CHAPTER II.. How Ice Periods in the Northern Hemisphere Are Brought

HOW ICE PERIODS IN THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE ARE BROUGHT ABOUT, 37–54

Northern seas during Tertiary age, 37; Gulf Stream during Tertiary times, 38; the origin of a cold period in the northern hemisphere, 38; remarks on Gulf Stream and arctic currents, 39; circulation of arctic waters, 40; arctic channels during ice age, 41; how the weight of glaciers in the northern hemisphere attracts the waters of the southern seas during ice age, 42; Professor Prestwich on the submergence of European lands, 43; the great Atlantic tide rips the head-waters of the Gulf Stream, 44; high sea-level of Atlantic calm region, 45; tropical Atlantic currents, 46; Sargasso Sea, 48; arctic and Gulf Stream currents, 49; Pacific Ocean currents, 50; slow growth of an ice period, 52; reduction of Cape Horn channel, 53; permanence of antarctic glaciers elevated above the snow-line during mild periods, 54.