84 | 35 | 1 40 | 20 | 55 |Jan. Feb. Dec. Whip Makers | | | | | | | July. Cane Chair Seaters | 10 | 169 | 35 | 0 80 | 15 | 50 |Jan. Feb. Mar. Makers of Gum | 259 | 310 | 50 | 1 20 | 20 | 60 |Jan. Feb. Jun. Elastic Works | | | | | | | Coachmakers | 3,685 | 2 | 30 | 1 60 | $2 40 a month each and | | | | | boarded. Jul. Aug. Sep. Makers of Playing | 160 | 97 | 45 | 1 00 | 20 | 50 |Jun. Jul. Aug. Cards | | | | | | | Manufacturers of | 210 | 121 | 30 | 1 30 | 20 | 45 |Dec. Jan. Feb. Pasteboard and | | | | | | | Cards, | | | | | | | Glazed Paper | | | | | | | Manufacturers of | 569 | 1,357 | 40 | 1 20 | 6 | 70 |Jan. Feb. Mar. Pasteboard Boxes | | | | | | | Jul. Makers of Men's and| 81 | 3,929 | 30 | 1 20 | 10 | 60 |Jan. Feb. Jul. Boy's Caps | | | | | | | Aug. Manufacturers of | 786 | 1,133 | 30 | 1 80 | 10 | 60 |Jun. Jul. Aug. Shawls | | | | | | | Mounters and | 173 | 1,974 | 30 | 2 00 | 15 |1 00 |Work slack six Trimmers of | | | | | | | months, from Straw Hats | | | | | | | Jun. to Nov. Weavers of Braid | 12 | 108 | 50 | 0 70 | 20 | 60 | " " " for Straw Bonnets| | | | | | | Bleachers and | 117 | 101 | 40 | 1 40 | 20 | 60 |July to Jan. Pressers of | | | | | | | Straw Hats | | | | | | | Hat Makers | 2,829 | 1,158 | 30 | 2 40 | 15 |1 00 |Jul. Aug. Jan. | | | | | | | Feb. Meat Sellers | 629 | 72 | 10 | 0 80 | $30 to $160 per year for | | | | | female accountants. | | | | | | | Jun. Jul. Aug. Manufacturers of | 162 | 82 | 30 | 1 00 | 20 | 35 |Jan. Feb. Mar. Articles for | | | | | | | Dec. Hunting | | | | | | | Embroiderers of | 9 | 174 | 60 | 1 00 | 25 | 80 |Jan. Feb. and Church Ornaments | | | | | | | part of Mar. Coppersmith | .... | 1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | wife of patron | | | | | | | Makers of Woven and| 728 | 1,154 | 20 | 0 90 | 10 | 50 |Dec. Jul. Aug. Knit Shoes | | | | | | | part of Mar. Hair Preparers, | 678 | 280 | 30 | 1 40 | 15 | 60 |Jun. Jul. Aug. Dressers, | | | | | | | Wig Makers, &c. | | | | | | | Washers and | 27 | 44 | 50 | 0 70 | 12 | 40 |Dec. and Jan. Assorters of Rags| | | | | | | Chocolate Makers | 266 | 122 | 45 | 1 10 | 20 | 55 |Jun. Jul. Aug. | | | | | | | Sept. Manufacturers of | 86 | 45 | 25 | 0 80 | 20 | 40 | " " " Blacking and | | | | | | | Varnish | | | | | | | Manufacturers of | 57 | 23 | 40 | 0 80 | 30 | 40 |Jul. Aug. Wafers and | | | | | | | Sealing Wax | | | | | | | Chasers and | 330 | 21 | 50 | 1 40 | 30 |1 20 |Jul. Aug. Jan. Engravers | | | | | | | Feb. Makers of Bells | 40 | 2 | 50 | 1 20 | 30 | .. |Jan. Feb. and and Clock Bells | | | | | | | part of Mar. Nailmakers | 347 | 33 | 40 | 1 40 | 20 | 25 |Jan. Jul. Aug. Print Colorers | 18 | 626 | 45 | 0 70 | 20 | 60 | " " " Makers of Women's | 1 | 1,301 | .. | 1 00 | 10 | 80 |Jan. Feb. Jul. Clothing | | | | | | | Aug. Confectioners | 367 | 284 | 40 | 1 20 | 20 | 60 |Jun. to Sep. Makers of | 75 | 45 | 30 | 0 80 | 20 | 40 |Jun. Jul. Aug. Nutritious | | | | | | | Sep. Conserves | | | | | | | Rope Makers | 392 | 5 | 15 | 0 80 | 25 | 40 |From Dec. | | | | | | | to Feb. Boot and Shoe |13,553 | 6,713 | 15 | 1 80 | 8 | 70 |Jan. Feb. Jul. Makers | | | | | | | Aug. Makers of Shoes | 7,511 | 1,555 | 20 | 1 82 | 12 | 70 | " " " to Order | | | | | | | Curriers | 2,170 | 189 | 30 | 2 00 | 10 | 30 | " " " Corset Makers | 38 | 2,810 | 40 | 1 00 | 10 | 80 |Jul. Aug. Sep. | | | | | | | and part | | | | | | | of Jan. Costumers | 37 | 47 | 60 | 1 00 | 20 | 50 |Jun. Jul. Aug. | | | | | | | Sep. Makers of Colors | 510 | 12 | 40 | 1 10 | 30 | 50 |Nov. Dec, Jan. and Varnish | | | | | | | Feb. Knife Makers | 503 | 39 | 25 | 1 60 | 25 | 50 |Jul. Aug. Mantua Makers | .. | 5,287 | .. | .. | 10 | 80 |Jul. Aug. Jan. | | | | | | | Feb. Makers of Flannels | 404 | 215 | 30 | 0 70 |1 00|1 80 |Jan. Feb. Mar. and Blankets | | | | | | | Makers of Crayons | 65 | 21 | 35 | 0 90 | 20 | 40 | " " " Curd and Cheese | 53 | 30 | 40 | 0 60 | 20 | 40 |Nov. Dec. Jan. Makers | | | | | | | Feb. Makers of | 43 | 68 | 45 | 0 90 | 15 | 90 |Dec. Jan. Feb. Horse-hair Goods | | | | | | | Dressers and | 145 | 72 | 40 | 0 SO | 25 | 50 |Dec. Jan. Liners of Horse | | | | | | | Hair | | | | | | | Manufacturers of | 38 | 8 | 60 | 0 70 | 30 | .. |Jan. Feb. Jul. Razor Leather | | | | | | | Varnished Leather | 175 | 9 | 60 | 1 00 | 30 | 40 |Jun. Jul. Daguerreotypists | 34 | 8 | 60 | 1 00 | 40 | .. |Jan. Feb. Mar. Pinkers of Shawls | 12 | 32 | 45 | 0 70 | 20 | 45 |Jun. Jul. and Woven Goods | | | | | | | Makers, Hookers, | 1 | 817 | .. | 0 70 | 12 | 70 |Jun. Jul. Aug. and Washers | | | | | | | Sep. of Laces | | | | | | | Makers of | 63 | 20 | 50 | 2 00 | 35 | 40 |Jul. Aug. Sep. Artificial Teeth | | | | | | | Designers for | 579 | 43 | 50 | 4 00 | .. | 40 |Jul. Aug. Feb. Manufacturers | | | | | | | Mar. Designers for | 173 | 46 | 50 | 2 40 | 20 | 50 |Jun. Jul. Aug. Embroidery | | | | | | | Manufacturers of | 294 | 13 | 30 | 0 90 | 30 | 45 |Jul. Aug. Sep. Distilled Liquors| | | | | | | and Sirups | | | | | | | Gilders and | 442 | 163 | 40 | 2 00 | 20 | 50 |Jul. Jan. Feb. Silverers of Ware| | | | | | | and Jewelry | | | | | | | Wood Gilders | 773 | 257 | 40 | 1 20 | 20 | 60 |Jan. Feb. Jul. | | | | | | | Aug. Gilders of Edges | 95 | 72 | 50 | 1 20 | 39 | .. | " " " " of Paper and | | | | | | | Parchment | | | | | | | Mineral and other | 177 | 12 | 40 | 1 20 | 30 | 40 |Nov. to Feb. Gaseous Waters | | | | | | | Women make | | | | | | | powders for | | | | | | | gaseous waters. Furniture Makers | 8,459 | 90 | 25 | 2 00 | 25 | 80 |Jan. Feb. Writers and | 54 | 11 | 70 | 1 60 | 20 | 80 |Jun. Jul. Aug. Designers for | | | | | | | Lithographs | | | | | | | Publishers of | 356 | 464 | 50 | 2 40 | 20 | 60 |Jan. Feb. Jul. Images and | | | | | | | Aug. Engravings | | | | | | | Manufacturers and | 240 | 113 | 40 | 2 00 | 30 | 60 |Jan. Feb. Mar. Painters of | | | | | | | Enamelled Ware | | | | | | | Makers of False | 19 | 14 | 50 | 1 00 | 30 | 50 | " " " Stones and | | | | | | | Enamels | | | | | | | Makers of | 93 | 408 | 55 | 2 50 | 20 | 40 | " " " Artificial Eyes, | | | | | | | Porcelain | | | | | | | Buttons, & Glass | | | | | | | Links | | | | | | | Makers of Writing | 85 | 11 | 40 | 0 55 | 15 | 40 |Jan. Aug. and Printing Ink | | | | | | | Fancy Inkstands | 150 | 12 | 50 | 1 00 | 12 | 40 | and Toilet | | | | | | | Articles | | | | | | | Grocers, | 851 | 24 | 40 | 0 90 | 30 | 45 |Jun. Jul. Aug. Manufacturing | | | | | | | Sep. Makers of Military | 1,649 | 2,254 | 25 | 1 40 | 10 | 70 |Jan. Feb. Jul. Equipments | | | | | | | Embossers | 337 | 74 | 40 | 1 60 | 30 | 60 |Jan. Feb. Stampers and | 220 | 9 | 40 | 1 20 | 30 | 40 |Jan. Feb. Jul. Engravers of | | | | | | | and part of Moulds for | | | | | | | Mar. Goldware | | | | | | | & Jewelry | | | | | | | Pewterers | 102 | 17 | 50 | 1 00 | 30 | .. |Jan. Feb. Jul. | | | | | | | Aug. Fan Makers. There | 252 | 264 | 40 | 1 20 | 12 |1 00 |Jun. Jul. Aug. are several | | | | | | | branches | | | | | | | Makers of Chairs | 1,673 | 53 | 45 | 1 60 | 20 | 60 |Jan. Feb. Mar. and Arm Chairs | | | | | | | Makers of Sheet | 84 | 14 | 40 | 1 00 | 25 | 35 |Apr. May. Jun. Pewter | | | | | | | Jul. Makers of Wax | 21 | 13 | 70 | 1 20 | 25 | 40 |Mar. Jun. Jul. Figures | | | | | | | Aug. Spinners, Dressers,| 47 | 113 | 30 | 1 00 | 20 | 40 |Jan. Jun. Jul. and Twisters of | | | | | | | Silk | | | | | | | Spinners and | 578 | 1,334 | 35 | 1 00 | 18 | 45 |Jan. Jul. Aug. Twisters of | | | | | | | Cotton | | | | | | | Spinners and | 445 | 452 | 50 | 1 20 | 14 | 60 |Apr. May. Jun. Twisters of Wool | | | | | | | Makers of | 414 | 5,063 | 40 | 1 20 | 12 | 80 |Jun. Jul. Aug. Artificial | | | | | | | Jan. Flowers | | | | | | | Metal Melters | 1,785 | 4 | 60 | 2 30 | 40 | .. |Jan. Feb. Suet and Tallow | 80 | 3 | 50 | 1 40 | 25 | 30 |From a month Melters | | | | | | | to | | | | | | | six weeks in | | | | | | | summer. Melters and | 624 | 133 | 50 | 2 00 | 25 | 50 |Aug. Sep. Engravers of | | | | | | | Stamps and Metal | | | | | | | Plates | | | | | | | Block Makers | 130 | 21 | 50 | 0 90 | 25 | 50 |Jul. Aug. Sep. Fur Dealers and | 232 | 399 | 50 | 1 80 | 12 | 60 |Mar. Apr. May. Dressers | | | | | | | Jun. Jul. & | | | | | | | part of Aug. Old Clothes Women | .. | 50 | .. | .. | 12 | 60 |Jan. Feb. Mar. | | | | | | | Aug. Sheath Makers | 341 | 70 | 30 | 1 20 | 20 | 50 |Jul. Aug. Jan. Makers of Kid | 1,045 | 873 | 40 | 1 20 | 15 | 50 |Jun. Jul. Aug. Gloves | | | | | | | Sep. Makers of Cloth | 19 | 203 | 40 | 1 00 | 8 | 60 |Jun. Jul. Aug. Gloves | | | | | | | Stampers and | 136 | 39 | 40 | 2 40 | 20 | 60 |Jun. Jul. Aug. Printers of | | | | | | | Stuffs and | | | | | | | Garments | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Jan. Feb. Gelatine and Glue | 78 | 35 | .. | 0 60 | 20 | 35 |Jan. Feb. Nov. Makers | | | | | | | Dec. Makers of Cloth | 751 | 369 | 20 | 1 20 | 20 | 40 |Apr. Aug. Sep. for Under Vests | | | | | | | Jan. Carvers and Gem | 165 | 17 | 60 | 1 60 | 35 | 60 |Jan. Feb. and Engravers | | | | | | | parts of Jul. | | | | | | | and Aug. Mould Engravers | 68 | 10 | 60 | 1 40 | .. | 30 |Jan. Feb. Copper Plate | 226 | 62 | 60 | 2 00 | 25 | 70 |Jul. Aug. Engravers | | | | | | | Engravers on Wood | 160 | 6 | 60 | 2 00 | 60 |1 00 |Jan. Feb. and on Metal | | | | | | | for Printing | | | | | | | Engravers on Wood | 154 | 11 | 40 | 1 10 | .. | 30 |Jul. Aug. Sep. for Impressions | | | | | | | on Stuff and | | | | | | | Printed Papers | | | | | | | Engravers on Metals| 205 | 7 | 30 | 1 60 | 40 | 70 |Jun. Jul. Aug. for Seals and | | | | | | | Clocks | | | | | | | Legging Makers | 73 | 206 | 40 | 1 00 | 20 | 60 |Aug. Sep. Makers of Clocks | 1,826 | 155 | 35 | 2 50 | 12 |1 00 |Jun. Jul. Aug. and Clock | | | | | | | Trimmings | | | | | | | Lithographic and | 1,909 | 186 | 30 | 7 00 | 20 | 60 |Jun. Jul. Aug. Copperplate | | | | | | | Sep. Printers | | | | | | | Cloth Printers | 316 | 45 | 40 | 2 00 | 25 | 55 | " " " " Type Printers | 4,053 | 304 | 60 | 3 00 | 10 | 80 | " " " " Makers of Surgical | 247 | 14 | 40 | 1 40 | 40 | .. |Jan. Feb. Sep. Instruments | | | | | | | Makers of Musical | 71 | 4 | 50 | 1 10 | 30 | 70 |Business most Wind Instruments | | | | | | | active in Oct. | | | | | | | Nov. Copper Musical | 461 | 1 | 45 | 1 60 | 55 | .. |Slack in Jun. Instruments | | | | | | | Jul. Aug. Sep. Makers of False | 192 | 26 | 50 | 2 00 | 30 | 80 |Jul. Jan. Feb. Jewels | | | | | | | Makers of Fine | 416 | 65 | 20 | 2 50 | 35 |1 00 |Jun. Jul. Aug. Jewels | | | | | | | Makers of Lamps | 1,856 | 24 | 40 | 1 60 | 25 | 60 |May. Jun. Jul. | | | | | | | Aug. Makers of Coach | 142 | 6 | 50 | 1 40 | 30 | 50 |Jul. Aug. Lamps | | | | | | | Lapidaries | 112 | 10 | 60 | 1 40 | 25 | 35 |Jan. Feb. Mar. | | | | | | | Jul. Box Makers and | 1,089 | 2 | 20 | 1 20 | 30 | .. | " " " " Packers | | | | | | | Makers of Letters | 95 | 7 | 55 | 1 20 | 30 | 40 |Dec. Jan. in Relief | | | | | | | Cork Makers | 159 | 53 | 50 | 1 00 | 20 | 40 |Dec. Jan. Feb. File Makers | 418 | 10 | 60 | 2 40 | 25 | 60 |Jan. Contractors for | 80 | 8,974 | 45 | 1 10 | 3 | 80 |Jul. Aug, Jan. Linen Drapery | | | | | | | Feb. Manufacturers of | 80 | 2,312 | .. | .. | 12 | 80 |Jan. Feb. Jul. Linen Drapery | | | | | | | Aug. Design Readers | 121 | 99 | 50 | 1 00 | 30 | 70 |Jun. Jul. Aug. | | | | | | | Jan. Makers of Bed | 257 | 410 | 40 | 1 20 | 16 | 80 |Dec. Jan. Feb. Clothing | | | | | | | Mar. Makers of | 336 | 44 | 40 | 1 20 | 12 | 60 |Jan. Feb. Jul. Spectacle Frames | | | | | | | Trunk Makers | 210 | 73 | 40 | 1 20 | 20 | 60 |Dec. Jan. Feb. | | | | | | | Mar. Cutters of Marble | 574 | 45 | 80 | 1 20 | 20 | 60 |Jan. Feb. Mar. for Furniture | | | | | | | Cutters of Marble | 933 | 23 | 50 | 1 60 | 30 | 40 |Jan. Feb. Dec. for Buildings | | | | | | | Horse Farriers | 346 | 2 | 30 | 1 30 | 30 | .. |Jun. Jul. Aug. | | | | | | | Sep. Veneerers and | 306 | 34 | 40 | 1 40 | 30 | 50 |Jan. Feb. Jul. Carvers | | | | | | | Aug. Alum Leather | 164 | 1 | 40 | 0 80 | .. | .. | Dressers | | | | | | | Looms for Weaving | 176 | 21 | 50 | 1 20 | 25 | 30 |Jul. Aug. Jan. Trellis Makers | 50 | 3 | 40 | 1 00 | | | Wives of patrons | | | | | | | Looking-Glass | 515 | 96 | 40 | 1 40 | 20 | 55 |Jan. Feb. Mar. Makers | | | | | | | Milliners | 24 | 2,354 | 50 | 0 90 | 20 |1 00 |Jul. Aug. Sep. | | | | | | | Feb. Makers of Watch | 57 | 20 | 20 | 1 00 | 25 | 60 |Jun. Jul. Aug. Cases | | | | | | | Makers of Mosaic | 51 | 2 | 50 | 1 30 | .. |1 00 |Jun. Jul. and Work | | | | | | | part of Aug. Plaster and | 155 | 4 | 30 | 1 20 | .. | 30 |Jan. Feb. Jul. Composition | | | | | | | Aug. Moulders | | | | | | | Makers of | 266 | 3 | 60 | 1 70 | .. | 30 |Jan. Feb. Mouldings, | | | | | | | Copper Pipes, | | | | | | | and Show Cases | | | | | | | Makers of Eyelet | 223 | 85 | 35 | 1 20 | 15 | 40 |Jan. Feb. Jul. Holes, | | | | | | | Percussion Caps, | | | | | | | Pen Holders, &c. | | | | | | | Makers of | 1,634 | 101 | 40 | 3 20 | 30 | 40 |Jan. Feb. Jul. Instruments of | | | | | | | Aug. Precision and | | | | | | | Spectacles | | | | | | | Makers of | 544 | 59 | 40 | 2 00 | 25 | 60 |Jul. Aug. Sept. Silver-Plated | | | | | | | Ware | | | | | | | Makers of Silver | 328 | 81 | 40 | 1 30 | 30 | 70 |Jan. Feb. Jul. Trinkets and | | | | | | | Aug. Jewelry | | | | | | | Manufacturers of | 541 | 188 | 40 | 1 60 | 28 | 60 |Jul. Aug. and Gold Plate | | | | | | | part of Jan. | | | | | | | and Feb. Organ Manufacturers| 401 | 2 | 40 | 2 00 | .. | .. | Wives of patrons | | | | | | | Wadding Makers | 104 | 122 | 25 | 0 90 | 20 | 40 |Commences in | | | | | | | Feb. ends | | | | | | | in Jul. Mat Makers | 57 | 91 | 30 | 0 90 | 8 | 35 |Commences in | | | | | | | May, ends in | | | | | | | Sep. Makers of Paper | 40 | 120 | 30 | 0 90 | 10 | 45 |Jan. Jul. Aug. Bags, &c. | | | | | | | Makers of Fancy | 114 | 129 | 50 | 1 20 | 20 | 30 |Dec. Jan. Feb. Papers | | | | | | | Makers of Wall | 1,855 | 93 | 30 | 2 00 | 20 | 60 |Jun. Jul. Aug. Paper | | | | | | | and part of | | | | | | | Sep. Makers of Parasols | 601 | 742 | 40 | 1 20 | 20 | 60 |Jul. Sep. Jan. and Umbrellas | | | | | | | Feb. Perfumers | 349 | 366 | 30 | 2 00 | 15 | 60 |Jul. Aug. Sep. Makers of Lace | 2,545 | 6,046 | 20 | 1 20 | 5 | 80 |Jan. Feb. Jul. Embroidery | | | | | | | Aug. Novelty | 1,142 | 2,331 | 20 | 1 20 | 8 | 80 | " " " " Embroiderers | | | | | | | Embroiderers for | 473 | 941 | 30 | 1 00 | 12 | 60 |Jul. Aug. Jan. Furniture | | | | | | | Feb. Chenille | 37 | 69 | 40 | 0 90 | 30 | 80 |Jan. Feb. Mar. Embroiderers | | | | | | | Military | 160 | 589 | 25 | 0 80 | 10 | 40 |Jul. Aug. and Embroiderers | | | | | | | part of Jan. | | | | | | | and Feb. Furniture and Coach| 198 | 114 | 30 | 1 00 | 12 | 50 |Jul. Aug. and Embroiderers | | | | | | | Jan. False and Fine | 108 | 387 | 35 | 0 90 | 25 | 70 |Jul. Aug. Jan. Embroiderers | | | | | | | Feb. Embroiderers of | 367 | 1,615 | 25 | 1 00 | 5 | 50 |Jan. Feb. Jul. Braces and | | | | | | | Garters | | | | | | | Makers of | 92 | 59 | 45 | 1 40 | 25 | 60 |Jun. Jul. Aug. Nutritious Pastry| | | | | | | Sep. Pastry Cooks | 973 | 60 | 20 | 1 10 | 30 | 45 | " " " " Skinners and | 644 | 15 | 40 | 1 20 | 25 | 30 |Jul. Aug. Jan. Morocco Dressers | | | | | | | Makers of Articles | 0 | 25 | 30 | 1 00 | 20 | 50 |Jan. Feb. Oct. for Fishing | | | | | | | Nov. Dec. Comb Manufacturers | 585 | 210 | 40 | 1 20 | 15 | 70 |Jan. Feb. Jul. Wool Combers | 694 | 194 | 30 | 1 00 | 25 | 35 |Apr. May. House Painters | 5,213 | 15 | 30 | 2 00 | 25 | 40 |Jan. Feb. Nov. | | | | | | | Dec. Manufacturers of | 202 | 63 | 25 | 0 80 | 15 | 40 |Jan. Feb. Plush | | | | | | | Makers of False | 56 | 154 | 60 | 2 00 | 20 | 40 |Jan. Feb. and Pearls and Pearl | | | | | | | part of Dec. Flowers | | | | | | | Stringers and | .... | 52 | .. | .. | 15 | 40 |Jan. Feb. and Mounters of | | | | | | | part of Mar. Pearls | | | | | | | Makers of Painters'| 114 | 129 | 50 | 1 20 | 20 | 30 |Dec. Jan. Feb. Pencils and | | | | | | | Brushes | | | | | | | Polishers of Gold | 52 | 4 | 30 | 1 40 | 30 | .. |Jan. Feb. part & Daguerreotypes | | | | | | | of July and | | | | | | | Aug. Plaiters and | 170 | 492 | 30 | 0 60 | 10 | 35 |Jan. Feb. Jul. Winders of | | | | | | | Cotton, Wool, | | | | | | | and Cashmere | | | | | | | Plaiters and | 44 | 277 | 40 | 1 00 | 15 | 50 |Jul. Aug. Jan. Winders of silk | | | | | | | Plumbers, Pump, & | 1,014 | 2 | 40 | 1 40 | .. | .. |Dec. Jan. Feb. Fountain Makers | | | | | | | Wives of patrons | | | | | | | Feather Dressers | 78 | 533 | 40 | 1 00 | 20 | 60 |Jan. Jul. Makers of Feather | 120 | 28 | 50 | 1 20 | 30 | 40 |Jul. Jan. Feb. Brooms | | | | | | | Makers of Quill | 55 | 44 | 50 | 1 40 | 15 | 50 |Jun. Jul. Aug. Pens | | | | | | | Cutters and | 91 | 505 | 40 | 1 20 | 15 | 50 |Dec. Jan. Feb. Preparers of Hair| | | | | | | for Hatters | | | | | | | Polishers and | 23 | 284 | 50 | 0 90 | 15 | 65 |Jan, Feb. Jul. Burnishers of | | | | | | | Aug. Gold and Jewelry | | | | | | | Decorators of | 1,641 | 1,010 | 40 | 2 40 | 20 |4 00 |Jan. Feb. part Porcelain | | | | | | | of Mar. Makers, Moulders, | 155 | 9 | 50 | 3 00 | 30 | 50 |Jun. Jul. Aug. Polishers, and | | | | | | | Menders of | | | | | | | Porcelain | | | | | | | Portfolios and | 506 | 307 | 25 | 1 30 | 20 | 55 |Jan. Feb. Jul. Articles of | | | | | | | Morocco | | | | | | | Makers of Articles | 330 | 20 | 25 | 1 60 | 25 | 40 |Jul. Aug. Jan. of Earthenware, | | | | | | | Feb. Stoneware, and | | | | | | | China | | | | | | | Pewterers | 337 | 84 | 40 | 1 20 | 20 | 40 |Jan. Feb. Preparers of | 15 | 20 | 60 | 1 20 | 12 | 60 |Jun. Jul. Aug. Animals | | | | | | | Makers of Chemical | 138 | 20 | 60 | 1 10 | 25 | 30 |Dec. Jan. Feb. Products | | | | | | | Makers of | 108 | 75 | 85 | 1 00 | 20 | 55 |Jul. Aug. Pharmaceutical | | | | | | | Products | | | | | | | Makers of Ironware | 226 | 5 | 30 | 1 00 | 25 | .. |Jan. Feb. Jul. Articles | | | | | | | Aug. Refiners of Sugar | 425 | 5 | 30 | 1 20 | 30 | .. |About six weeks | | | | | | | work is slack. Makers of Registers| 43 | 123 | 60 | 1 20 | 20 | 50 |Jun. Jul. Aug. Makers of Rulers, | 39 | 12 | 60 | 1 00 | 35 | 60 |Dec. Jan. Feb. Easels, &c. | | | | | | | Paper Rulers | 35 | 143 | 30 | 0 70 | 30 | 50 |Jun. Jul. Aug. Bookbinders | 939 | 807 | 25 | 1 20 | 20 | 60 |Jun. Jul. Aug. | | | | | | | Sep. Borers of Jewelry | .. | 30 | .. | .. | 20 | 50 |Jan. Feb. Mar. | | | | | | | Jul. Ribbon Makers | 19 | 30 | 60 | 0 70 | 35 | 45 |Jan. Feb, and | | | | | | | part of Jul. Makers of Wooden | 60 | 34 | 50 | 1 00 | 15 | 40 |Mar. May. Jun. Shoes | | | | | | | Jul. Aug, Sep. Ebony Sculptors | 471 | 3 | 40 | 1 60 | 25 | 60 |Jan. Feb, Mar. (for Furniture) | | | | | | | Modern Sculptors | 448 | 15 | 40 | 2 00 | 30 | 40 |Jan. Feb. some in Bronze | | | | | | | report. Others | | | | | | | say, Jul. Aug. Wood Carvers | 424 | 39 | 30 | 1 40 | 30 | 45 |Jun. Jul. Aug. Saddle and Harness | 1,347 | 142 | 30 | 1 20 | 12 | 40 |Dec. Jan. Jul. Makers and | | | | | | | Aug. Furnishers | | | | | | | Saddle Belts and | 124 | 80 | 40 | 1 00 | 15 | 50 |Jan. Feb. Dec. Girdles | | | | | | | Saddle Spurs, | 447 | 28 | 40 | 1 60 | 20 | 50 |Three months, Plates, and | | | | | | | part in winter Ironware for | | | | | | | and part in Harnesses, &c. | | | | | | | summer. Mechanical | 959 | 16 | 30 | 1 40 | 30 | 40 |Jan. Feb. Locksmiths | | | | | | | Locks for Furniture| 760 | 7 | 60 | 1 40 | 20 | 50 | " " Settings for Jewels| 46 | 2 | 50 | 1 20 | .. | .. |Jul. Aug. Jan. Wives of patrons | | | | | | | Feb. Makers of Spar | 10 | 63 | 50 | 0 60 | 8 | 40 |Dec. Jan. Feb. Ornaments | | | | | | | Makers of Coach | 118 | 11 | 40 | 3 00 | 20 | 40 | " " " Blinds | | | | | | | Makers of Tinctures| 184 | 11 | 40 | 1 20 | 25 | 30 |Dec. Jan. Toy Manufacturers | 1,404 | 174 | 30 | 1 40 | 15 | 70 |Jan. Feb. Jul. Makers of Toy | 264 | 6 | 40 | 1 20 | 15 | 25 |Jun. Jul. Aug, Umbrellas | | | | | | | Jan. Edge Tool Makers | 854 | 2 | 30 | 1 40 | .. | 40 |Jan. Feb. Jul. | | | | | | | Aug. Tailors |11,066 |10,769 | 15 | 1 60 | 10 | 90 |Jul. Aug. Jan. | | | | | | | Feb. Tailors who work | 6,660 | 2,947 | 30 | 1 60 | 10 | 90 |1st July to by Measure | | | | | | | middle of Sep. | | | | | | | and 1st Jan. | | | | | | | to middle of | | | | | | | March. Carpet Clippers | 20 | 15 | 50 | 80 | 30 | 35 |Feb. March and Drawers | | | | | | | Upholsterers | 1,832 | 1,797 | 40 | 3 00 | 15 | 70 |Jun. Jul. Aug. | | | | | | | Sep. Dyers of Thread | 149 | 20 | 40 | 1 10 | 30 | 60 |Jul. Aug. and Woven Goods | | | | | | | Dyers, Scourers | 523 | 510 | 40 | 1 20 | 20 |1 00 |Jan. Feb. Jul. | | | | | | | Aug. Dyers of Skins for | 149 | 20 | 40 | 1 10 | 30 | 60 |Jul. Aug. Gloves | | | | | | | Makers of Cloths | 462 | 431 | 30 | 1 20 | 7 | 40 |Jul. Jan. for Robes, | | | | | | | Buttons, | | | | | | | Furniture | | | | | | | Makers of Oil Paper| 144 | 30 | 30 | 1 40 | 25 | 40 |Feb. and part and Cloth | | | | | | | of Jan. Metal Varnishers, | 300 | 111 | 40 | 1 40 | 20 | 40 |Dec. Jan. Feb. Painters, | | | | | | | Mar. Gilders, and | | | | | | | Silverers | | | | | | | Constructors and | 357 | 86 | 35 | 2 00 | 15 | 30 |Jan. Feb. Dec. Decorators of | | | | | | | Tombs | | | | | | | Metal Turners | 646 | 12 | 40 | 1 20 | 36 | .. |Jan. Feb. Mar, | | | | | | | and part of | | | | | | | July. Wood Turners | 361 | 7 | 25 | 1 10 | 30 | | " " " " " Turners of Wood | 316 | 11 | 30 | 1 00 | 30 | 60 |Jan. Feb. Mar. Furniture | | | | | | | Chair Turners | 665 | 234 | 30 | 1 20 | 15 | 50 | " " " Makers of Metal | 411 | 43 | 60 | 1 80 | 25 | 60 |Jan. Feb. Traps | | | | | | | Seamless Bags of | 20 | 29 | 30 | 0 70 | 20 | 35 |Jan. Aug. Sep. Hemp and Flax | | | | | | | Basket Makers | 231 | 27 | 18 | 1 20 | 30 | 40 |Dec. Jan. Feb. | | | | | | | and part of | | | | | | | Aug. Glass Blowers | 76 | 6 | 30 | 1 00 | .. | 40 |Jan. Feb. Mar. Painters and | 103 | 35 | 30 |2 00|20 | 50 | " " " Gilders of Glass | | | | | | | Glass and Crystal | 327 | 8 | 60 | 2 00 | 25 | 40 |Jul. Aug. Jan. Cutters, | | | | | | | Engravers and | | | | | | | Polishers | | | | | | | Makers of Glass | 13 | 90 | 60 | 1 00 | 20 | 40 |Jan. Feb. Mar. Beads | | | | | | | Vinegar Makers | 60 | 3 | 40 | 0 90 | 30 | .. |One has $80 per | | | | | | | annum, board | | | | | | | and lodging. | | | | | | | Jun. Jul. Aug. Makers of Morocco | 296 | 356 | 40 | 1 40 | 10 | 50 |Jul. Aug. Jan. for Hats, &c. | | | | | | | Feb. -------------------+-------+-------+----+------+----+-----+---------------

Some, employed in painting church windows, get $2.

REMARKS ON PRECEDING TABLES.

Employed in the thirteen groups of industrials, 112,891 women; 7,851 girls, of whom 869 were under 12--rest from 12 to 16. To every two men employed, one woman. Women more numerous than men in the manufacture of garments and materials for them. None employed in the laborious occupations. Equal in fancy wares. Highest wages of women per day, 20 francs, least 15 centimes--average, 1 franc 63 centimes.

950 women's salaries less than 60 centimes. 626 " higher than 3 francs. The bulk, or 100,050 " range between the two extremes.

Extremely low salaries are exceptional. Thus only two were so low as 15 centimes, and one of these workers was aged sixty-eight, and the other seventy-one. Women's wages are rather over half what the wages of men are.

5 centimes are equal to about one cent of our money, and a franc is equal to about 20 cents.

THE END.

Transcriber's notes:

In "By giving a suitable notice to the overseer, it is so arranged that the help can be absent from their work one day or a month." or was changed into of.

In "Another lady told me that in pattern making she gives instruction two months, paying nothing, but then they can earn $2.50, and, as they become more expert, can earn $3, $3.50, and $4.", $ was added before the figure of 3.50.

The name of the inventor of the knitting machine mentioned several times in this book (Mr. Aiken) was spelled "Aikens" on occasion; this was corrected except in the one instance which was a quotation from another document.

In "In the department of Sonne, France, women alone have the right to go into the fields", Sonne was changed into Somme.

In "Many of the young Swabian girls of thirteen or fourteen years old are sent to Stuttgard", Stuttgard was changed into Stuttgart.

There are many opening or closing quotation marks missing in the text. As in most instances, it is impossible to say where the quotation was meant to begin or end, those errors have not been corrected. Only in the following two instances were quotation marks removed:

--In >"Mrs. B., who has been twenty-three years carrying on the business on Broadway, says "she has applications constantly, but finds it difficult to obtain competent workmen."<, opening quotation mark before Mrs. B. (lacking a closing quotation mark, and since text indicates only indirect quotation) was removed.

--In >The war department, about two years ago, closed a contract with S., of Philadelphia, to furnish sixteen thousand felt hats for the army, at $2.75 each."<, closing quotation mark was removed as erroneous.

"Employee/s" is found in various different spellings throughout the book; this inconsistency has been retained.