CHAPTER XXV.

THE STEREOSPONDYLOUS AMPHIBIA FROM THE COAL MEASURES OF NORTH AMERICA.

DEFINITION OF THE ORDER STEREOSPONDYLIA ZITTEL, 1887.

Zittel, Handbuch der Paleontologie, Bd. III, Abth. 1, p. 397, 1887.

Large terrestrial vertebrates; largest of the class. Skull equal to one-fourth or one-third of the entire body in at least one species, Metoposaurus diagnosticus von Meyer (242). Lateral-line canals always present (458) on the skulls as deeply impressed grooves which, in life, were possibly roofed-over by a cartilaginous or other connective-tissue membrane. The sensory organs undoubtedly being supplied by the superficial ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve, branches of which pierced the cranial elements near the grooves, no evidence of such openings in the bottoms of the grooves; the condition probably being analogous to Hydrolagus colei and other chimæroids. Vertebræ stereospondylous, with well-developed neural arches from which projected the well-developed zygapophyses, sometimes slightly amphicœlous and pierced for the notochord, such forms being uncertainly placed in the group. Tail unknown, possibly short. Limbs and girdles well developed (243), phalangeal formula unknown; carpus osseous and tarsus unknown. Pectoral girdle composed of osseous scapulæ, clavicles, interclavicle, coracoid (?); clavicles and interclavicle ventrally sculptured. Pelvic girdle composed of osseous pubis, ischium, and ilium (242), the pubis a small plate, in life largely cartilaginous, the three uniting by cartilaginous union to form the acetabulum. Ventral armature unknown, possibly wanting.

Range: Pennsylvanian to Upper Triassic.

Distribution: North America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia.

=Family MASTODONSAURIDÆ Huxley, 1863.=

Huxley, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., XIX, p. 65, 1863.

Lydekker, R., Cat. Fossil Reptilia Amphibia, pt. IV, p. 141, 1890.

Skull triangular, and more or less elongated, with the cranial bones very strongly sculptured, the occipital condyles ossified (49), and large palatal vacuities; dentine of teeth with very complex plications (502); no bony rings (242) in sclerotic; and no ventral scutes. Bodies of vertebræ (49) fully ossified in the adult. There are large palato-vomerine tusks on the inner side of the maxillary teeth; and the palatines run parallel to the maxilla. The mandible has a large postarticular process; and there is a small inner series of mandibular teeth. In the type genus the pubes are separate from the ischia, and do not enter into the formation of the acetabulum; and the sacral ribs form kidney-shaped disks (393).

Represented in North America by a single tooth from the Carboniferous of Kansas. Described by Williston as Mastodonsaurus sp. (Kans. Univ. Quart., VI, pp. 209-210, pl. XXI). Represented in the Triassic of Wyoming by Anaschisma browni, Branson (49).

=Mastodonsaurus sp. indet.=

Williston, Kans. Univ. Quart., VI, p. 209, 1897.

The specimen preserved comprises the entire crown of a single vomerine (?) tooth, 38 mm. in length by 14 mm. in diameter at base (pl. 21, fig. 6). The immediate tip had been partly worn away in life, but was acuminate. It is composed of a dense blackish material, with the exterior smooth, shining black. It has about 20 narrow flutings, nearly straight, running from the base to the tip, separating shallow grooves. A transverse section of the base shows a narrow pulp-cavity not more than 5 mm. in diameter which extends in about the same proportional width to beyond the middle of the tooth, and in all probability to near the apex. The cross-section of the tooth throughout is nearly or quite circular.

A hemisection of the tooth was made near the middle, showing a structure most remarkably like that of Mastodonsaurus; so nearly alike, in fact, that there is no difference from the large figure given by Owen of a section of Mastodonsaurus (502).

The discovery of this tooth in the Kansas Coal Measures is of great interest, proving, as it does, the presence of true labyrinthodonts from a lower horizon than elsewhere recorded. The discovery of Eobaphetes kansensis Moodie in the Carboniferous of Washington County (473) would seem to indicate another labyrinthodont. The tooth from Louisville was possibly not the first evidence of labyrinthodonts in North America, since the discovery by Marsh of Eosaurus acadianus from the Coal Measures of Nova Scotia, possibly a member of the Stereospondylia, antedates this discovery 30 years. The specimen is preserved in the Museum at the University of Kansas.

AMPHIBIAN FOOTPRINTS FROM THE COAL MEASURES.

Footprints may be said to be fairly common in the Coal Measures of North America. Especial attention has been given to the classification of these objects by G. F. Matthew (408-413), Dawson (208-210) and others. Hay (317, pp. 538-553) has given a catalogue of all the species described from the Coal Measures of North America, to which the reader is referred for further information in regard to these interesting evidences of former animal activities. The writer has not been interested in the taxonomy of footprints, but has studied such as have come to his notice (465). A description of the species Dromopus agilis Marsh (fig. 43) is given here, because there is a large slab in the University of Kansas Museum which has not been figured. Since the chief interest in the present contribution is morphology, footprints are thus scantily dealt with. Leidy (374), Dawson (207), Moodie (465, pl. LXIV, fig. 1) and others have given various brief descriptions of Coal Measures footprints, probably all of which are evidences of Amphibia which are otherwise unknown.

=Dromopus agilis Marsh.=

Marsh, Jour. Sci. (3), XLVIII, p. 82, pl. ii, fig. 3; pl. iii, fig. 3, 1894.

Hay, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., No. 179, p. 543, 1902.

Type: Specimen in the Yale University Museum.

Horizon and locality: Osage limestone (Coal Measures), near Osage City, Kansas.

In 1894 Professor Marsh described a collection of footprints which he had secured from Professor B. F. Mudge, of Manhattan, Kansas, who had collected them in Osage County, Kansas, in a rock quarry, having purchased a large quantity of rock from the quarrymen for that purpose. A preliminary note by Mudge (490) was published in the Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science and later copied in the American Journal of Science. Professor Marsh's description (406) of the remains is as follows:

"The impressions are well preserved in a calcareous shale, which separates readily into thin slabs, each representing a surface of the beach at the time the footprints were made upon it. A few shells in the shale are sufficient to prove that the formation is marine (no shells are evident in the slab at the Museum of the University of Kansas, but the slab is quite arenaceous). Trails of annelids, or perhaps of other invertebrates, are seen on some of the surfaces. The footprints of vertebrate animals, however, are of paramount importance, and the large number and variety of these here recorded on a single surface, if they could be rightly interpreted, would form an interesting chapter of land vertebrate life in the Carboniferous, about which so little is at present known."

Professor Marsh's description of Dromopus agilis is as follows:

"The third series of footprints is of special interest, and indicates an animal very distinct from the two already described. The diagram represents the impression of the phalanges sufficiently in detail to indicate (406) their number and general form. A striking feature in the fore and hind feet of this animal was the long, slender digits terminated by sharp claws. Another point of interest, as recorded in the footprints, is that the animal in walking swung the hind feet outward, and so near the ground that the ends of the longer toes sometimes made trails in the mud, marking accurately the sweep of the foot. This would seem to indicate a comparatively short hind leg, rather than the long, slender one which the footprints themselves naturally suggest.

"The animal which made these interesting footprints was probably a Lacertilian rather than an Amphibian, but there is also a possibility that it was a primitive Dinosaur."

Further on Professor Marsh remarks (p. 84):

"So far as at present known, land vertebrate life began in the Carboniferous age, no footprints of other remains of this kind having been detected below the Subcarboniferous. That such remains will eventually be found in the Devonian, there can be no reasonable doubt, and perhaps even in the Silurian, if the land surfaces then existing can be explored."

This last statement of Marsh's was, of course, partly demonstrated by the discovery of footprints in the Devonian rocks of Pennsylvania, which he described in 1896 as Thinopus antiquus. The footprints of Dromopus agilis Marsh which are preserved in obverse in the University of Kansas Museum are of considerably greater length than those described by Professor Marsh. The measurements of one of the larger impressions are appended. There appear to be series of footprints of two different animals preserved on the large slab (5 by 7 feet), but their nature is essentially the same.

Measurements of Large Footprint.

mm. Greatest length 200 Greatest width 90 Length of longest toe 120 Length of shortest toe 65 Width across heel 50

The slab is No. 5 of the University of Kansas Museum of Natural History, collected in 1873 by Professor B. F. Mudge at Osage, Kansas, and presented by him to the museum in 1875.

The following list of Carboniferous amphibian (?) footprints is compiled from Hay's Catalogue of Fossil Vertebrates of North America. It is given here for the sake of completeness. Three types of amphibian footprints are described in the body of this work and they constitute the kind of material which an ichnologist has for the basis of his conclusions. The material is not very satisfactory for the morphologist, though much can be determined as to the foot structure.

Genus and species. | Author. |Horizon.| Locality. --------------------------------+----------+--------+------------------ Allopus littoralis | Marsh | CM | Osage County, KS. Anomæpus ? culbertsonii | King | " | Pennsylvania. ---- gallinuloides | King | " | " Anthracopus ellangowensis | Leidy | " | " Baropus lentus | Marsh | " | Osage County, KS. Batrachichnus plainvillensis | Woodworth| " | Massachusetts. Cheirotherium ? heterodactylum| ..... | " | Pennsylvania. ---- reiteri | Moore | " | " Collettosaurus indianænsis | Cox | " | Indiana. Crucipes parvus | Butts | " | Missouri. Dromopus agilis | Marsh | " | Osage County, KS. Hylopus caudifer | Dawson | " | Nova Scotia. ---- hardingi | Dawson | " | " ---- logani | Dawson | " | " ---- minor | Dawson | " | " ---- trifidus | Dawson | " | " ---- sp. indet | ..... | " | " Limnopus vagus | Marsh | " | Osage County, KS. Nanopus candatus | Marsh | " | " Notalacerta missouriensis | Butts | " | Missouri. Notamphibia magna | Butts | " | " Palæosauropus antiquior | Dawson | SC | Nova Scotia. ---- primævus | Lea | CM | Pennsylvania. ---- sydenensis | Dawson | " | Cape Breton Isl. ---- unguifer | Dawson | Cmg | Nova Scotia. Thenaropus leplodactylus | King | CM | Pennsylvania. ---- ovoidactylus | King | " | " ---- pachydactylus | King | " | " ---- sphærodactylus | King | " | " --------------------------------+----------+--------+------------------

Horizon abbreviations --------------------- CM = Coal Measures. SC = Subcarboniferous. Cmg = Carboniferous (millstone grit).

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE FOSSIL AMPHIBIA, WITH ESPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE AMPHIBIA FROM THE COAL MEASURES OF NORTH AMERICA.

The following literature list, containing more than six hundred titles (1824-1916), is believed to be fairly complete. It certainly includes all of the important contributions to the subject of the fossil Amphibia. A few brief bibliographies of fossil Amphibia have appeared from time to time, in special memoirs on various faunas, such as: Broili (58), Schwarz (541), Fraas (242), von Ammon (7), and Case (98). None of these have attempted a complete survey of the field. The references given below have all, or nearly all, been compiled from the original sources and every effort has been made to have them complete and accurate.

1. Abel, O. 1912. Grundzüge der Paleobiologie der Wirbelthiere. 211-220, figs. 144-150.

2. Agassiz, L. 1862. Highly interesting discovery of new Sauroid remains. Amer. Jour. Sci. and Arts, Jan., XXXIII, 138.

3. Alberti, Fr. v. 1834. Beitrag zu einer Monographic des bunten Sandsteins, Muschelkalks und Keuper.

4. ----. 1864. Ueberblick ueber die Trias. 235-241.

5. Albrecht, P. 1883. Note sur le Basioccipital des Batraciens Anoures. Bull, de Musee Roy. d'Hist. Nat. de Belgique, II, 195-198, with figs, and a plate.

6. American Naturalist. 1878. A new fauna, XII, 327-328 (Ed.).

7. Ammon, Ludwig Von. 1889. Die permischen Amphibien der Rheinpfalz, Munich. 1-117, pls. 1-5, with extensive bibliography.

8. Andrews, C. W. 1895. Note on a specimen of Keraterpeton galvani Huxley, from Staffordshire. Geol. Mag., Dec., IV, II, 81-84, fig.

9. Arldt, Theodor. 1907. Die Entwicklung der Kontinente und ihre Lebewelt. 333, Karte 10.

10. ----. 1909. Die Stegocephalen und ihre Stellung unter den Wirbelthieren. Naturw. Rundschau, XXIV, 353-355.

11. Atthey, T. 1876. On Anthracosaurus russelli. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 4, XVIII, 146-167, pls. 8-11.

12. Bailey, W. H. 1866. On the new discovery of fossil reptiles in the Carboniferous of southern Ireland. Geol. Mag., II, No. 20, 84.

13. ----. 1875. Description of a new species of Labyrinthodont Amphibian from the Coal at Jarrow Colliery near Castlecomer, Kilkenny. Rept. Brit. Assn. Adv. Sci., 62. (Describes Anthracosaurus edgei.)

14. ----. 1884. Some additional notes on Anthracosaurus edgei Bailey. Rept. Brit. Assn. Adv. Sci., 96-97 (1883).

15. Barkas, T. P. 1868. On the fauna of the low main Coal Seam, Northumberland. Geol. Mag., V, 580.

16. ----. 1869. Unusual forms of Ctenoptychius. Geol. Mag., Jan., VI, 43, 2 woodcuts.

17. ----. 1869. On a supposed mammalian tooth from the Coal Measures. Monthly Micros. Jour., II, 104, figs. 1-5.

18. ----. 1869. On the discovery of a molar of a large reptile in the Northumberland Coal Measures. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., III, 419. (Pteroplax cornuta.)

19. ----. 1869. Reptile Remains and Climadoxus. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., IV, 438-440.

20. ----. 1873. A manual of Coal Measure paleontology. London.

21. Barrell, Joseph. 1906. Origin and significance of Mauch Chunk shale. Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., XVIII, 460.

22. Baur, George. 1886. Die älteste Tarsus (Archegosaurus). Zool. Anz., No. 216, 9 Jahrg., 104-106.

23. ----. 1886. The oldest Tarsus (Archegosaurus). Amer. Nat., XX, 173-174.

24. ----. 1886. Ueber die Homologien einiger Schädelknochen der Stegocephalen und Reptilien. Anat. Anz., I, No. 13, 348-350.

25. ----. 1886. Ueber die Morphologic der Wirbelsäule der Amnioten. Biol. Centralb., VI, Nr. 11-12, 322-342, 353-363.

26. ----. 1887. On the morphology of ribs. Amer. Nat., Oct., 942-945 (Archegosaurus).

27. ----. 1887. Nachträgliche Notiz zu meinen Bemerkungen ueber die Homologie der Schädelknochen der Stegocephalen und Reptilien. Anat. Anz., 2, No. 21, 657-658.

28. ----. 1888. Morphogenie der Carpus und Tarsus der Wirbelthiere. Pt. I, Batrachia. Jena, Verlag von Gustav Fischer, 1-88, pls. 1-3, figs.

29. ----. 1894. Bemerkungen über die Osteologie der Schläfengegend der höherer Wirbelthiere. Anat. Anz., X, 315-330.

30. ----. 1896. Bemerkungen über die Phylogenie der Schildkröten. Anat. Anz., XII, 561-570. (Dissorophus.)

31. ----. 1896. The Stegocephali. A phylogenetic study. Anat. Anz., 20ten März, XI, No. 22, 657-673, with bibliography and eight figures.

32. ----. 1897. Archegosaurus. Amer. Nat., XXXI, 975-980.

32a. ----. 1897. Ueber die systematische Stellung der Microsaurier. Anat. Anz., XIV, 148-151.

33. Bayer, Franz. 1880. Palæobatrachus bohemicus von Meyer, aus der Braunkohle von Freudenhain. Sitzber. d. k. böhm. Ges. Prag., 291-298, I taf.

34. Beasley, H. C. 1900. Notes on the type specimen of Cheirotherium herculis Egerton. Proc. Liverpool Geol. Soc., XLII, 81, pl. v.

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38. Binney, E. W. 1883. Trans. Manchester Geol. Soc., VI, p. 42.

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41. Bolkay, S. J. de. 1911. On a Pleistocene predecessor of Rana fusca Rös. Mittheil. aus d. Jahrb. k. Ung. Geol. R., XIX, H. 3, 155-160, figs. 1-7.

42. Bolton, H. 1896. The animal life of the Lancashire Coal Measures. Trans. Manchester Micros. Soc., 123-135 (1895).

43. ----. 1904. The paleontology of the Lancashire Coal Measures. Trans. Manchester Geol. Soc., XXVIII, 378-420, 578-650, 668-689.

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45. ----. 1904. On the characters and affinities of the Triassic reptile Telerpeton eligense. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 470-480, pl. xxx.

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47. Bradley, Frank H. 1870. Geology of Grundy County. Geol. Surv. Illinois, IV, 196.

48. Branco, W. 1887. Weissia bavarica, nov. gen. et sp. von Stegocephalia, ein neuer Stegocephale aus dem unteren Rothliegenden. Jahrb. d. k. Preuss. Geol. Landesanstalt f. 1886, 22-39, taf. 1; also Neues Jahrb. f. Mineral., Geol. u. Paleon., 1888, 117.

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51. Braun, M. von. 1841. Bericht über die Versammlung deutscher Naturforscher und Aertze. Braunschweig, 74-75. (Trematosaurus.)

52. Braun, M. 1878. Ueber äussere Hilfsorgane bei der Begattung von Triton viridescens. Zool. Anz., I, 124.

53. British Museum. 1905. A guide to the fossil reptiles, amphibians and fishes in the department of geology and paleontology in the British Museum (Natural History). 8 plates, 116 figs., 8th ed.

54. Brodie, P. B. 1859. On the occurrence of footsteps of Cheirotherium in the Upper Keuper of Warwickshire. Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., XVI, 278.

55. Broili, F. 1899. Ein Beitrag zur Kenntniss von Eryops megacephalus Cope. Paleontographica, XLVI, 61-84, pls. 8-10.

56. Broili, F. 1902. Beiträge zur Kenntniss von Diplocaulus Cope (D. magnicornis). (Paleontographica, LI, S.) Vorläufige Mittheilung, Centralb. f. Mineral., Geol. u. Paleon., 536-541, with figs.

57. ----. 1904. Stammreptilien. Anat. Anz., XXV, No. 23, 577-587.

58. ----. 1904. Permische Stegocephalen und Reptilien. Paleontographica, LI, 1-120, 5 pls.

59. ----. 1905. Beobachtungen an Cochleosaurus bohemicus. Paleontographica, L, 1-16, pls. 12.

60. ----. 1906. Ein Stegocephalen Rest aus den Bayrischen Alpen. Centralb. f. Mineral., Geol. u. Paleon., No. 18, 568-571.

61. ----. 1908. Ueber die Rachitomen Wirbel der Stegocephalen. Monatsberichten d. deutsch. geol. Gesell., 60, Nr. 8/10, 235-240, figs. 1-7.

62. ----. 1908. Ueber Sclerocephalus aus der Gaskohle von Nürschan und das Alter dieser Ablagerungen. Jahrb. d. k. k. Geol. Reichsanstalt, LVIII, Heft I, 49-69, Taf. I.

63. ----. 1908. Systematische und Biologische Bemerkungen zu der permischen Gattung Lysorophus. Anat. Anz., XXXIII, Nr. 11/12, 290-298.

64. ----. 1909. Reviews of Literature. Neues Jahrb. f. Mineral. Geol. u. Paleon., Bd. II. Heft I, 132-138.

65. ----. 1913. Ueber zwei Stegocephalenreste aus dem texanischen Perm. Neues Jahrb. f. Mineral., Geol. u. Paleon., Bd. I, Heft 2, 96-100, Taf. IX.

66. ----. 1913. Unser Wissen über die ältesten Tetrapoden. Fortschr. d. naturwissenschaftlichen Forschung, Halle, Bd. VIII, 51-93, figs. 14-62.

67. Bronn, H. G. 1852-54. Lethea Geognostica, mit Atlas. Bd. I (2), Kohlen Periode, von F. Roemer.

68. Broom, R. 1903. On a new Stegocephalian (Batrachosuchus browni) from the Karoo Beds of Aliwal North, South Africa. Geol. Mag., n. s., Dec., IV, X, No. 473-499, 1-2, figs.

69. ----. 1904. On a new South African Labyrinthodont (Cyclosaurus albertyni). Records of the Albany Museum, I, No. 3.

70. ----. 1907. On the geological horizons of the vertebrate genera of the Karoo Formation. Records of the Albany Museum, II, No. 1.

71. ----. 1908. On a new Labyrinthodont (Rhinesuchus whaitsi) from the Permian beds of South Africa. Ann. So. African Museum, IV, pt. VIII, May 1908, 373.

72. ----. On the nomenclature of the elements of the amphibian shoulder girdle.

73. ----. 1910. A comparison of the Permian reptiles of North America with those of South Africa. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., XXVIII, art. XX, 197-234.

74. ----. 1913. On the structure of the mandible in the Stegocephalia. Anat. Anz., Bd. 45, No. 2/3, 73-78, figs.

75. ----. 1913. Studies on the Permian temnospondylous Stegocephalians of North America. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., XXXII, 563-595, 21 figs.

76. Brown, Barnum. 1908. The Conard fissure, a Pleistocene bone deposit in northern Arkansas, with description of two new genera and twenty new species of mammals. Mem. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., IX, pt. IV, 206, pl. XXII.

77. Browne, M. 1893. On some vertebrate remains not hitherto recorded from the Rhætic beds of Britain. Kept. Brit. Assn. Adv. Sci., 748.

78. Brownrigg, W. B. 1865. Jour. Roy. Geog. Soc. Ireland, I, pt. 2, 145.

79. Budgett, J. S. 1902. On the structure of the larval Polypterus. Trans. Zool. Soc. London, XVI, pt. VII, Oct.; also Works, 154-176, pls. x-xii, 1907.

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81. ----. 1850. Die Labyrinthodonten aus dem Saarbrücken Steinkohlengebirge. Quarto, pls. 1-4.

82. Butts, Edward. 1891. Recently discovered footprints of the amphibian age in the Upper Coal Measure Group of Kansas City, Missouri. Kans. City Scientist, V, No. 2, 17-19, figs.

83. ----. 1891. Footprints of new species of amphibians in the Upper Coal Measure Group of Kansas City, Missouri. Kans. City Scientist, V, 44, figs.

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85. Case, E. C. 1898. The significance of certain changes in the temporal region of the primitive reptilia. Amer. Nat., XXXII. No. 374, 69.

86. ----. 1900. The vertebrates from the Permian bone bed of Vermilion County, Illinois. Jour. Geol., VIII, 698-729, 5 plates.

87. ----. 1902. On some vertebrate fossils from the Permian beds of Oklahoma. 2d Biennial Rpt. Dept. Geol. and Nat. Hist. Territory Oklahoma, 1901-1902, 62-68.

88. ----. 1902. Paleontological notes. Jour. Geol., X, 256-261.

89. ----. 1903. New or little-known vertebrates from the Permian of Texas. Jour. Geol., XI, 394-402.

90. ----. 1907. Additional description of the genus Zatrachys Cope. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., XXIII, art. XXIX, 665-668.

91. ----. 1907. Revision of the Pelyeosauria of North America. Pub. No. 55, Carnegie Inst. Washington, Stegocephalia, 159.

92. ----. 1908. On the value of the evidence furnished by vertebrate fossils of the age of certain so-called Permian beds in America. Jour. Geol., XVI, No. 6, 572-580.

93. ----. 1908. Notes on the skull of Lysorophus tricarinatus Cope. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., XXIV, 531-533, fig. 1.

94. ----. 1908. Description of vertebrate fossils from the vicinity of Pittsburgh, Pa. Annals of the Carnegie Museum, IV, Nos. III-IV, 234-241, pl. lix, Apr.

95. ----. 1908. A great Permian delta and its vertebrate life, with restorations by the author. Pop. Sci. Month., LXXIII, No. 6, 557-568.

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98. ----. 1911. Revision of the Amphibia and Pisces of the Permian of North America. Pub. No. 146, Carnegie Inst. Washington, 1-148, pls. 1-25, 51 text-figs.

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105. Cope, E. D. 1865. On Amphibamus grandiceps, a new Batrachian from the Coal Measures. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 134-137. Sec also Geol. Surv. Ill., II, 135, fig., pl. 32, 1866.

106. ----. 1866. Remarks on extinct vertebrates of the Mesozoic Red Sandstone. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 249. (Mastodonsaurus durus.)

107. ----. 1866. Supplement to the description of vertebrates. Geol. Surv. Ill., II, 135-141, fig., pl. 32, fig. 8. (Amphibamus.)

108. ----. 1866. On the structure and distribution of the genera of the arciferous Anura. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 2d ser., V, 67-112.

109. ----. 1866. On the families of Raniform Anura. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 189.

110. ----. 1868. Synopsis of the extinct Batrachia of North America. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 208-221.

111. ----. 1868. Two Batrachians from North Carolina. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XX, 211-212. (Pariostegus myops.)

112. ----. 1869. Synopsis of the extinct Batrachia, Reptilia, and Aves of North America. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., XIV, 1-252, pls. 1-14.

113. ----. 1871. Observations on extinct Batrachia. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 53.

114. ----. 1871. Supplement to the synopsis of the extinct Batrachia and Reptilia of North America. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XII, 41-52.

115. ----. 1871. Observations on the extinct Batrachian fauna of the Carboniferous of Ohio (Linton). Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XII, 177.

116. ----. 1872. Carboniferous reptiles of Ohio. Amer. Nat., VI, 46.

117. ----. 1873. Observations on the distribution of certain extinct Vertebrata in North Carolina. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XII, 210-216.

118. ----. 1873. On some new Batrachia and Fishes from the Coal Measures of Linton, Ohio. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 340-343.

119. ----. 1874. Supplement to the extinct Batrachia, Reptilia and Aves of North America. I. Catalogue of the air-breathing Vertebrata from the Coal Measures of Linton, Ohio. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., XV, 261-278.

120. ----. 1875. Check-list of North American Batrachia and Reptilia, with a systematic list of the higher groups and an essay on geographical distribution based on the specimens contained in the U. S. National Museum. Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., I, 7-12.

121. ----. 1875. Synopsis of the Vertebrata whose remains have been preserved in the formations of North Carolina. Appendix "b" by Kerr, W. C. Rept. Geol. Surv. N. C,, Raleigh, 29-52, pls. v-viii.

122. ----. 1875. The extinct Batrachia of Ohio. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 16.

123. Cope, E.D. 1875. Synopsis of the extinct Batrachia from the Coal Measures. Geol. Surv. Ohio, II, pt. II, 351-410, pls. xxvi-xlv.

124. ----. 1876. On some extinct reptiles and Batrachia from the Judith River and Fox Hills Beds of Montana. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 357; Pal. Bull. 23.

125. ----. 1876. Description of some vertebrate remains from the Fort Union Beds of Montana. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 260. (Ceratodus hieroglyphus, an amphibian clasper?.)

126. ----. 1877. On the fossil remains of Reptilia and fishes from Illinois. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 405.

127. ----. 1877. On the Vertebrata of the Bone Bed of eastern Illinois. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XVII, 53-64.

128. ----. 1877. Report on the geology of the region of the Judith River, Montana, and on vertebrate fossils obtained on or near the Missouri River. Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. of Territories, in, art. XIX, Batrachia, 573, 576.

129. ----. 1877. Descriptions of Vertebrata from the Permian and Triassic Formations. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XVII, 182-193.

130. ----. 1877. Extinct Vertebrata from North Carolina. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., 17, 182.

131. ----. 1877. A continuation of researches among the Batrachia of the Coal Measures of Ohio. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XVI, 573-578.

132. ----. 1878. Description of extinct Batrachia and Reptilia from the Permian of Texas. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XVII, 522-526.

133. ----. 1878. The vertebra: of Rachitomus. Amer. Nat., XII, 633. (Eryops.)

134. ----. 1879. The relations of the horizons of extinct Vertebrata of Europe and North America. Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. of the Territories, V, No. I, 33-34.

135. ----. 1880. Extinct Batrachia. Amer. Nat., XIV, 609-610. Reviews Fritsch's and Wiedersheim's papers.

136. ----. 1880. The structure of the Permian Ganocephala. Amer. Nat., XIV, 383-384. (Eryops.)

137. ----. 1881. The Permian Formation of New Mexico. Amer. Nat., XV, 1020-1021. (Eryops and Zatrachys.)

138. ----. 1881. Catalogue of Vertebrata of the Permian Formation of the United States. Amer. Nat., XV, 162-164.

139. ----. 1881. Ein Uebergangsglied von den Amphibien zu den Reptilien (Cricotus). Auszug in Kosmos von Krause, Bd. 9, 230-231.

140. ----. 1881. On some new Batrachia and Reptilia from the Permian Beds of Texas. Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., VI, art. II, 79-82.

141. ----. 1882. Third contribution to the history of the Vertebrata of the Permian Formation of Texas. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XX, 447-461; Pal. Bull. 35, 451.

142. ----. 1882. The Rachitomous Stegocephalia. Amer. Nat., XVI, 335.

143. ----. 1882. Permian Vertebrata. Amer. Nat., xvi, 925.

144. ----. 1883. Fourth contribution to the history of the Permian Formation of Texas. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XX, 628-636.

145. ----. 1883. On some Vertebrata from the Permian of Illinois. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 108-110.

146. ----. 1884. The Batrachia of the Permian Period of North America. Amer. Nat., XVIII, 26-39, pls. ii-v, 7 figs.

147. ----. 1884. Fifth contribution to the fauna of the Permian of Texas and Indian Territory. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XXII, 28-30, pl. I; Pal. Bull. 39.

148. ----. 1884. Note on the phylogeny of the Vertebrata. Amer. Nat., XVIII, 1255-1256.

149. ----. 1885. The Batrachia of the Permian Beds of Bohemia and the Labyrinthodon from the Bijori Group, India. Amer. Nat., XIX, 592-594.

150. ----. 1885. Paleontological nomenclature. Geol. Mag., London (3), II, 575. (Batrachia for Amphibia.)

151. ----. 1885. The Batrachia of the Permian Beds of Bohemia. Geol. Mag., London (3), II, 527.

152. ----. 1885. Second continuation of researches among the Batrachia of the Coal Measures of Ohio. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XXII, 405-408.

153. ----. 1885. On the evolution of the Vertebrata, progressive and retrogressive. Amer. Nat., XIX, 244, Mar.

154. ----. 1886. On the structure and affinities of the Amphiumidæ. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XXIII, No. 123, 442-445, July.

155. ----. 1886. The Batrachian intercentrum. Amer. Nat., XX, 76, 175.

156. ----. 1886. Systematic catalogue of the species of vertebrates found in the Beds of the Permian Epoch of North America. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., XVI, 285-296, pls. ii-iii.

157. ----. 1887. A contribution to the history of the Vertebrata of the Trias of North America. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XXIV, 209. (Eupelor durus.)

158. ---. 1888. On the intercentrum of terrestrial vertebrates. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., XVI, 243-253, pl. I, 6 figs.

159. ----. 1888. The Ossicula Auditus of the Batrachia. Amer. Nat., XXII, 464-467, pl. vi.

160. ----. 1888. The pineal eye in extinct vertebrates. Amer. Nat., XXII, 914-917, pls. xv-xviii.

161. ----. 1888. On the shoulder girdle and extremities of Eryops. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., XVI, 362-367, with plate.

162. ----. 1888. On the relation of the hyoid and otic elements of the skeleton in the Batrachia. Jour. Morphol., II, 297-310.

163. ----. 1889. The Batrachia of North America. Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 34, I-VI, 7-514, pls. i-lxxxvi.

164. ----. 1889. Synopsis of the families of Vertebrata. Amer. Nat., XXIII, 849-877. (Published in 1898 as "Syllabus of Lectures.")

165. ----. 1892. A preliminary report on the vertebrate paleontology of the Llano Estacado. Geol. Surv. Texas, 4th Ann. Rept., 12-17.

166. ----. 1892. On the phylogeny of Vertebrata. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XXX, 278-280.

167. ----. 1892. On some new and little-known Paleozoic vertebrates. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XXX, 221-229, pls. vii-viii.

168. ----. 1893. Fritsch's Fauna of the Gaskohle of Bohemia. Amer. Nat., XXVII, 709.

169. ----. 1895. Some new Batrachia from the Permian Beds of Texas. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XXXIV, 452-457, plate ix, Nov. 15.

170. ----. 1895. A Batra chianarmadillo. Amer. Nat., XXIX, 998, Nov.

171. ----. 1896. The Paleozoic reptilian order Cotylosauria. Amer. Nat., XXX, 303. (Describes Eosauravus copei Williston, oldest known reptile.)

172. ----. 1896. Permian land vertebrates with carapaces. Amer. Nat., XXX, 936, pl. xxi.

173. ----. 1896. The ancestry of the Testudinata. Amer. Nat., XXX, 399.

174. ----. 1896. Appendix on a species of Trimerorhachis. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XXXV, 137.

175. ----. 1896. The reptilian order Cotylosauria. Supplement: Some new Batrachia from the Permian beds of Texas. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XXXIV, 455.

176. ----. 1897. On new Paleozoic Vertebrata from Illinois, Ohio, and Pennsylvania. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XXXVI, 71-90, three plates.

177. ----. 1898. Syllabus of Lectures on the Vertebrata. Batrachia, 43-51. Published for University of Pennsylvania.

178. Cox, E. T. 1874. Colettosaurus indianænsis. 5th Ann. Rept. Geol. Surv. Indiana, 247, pl. 1.

179. Credner, Hermann. 1881. Ueber Branchiosaurus amblystomus, einen neuen Stegocephalen aus den Rothliegenden-Kalke von Niederhässlich im Plauen'schen Gründe. Sitzungsb. naturf. Gesell. zu Leipzig, 43.

180. ----. 1881. Die Stegocephalen und Saurier aus dem Rothliegenden des Plauen'schen Grundes bei Dresden. I Theil: Einleitung und Branchiosaurus gracilis. Zeit. d. deutsch. geol. Gesell., XXXIII, 298-329, taf. xv-xviii.

181. ----. 1881. Die Stegocephalen und Saurier, etc. II Theil: Branchiosaurus amblystomus. Zeit. d. deutsch. geol. Gesell., XXXIII, 574-603, taf. xxii-xxiv.

182. ----. 1881. Ueber einige Stegocephalen (Labyrinthodonten) aus dem sächsischen Rothliegenden. Sitzungsb. naturf. Gesell. Leipzig, I-II. (Note on Branchiosaurus and Melanerpeton, 43, 45.)

183. ----. 1882. Ueber Melanerpeton Fritsch aus dem Rothliegenden-Kalk von Niederhässlich im Plauen'schen Grundes. Sitzungsb. naturf. Gesell. Leipzig, 45-47.

184. ----. 1882. Die Stegocephalen und Saurier, etc. III Theil: Pelosaurus laticeps, Archegosaurus decheni, A. latirostris. Zeit. d. deutsch. geol. Gesell., XXXIV, 213-237, tafeln xii-xiii.

185. ----. 1883. Die Stegocephalen und Saurier, etc. IV Theil: Branchiosaurus gracilis, Acanthostoma vorax, Melanerpeton, Discosaurus permianus. Zeit. d. deutsch. geol. Gesell., XXXV, 275-300, tafeln xi-xii.

186. ----. 1885. Die Stegocephalen aus dem Rothliegenden des Plauen'schen Grundes bei Dresden. V Theil: Melanerpeton pulcherrimum, Pelosaurus laticeps, Archegosaurus; Sparagmites arciger, Hylonomus fritschii, Hyloplesion. Zeit. d. deutsch. geol. Gesell., XXXVII, 694-736, tafeln xxvii-xxix.

187. ----. 1886. Die Stegocephalen aus dem Rothliegenden des Plauen'schen Grundes bei Dresden. VI Theil: Die Entwickelungsgeschichte von Branchiosaurus amblystomus Cred. Zeit. d. deutsch. geol. Gesell., XXXVIII, 576-633, tafeln

188. Credner, Hermann. 1886. Archegosaurus Reste aus dem Rothliegenden v. Offenbach. Zeit. d. deutsch. geol. Gesell., XXXVIII, 696.

189. ----. 1890. Die Stegocephalen und Saurier aus dem Rothliegenden des Plauen'schen Grundes bei Dresden. IX Theil: Hylonomus geinitzi, Petrobates truncatus, Discosaurus permianus. Zeit. d. deutsch. geol. Gesell., XLII, 240-277, tafeln ix-xi, figs.

190. ----. 1887. Stegocephalen des Rothliegenden. Wandtafeln mit Erläuterungen, Leipzig. Folio. Tafel i, Branchiosaurus amblystomus; Tafel ii, Pelosaurus laticeps and Melanerpeton pulcherrimum.

191. ----. 1888. Wandtafeln mit Stegocephalen des Rothliegenden. Neues Jahrb. f. Mineral. Geol. II. Paleon., Bd. I, 67-69.

192. ----. 1891. Die Urvierfüssler (Eotetrapoda) des Sächsischen Rothliegenden. Allgemein-verständliche naturwiss. Abhandl., Heft 15. Sonder-Abdruck aus der "Naturwissenschaftlichen Wochenschrift," 4-52, 53 figs.

193. ----. 1893. Die Stegocephalen und Saurier aus dem Rothliegenden des Plauen'schen Grundes bei Dresden. X Theil: Sclerocephalus labyrinthicus H. B. Geinitz. Zeit. d. deutsch. geol. Gesell., XLV, 639-704, tafeln xxx-xxxii.

194. ----. 1893. Zur Histologie der Faltenzähne Paleozoischer Stegocephalen. Abhandl. Sächs. Gesell. Wiss., XX, 545-551.

195. ----. 1897. Elemente der Geologic. Amphibia, 489-494.

196. Cummins, W. F. 1908. The localities and horizons of Permian vertebrate fossils in Texas. Jour. Geol., XVI, 737-745.

197. Cuvier, Georg. 1825. Des Batrachiens fossiles. Recherches sur les Ossemens Fossiles, 3d ed., 431-444, V, pt. II. (Homo diluvii testis et theoskopos.)

198. Davison, Alvin. 1895. A contribution to the anatomy and phylogeny of Amphiuma means. Jour. Morphol., XI, 375-410, 2 pls. (See Kingsley, Tufts College Studies, No. 7.)

199. Davis, James W. 1883. On the occurrence of remains of Labyrinthodonts in the Yorkdale rocks of Wensleydale (Carboniferous). Rept. 53d Meeting Brit. Assn. Adv. Sci., Southport, Sept., 492; see also Nature, XXVIII, 578.

200. Dawson, J. W. 1853. On the Coal Measures of the South Joggins, Nova Scotia. Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., X, 1-41, with bibliography of papers on the coal fields of Nova Scotia.

201. ----. 1855. Acadian geology. Edinburgh, 1855, Amphibia, 160.

202. ----. 1887. Carboniferous quadrupeds. The Story of the Earth and Man, 143-150. 9th ed.

203. ----. 1855. Notice of the discovery of a reptilian skull in the Coal Measures of Pictou (Nova Scotia). Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., xi, 8-9.

204. ----. 1859. New species of reptiles from the Coal Formation of Nova Scotia. Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., xvi, 273. (Describes Hylonomus.)

205. ----. 1860. On the terrestrial Molluska, a chilognathus Myriapod and some new species from the Coal Formation of Nova Scotia. Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., xvi, 268.

206. ----. 1862. Additional remains of land animals in the Coal Measures of Nova Scotia. Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., XVIII, 5-7.

206a. ----. 1862. Descriptions of specimens of fossil Reptilia discovered in the Coal Measures of the South Joggins, Nova Scotia. Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., XVIII, 238-244, pls. ix, x.

207. ----. 1863. Note on the footprint of a reptile from the coal of Cape Breton. Canadian Naturalist and Geologist, VIII, 430-431, 1 fig.; review in Neues Jahrb. f. Min., Geol. u. Paleon., 64, 752.

208. ----. 1863. Air-breathers of the Coal Period. Montreal, I-IV, 1-81, pls. 1-6. [A descriptive account of the remains of land animals found in the Coal Formation of Nova Scotia, with remarks on their bearing on the theories of the formation of coal and of the origin of species.] See also Jour. Geol. Soc., XVI, 273; XVIII, 5-19, 470; also Neues Jahrb. Mineral., Geol. u. Paleon., 1864, 507.

209. ----. 1863. Notice of a new species of Dendrerpeton and of the dermal covering of certain Carboniferous reptiles. Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., XIX, 469-473.

210. ----. 1863. Air-breathers of the Coal Period. Canadian Naturalist and Geologist, VIII, 1-12, 81-92, 161-175, 268-295, with pls. 1-6.

211. ----. 1863. The Air-breathers of the Coal Period. Amer. Jour. Sci. (2), XXXVI, 430-432.

212. ----. 1868. Land animals of the Coal Period. Acadian Geology, 1868, 2d ed., chap, XVIII, 353-382.

213. ----. 1870. Note on some new animal remains from the Carboniferous and Devonian of Canada. Geol. Mag., VII, 87; Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., XXVI, 166-167; Canadian Naturalist (2), V, 98-99. (Same paper in all: Baphetes minor.)

214. ----. 1876. On a recent discovery of Carboniferous Batrachians in Nova Scotia. Amer. Jour. Sci. (3), XII, 440-447.

215. ----. 1878. Acadian geology. Supplement to 3d edition, London, Amphibia, 57-65.

216. ----. 1882. On the results of the recent explorations of the erect trees containing animal remains in the Coal Formation of Nova Scotia. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, CLXXIII, pt. n, 621-654. pls. 39-47.

217. ----. 1882. On the results of recent explorations of the erect trees (Batrachia). Canadian Naturalist (2), X, 252-254. (Abstract.)

218. ----. 1891. On new specimens of Dendrerpeton acadianum, with remarks on other Carboniferous Amphibians. Geol. Mag. (3), VIII, 145-156, 4 figs.

219. ----. 1891. Note on Hylonomous lyelli, with photographic reproduction of skeleton. Geol. Mag., n. s., Dec., III, VIII, 258-259, pl. 8.

220. ----. 1891. On the mode of occurrence of remains of land animals in erect trees of Nova Scotia. Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada, IX, sec. IV, 127-128.

221. ----. 1894. Some salient points in the science of the earth. The Oldest Air-breathers, chap. X, 259-307, with restorations and figures.

222. ----. 1894. Preliminary note on the recent discoveries of Batrachians and other air-breathers in the Coal Formation of Nova Scotia. Canadian Record of Science, VI, 1-7, 1 fig.

223. ----. 1895. Synopsis of the air-breathing animals of the Paleozoic of Canada (up to 1894). Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada, XII, sec. IV, 71-78.

224. Deichmueller, J. V. 1882. Ueber "Die Stegocephalen aus dem Rothliegenden des Plauen'schen Grundes bei Dresden. III Theil: von H. Credner." Sitzungsb. Isis, Dresden, 71.

225. ----. 1884. Ueber Branchiosaurus petrolei, Nachträge zur Dyas III. Mittheilungen des kgl. mineral, geol. u. praehist. Museum in Dresden, Heft 6, Paleontol. Abhandl. aus dem Dresdener Museum, 5-17, Taf. I.

226. Dollo, Louis. 1884. Note sur le Batracien de Bernissart. Bull. Mus. Roy. Hist. Nat. Belg., III, 85-93, pl. iii. (Hylæobatrachus croyii from the Wealden.)

227. ----. 1885. Les Labyrinthodontes. Rev. Quest. Scientif. Bruxelles, XVII, 305-312.

228. ----. 1895. Sur la Phylogenie des Dipneustes. Bull. Soc. Beige de Geol. Paleont. Hydrol., IX, 79-178, pls. v-x. (Discusses relations to the Amphibia.)

229. Dunlop, Robert. 1910. The fossil Amphibia in the Kilmarnock Museum previous to the fire of November 26, 1909. Annals Kilmarnock Glenfield Ramblers Society, No. 6, 10, 2 pls.

230. Eastman, Chas. R. 1902. The Carboniferous fish fauna of Mazon Creek, Illinois. Jour. Geol., X, 535-541, with list of fossil vertebrates.

231. ----. 1902. Translation of Zittel's Text-book of Paleontology, vol. II, 114-139, figs. 193-235.

232. ----. 1907. Devonic fishes of the New York Formations. Memoir No. 10, New York State Mus., 180-183.

233. Eichwald, E. 1848. On Zygosaurus lucius from the Permian of Russia. Bull, de la Soc. imp. des Natl. de Moscou, xxi, 159.

234. ----. 1860. Lethæa rossica ou Paleontologie de la Russie, I, Stuttgart. 1620-1633, tafeln 57-59, Labyrinthodonten.

235. Embleton and Atthey. 1874. On the skull and other bones of Loxomma. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, xiv, 38-63, pls. iv-vii.

236. Emery, C. 1897. Die fossilen Reste von Archegosaurus und Eryops und ihre Bedeutung für die Morphologic des Gliedmassenskelets. Anat. Anz., xiv, No. 8, 201-208, figs. 1-7.

237. Emmons, E. 1857. Perm und Trias System in Nord Carolina. Edinb. n. Phil. Jour., V, 370.

238. ----. 1857. Dictyocephalus elegans Leidy. American Geology, pt. vi, Labyrinthodonts, 59, figs. 31-32.

239. ----. 1863. Dictyocephalus elegans Leidy. Manual of Geology, New York. Labyrinthodonts, 180, 184.

240. Emmrich, A. 1852. Bericht ueber die Naturforscherversammlung in Gotha im Jahre 1851. Jahrb. d. k. k. geol. Reichsanstalt, p. 155, Wien.

241. Etheridge, Robert. 1866. On the discovery of several new Labyrinthodont reptiles in the Coal Measures of Ireland. Geol. Mag., ill, 4. (See Huxley, 1867.)

242. Fraas, E. 1889. Die Labyrinthodonten der Schwäbischen Trias. Paleontographica, xxxvi, 1-158, with bibliography.

243. ----. 1896. Die Schwäbischen Trias-Saurier. Festgabe des königlichen naturalien Cabinets in Stuttgart zur 42 Versammlung der deutsch. geol. Gesell., Stuttgart, 1-8, pls. i-ii.

244. Fraas, E. 1901. Labyrinthodon aus dem Buntsandstein von Teinach. Jahreshefte des Vereins f. vaterlandische Naturkunde in Würtemberg, Jahr., LVII, 318-320.

245. ----. 1903. Die geognostische Sammlung Würtembergs im Parterre-Saal zugleich ein Leitfaden für die geologischen Verhältnisse und die vorweltlichen Bewohner unseres Landes. 2d Auflage.

246. ----. 1903. Rana danubina H. von Meyer var. rara, O. Fraas aus dem Obermiocän von Steinheim. Jahreshefte des Vereins f. vaterl. Naturkunde in Würtemberg, Jahr. 1903, 105-110, with fig.

247. ----. 1909. Rana hauffiana n. sp. aus den Dysodilschiefern des Randecker Maares. Jahreshefte des Vereins f. vaterl. Naturk. in Würtemberg, Jahr. 1909, 7, with 1 fig.

247a. ----. 1913. Neue Labyrinthodonten aus der schwäbischen Trias. Paleontographica, Bd. LX, 275-294, pls. xvi xxii, with text-figs. 1-5.

248. Frech, Fritz. 1901. Lethæa geognostica oder Beschreibung und Abbildung der für die Gebirgsformation bezeichnendsten Versteinerungen. I Theil, Lethæa; a palæozoica, 2 band. Die Dyas, 459-471, 22 figs., pl. 56.

249. Fritsch, Anton. 1870. Sitzungsberichte der k. Gesell. d. Wissen., April 27, 1870. (Describes 2 new species of Amphibia.)

250. ----. 1875. Ueber die Fauna des Pilsner und Rakonitzer Beckens. Sitzungsb. d. k. Boehmischen Gesell. d. Wissenschft., March.

251. ----. 1883-1899. Fauna der Gaskohle und der Kalksteine der Permformation Boehmens. Bd. I, 1-182, 116 figs. Tafeln i-xlviii; Bd. II, 1-64, figs. 117-142, Tafeln xlix-lxx; Bd. iv, supplement 85-98, figs. 383-394, Tafeln clxiii-clxiv. This is the chief work on extinct Amphibia.

252. ----. 1895. Ueber neue Wirbelthiere aus der Permformation Boehmens, nebst einer Uebersicht der aus derselben bekannt gewordenen Arten. Sitzungsber. d. k. Boehmisch. Gesell. der Wissenschaften, Prag, I.

253. ----. 1905. Vorläufige Notiz ueber Miscellanea Paleontologica aus Boehmen und America. Sitzungsber. d. k. Boehm. Gesell. der Wissenschaften, Prag, Kammplatten, 3.

254. Fritsch, Karl Freiherr. 1879. Referat ueber Gaudry's Sur les Reptiles des Temps primier; Nachweis von Protriton petrolei bei Oberhof in Thueringen. Neues Jahrb. f. Mineral. Geol. u. Paleon., 720.

255. Fuchs, Hugo. 1909. Betrachtungen ueber die Schläfäengegend am Schädel der Quadrupeda. Anat. Anz., XXXV, No. 5/7, 113-167, 25 figs.

256. Gadow, Hans. 1896. On the evolution of the vertebral column of Amphibia and Amniota. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, ser. B, CLXXXVII, 1-57, 56 figs., and bibliography.

257. ----. 1901. Amphibia and reptiles. Cambridge Nat. Hist., VIII, Stegocephala, So. London.

258. Gaudry, Albert. 1866. Note sur le Reptile découvert à Muse. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie de Science, August, 341.

259. ----. 1867. Mémoire sur le Reptile découvert par M. Frossard à Muse. Nouv. Archiv du Musee d'Hist. Nat., III, 22-40, pl. iii.

260. ----. 1868. Note sur L'Actinodon frossardi. Bull. Soc. Geol. de France, Ser. 2, XXV, 576.

261. ----. 1874. Les Êtres de Temps primaire. Revue Scientifique, ser. 2, XIII, 993.

262. ----. 1875. Les Reptiles des Schistes bitumineux d'Autun. Bull. Soc. Geol. de France, 3d ser., IV, 720.

263. ----. 1875. Sur la Découverte de Batraciens proprement dits dans le Terrain primaire. Comptes Rendus, LXXX, 441-443.

264. ----. 1875. Sur la Découverte de Batraciens dans le Terrain primaire. Bull, de la Soc. Geol. de France, ser. 3, in, 300-306, pls. vii-viii. (Sec also 263 above; Jour. Zool., iv, 38-41, 342.)

265. ----. 1876. Les Reptiles des Schistes bitumineux d'Autun. Bull. Soc. Geol. de France, ser. III, IV, 720-723, pl. xxii; 1879, VII, 62; 1885, 3d ser., XIII, 44.

266. ----. 1878. Sur les Reptiles de Temps primaires. Comptes Rendus, LXXXVII, 956.

267. ----. 1878. Les Vertébrés fossiles des environs d'Autun. Bull. Soc. Geol. France, VII, 62.

268. ----. 1878. Les Reptiles d. l'Êpoque Permienne aux Environs d'Autun. Bull. Soc. Geol. de France, ser. 3, VII, 62-76, pls. iii-iv.

269. ----. 1880. Sur un Reptile très perfectionné trouvé dans le terraine Permien. Comptes Rendus, XCI, 669-671.

270. ----. 1881. Sur les plus anciens Reptiles trouvés en France. Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci. Paris XCII, 1143-1145.

271. ----. 1881. On a highly organized reptile from the Permian Formation. Amer. Nat., VII, 67-71.

272. ----. 1883. Les Reptiles primaires. Arch. Zool. Exper., 2d ser., I, 5-30, pls. 1-7. with figs.

273. ----. 1883. Les Enchainements du Monde animal dans les Temps géologiques. Fossiles Primaires, with 4 figs. Paris.

274. ----. 1884. Nouvelle Note sur les Reptiles Permiens. Bull. Soc. Geol. de France, 3 ser., XIII, 44-51, pls. iv-v. Paris.

275. ----. 1884. Nouvelle Note sur les Reptiles Permiens. Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci. Paris, XCIX, 737-738.

276. ----. 1885. Paleontology in Germany and America. Revue Sci., 7, Paris; Geol. Mag. (3), II, London.

277. ----. 1886. Sur un nouveau Genre de Reptile du Permien d'Autun. Bull. Soc. Geol. de France, ser. in, XIV, 430-433, taf. 23.

278. ----. 1887. L'Actinodon. Nouvelles Archives Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, 2d ser., X, 30 pp., 3 pls.

279. ----. 1888. Les Vertébrés fossiles des environs d'Autun. Mém. Soc. d'Hist. nat. d'Autun, 90 pp. et 6 planches.

280. ----. 1885. Sur les Similitudes que plusiers Reptiles ont eues dans divers Pays de Monde ver la Fin des Temps primaires. Compte Rendus de la 3d session Congrés géologique international a Berlin, 1-4.

281. ----. 1888. Les Vertébrés fossiles des environs d'Autun. Autun.

282. ----. 1890. Les Enchainement du Monde Animal dans les Temps Géologiques, Fossiles Secondaires. Amphibia, 169.

283. Gaupp, Ernst. 1895. Beiträge zur Morphologie des Schädels. Ill: Zur vergleichenden Anatomie der Schläfengegend am knöchernen Wirbelthier-Schädel. Morphologische Arbeiten herausgegeben von G. Schwalbe, IV, I, 77-128.

284. Gegenbaur, Carl. 1862. Untersuchungen zur vergleichen. Anatomie der Wirbelsäule bei Amphibien und Reptilien. Leipzig.

285. ----. 1895. Clavicula und Cleithrum. Morphol. Jahrb., XXIII, 1-20.

286. Geikie, Archibald. 1905. Scheuchzer's "Fossil Man." Founders of Geology, 2d ed., 98-99. London.

287. Geinitz, H. B. 1864. Palæosiren beinertii Gein. ein neues Reptile aus der unteren Dyas von Oelberg bei Braman. Neues Jahrb. f. Mineral., Geol. u. Paleon., 513-516.

288. ----. 1885. Ueber Thierfährten in der Steinkohlenformation von Zwickau. Festschrift Natur. Gesell. Isis, 63-66, pl. 2.

289. ---- und Deichmueller. 1882. Ueber die fossilen Saurier in dem Kalke des Rothliegenden bei Dresden. Sitzungsber. Isis, 6-9.

290. ----. 1882. Die Saurier des unterer Dyas von Sächsen. Paleontographica, XXIX, 9-46, pls. 1-9.

291. Gergens, Dr. 1844. Letter to Professor Bronn announcing the discovery of the Apatheon described by von Meyer as an amphibian. The first announcement of Amphibia from Carboniferous. Neues Jahrb. f. Mineral., Geol. u. Paleon., 49.

292. Giebel, C. G. 1847. Fauna der Vorwelt mit steter Berücksichtigung der lebenden Thiere. Amphibia in Bd. i, Abth. 2, 165-213.

293. ----. 1854. Odontography, Leipsic.

294. Goldenburg, Fr. 1873. Fauna Saræpontana fossilis--Die fossilen Thiere aus der Steinkohlenformation von Saarbrücken. Heft I, p. 4, Taf. r, fig. i. (Anthracosaurus raniceps.)

295. Goldfuss, Dr. A. 1831. Beiträge zur Kenntniss verschiedener Reptilien der Vorwelt. Reptilien aus der schieferigen Braunkohle. Verhandlungen der k. leop. Carol. Akad. d. Naturf., XV, Abth. 1, 117-126, pls. xii-xiii.

296. ----. 1847. Ueber das älteste der mit Bestimmtheiterkannten Reptilien. Neues Jahrb. f. Mineral., Geol. u. Paleon., 400, taf. 6. (Archegosaurus.)

297. ----. 1847. Beiträge zur vorweltlichen Fauna des Steinkohlengebirgen. Bonn, quarto, taf. 1-3.

298. Goodrich, E. S. 1911. On the segmentation of the occipital region of the head in the Batrachia Urodela. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 101-120, figs.

299. Gregory, W. K. 1911. The limbs of Eryops and the origin of paired limbs from fins. Science, n.s., XXXIII, No. 848, 508-509.

300. ----. 1913. Crossopterygian ancestry of the Amphibia. Science, n. s., XXXVII, No. 960, 806-808.

300a. ----. 1915. Present status of the problem of the origin of the Tetrapoda, with special reference to the skull and paired limbs. Ann. New York Academy of Science, XXVI, 317-383, pl. iv. (Stegocephali, p. 365.)

301. Günther, Albert. 1889. On sexual differences found in bones of some recent and fossil species of frogs and fishes. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, IV, 377.

302. Gürich, G. 1884. Ueber einige Saurier des oberschles. Muschelkalkes. Zeit. d. deutsch. geol. Gesell., XXXVI, 141.

303. Hancock, A. 1869. Note on Anthracosaurus. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 4th ser., IV, 270.

304. Hancock and Atthey. 1868. Notes on the remains of some reptiles and fishes from the shales of the Northumberland Coal Field. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 4th Ser., I, 266-278, pls. xiv-xvi.

305. ----. 1869. On a new Labyrinthodont Amphibian from the Northumberland Coal Field and on the occurrence in the same locality of Anthracosaurus. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, IV, 182-189; also Nat. Hist. Trans. Northumberland and Durham, in, 1869, 330. (Urocordylus reticulatus.)

306. ----. 1870. On Urocordylus, Pteroplax. Nat. Hist. Trans. Northumberland and Durham, III.

307. ----. 1870. On the occurrence of Loxomma allmanni in the Northumberland Coal Field. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, V, 374-379.

308. ----. 1870. Description of a Labyrinthodont Amphibian; a new generic form obtained in the Coal Shales at Newsham. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. IV, VI, 56-65, pl. i. (Batrachiderpeton lineatum.)

309. ----. 1871. Description of a considerable portion of a mandibular ramus of Anthracosaurus russelli, with notes on Loxomma and Archichthys. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 4th ser., VII, 73, pl. vi.

310. ----. 1871. Batrachiderpeton. Nat. Hist. Trans. Northumberland and Durham, IV, 208.

311. Hancock and Howse. 1870. On a new Labyrinthodont Amphibian from the magnesium limestone of Midderidge, Durham. Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., XXVI, 556-564, pl. 38. Permian of England, Lepidotosaurus duffii, a Labyrinthodont of some 3 to 4 feet in length.

312. Haeckel, Ernst. 1895. Systematische Phylogenie der Wirbelthiere (Vertebrata). Amphibia, 266-283. Also History of Creation, Trans., 5th ed., 1909, n, 295-300.

313. Hatch and Corstorphine. 1905. The geology of South Africa. The Karoo System, 194.

314. Hatcher, J. B. 1905. The vertebrate fauna of the Judith River Beds. Bull. U. S. Geol.. Surv., No. 257, 67-103. (Scapherpeton and Hemitrypus.)

315. Hay, O. P. 1890. The skeletal anatomy of Amphiuma during its early stages. Jour. Morphol., IV, 11-34, with pls.

316. ----. 1900. Description of some vertebrates of Carboniferous Age. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XXXIX, No. 161, 96-123. (Amphibamus grandiceps.)

317. ----. 1902. Catalogue and bibliography of fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., No. 179, Batrachia, 409-425.

318. Hickling, G. 1909. British Permian footprints. Mem. and Proc. Manchester Lit. and Phil. Soc., 53, 30, pl. 3.

319. Hilton, Wm. A. 1902. A structural feature connected with the mating of Diemyctylus viridescens. Amer. Nat., XXXVI, 643.

320. Hoepen, E. C. N. van. 1915. Stegocephalia of Senekal. Ann. of the Transvaal Mus., V, No. 2, 125-149, pls. xvi-xxiv.

321. Hoernes, Rud. 1884. Elemente der Paleontologie, 445-453. Leipzig.

322. Hoffman, A. H. 1873-78. Amphibien. Bd. VI, 2d Abth., Bronn's Classen und Ordnungen des Thierreiches.

323. Huene, Friedrich von. 1902. Uebersicht ueber die Reptilien der Trias. Geol. u. Paleon. Abhandl., N. P., VI, H. 1, 20, 21, 81.

324. ----. 1910. Neubeschreibung des Permischen Stegocephalen-Dasyceps bucklandi aus Kenilworth. Geol. u. Paleon. Abhandl. herausgegeben v. E. Koken, N. P., VIII, H. 6, 33-46, fig. pl. i, ii.

325. ----. 1912. Beiträge zur Kenntniss des Schädels von Eryops. Anat. Anz., Bd. 41, pp. 98-104, figs.

326. ----. 1913. Ueber Lysorophus aus dem Perm von Texas. Anat. Anz., Bd. 43, 389-396.

327. ----. 1913. The skull elements of the Permian Tetrapoda in the American Museum of Natural History, New York. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., XXXII, 315-386, 57 figs.

328. Huxley, Thomas Henry. 1859. On Dasyceps bucklandi (Labyrinthodon bucklandi Lloyd). Mem. Geol. Surv. United Kingdom, 52-56, figs. 1-2; Scientific Memoirs, n, 263, figs. 1-2.

329. ----. 1859. On a fragment of a lower jaw of a large Labyrinthodont from Cubbington. Mem. Geol. Surv. United Kingdom, 56-57; Scientific Memoirs, II, 269.

330. ----. 1859. On some Amphibian and reptilian remains from South Africa and Australia. Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., XV, 642-649, pls. xxi-xxii; Scientific Memoirs, II, 120-129, pls. 7-8.

331. ----. 1862. On new Labyrinthodonts from the Edinburgh Coal Field. Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., XVIII, 291-296, pl. xi; Scientific Memoirs, II, 530-535. pl. 37.

332. ----. 1863. Description of Anthracosaurus russelli, a new Labyrinthodont from the Lanarkshire Coal-Field. Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., XIX, 56-68, figs.; Scientific Memoirs, II, 558-572, figs. 1-2.

333. ----. 1865. On a collection of vertebrate fossils from the Panchet Rocks. Ranigunj. Bengal. Mem. Geol. Surv. of India: Paleontologia Indica. ser. iv; Indian Pretertiary Vertebrata, I, Amphibia, 3-8, pls. vi, and figs.; Scientific Memoirs, in, 90-120, figs., pl. 16.

334. ----. 1867. On a collection of fossil Vertebrata from the Jarrow Colliery, County of Kilkenny, Ireland. Trans. Roy. Irish Acad., 1871, XXIV, 351-369 (Read Jan. 6, 1866), pls. xix-xxiii; Scientific Memoirs, in, 180-197, pls. 17-21.

335. ----. 1869. On a new Labyrinthodont from Bradford. Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, XXV, 309-311, pl. xi; Scientific Memoirs, III, 391-393, pl. 26.

336. ----. 1875. Amphibia. Art. in "Encyclopedia Britannica," 9th ed., I, 750-771.

337. ----. 1879. On the characters of the pelvis in the Mammalia and the conclusions respecting the origin of mammals which may be based on them. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond., XXVIII, 395-405, figs.; Scientific Memoirs, IV, 345-356, figs.

338. Jaeger, Dr. Georg Friedrick. 1824. De Ichthyosauri sive Proteosauri Fossilis Specimenibus in Agro Bollensi in Würtembergia. Folio, II. (First mention of the discovery of Labyrinthodonts, a tooth and occipital region of a cranium, which in 1833 Jaeger designated Mastodonsaurus giganteus. This was and still is the largest known amphibian.)

339. ----. 1828. Ueber die fossilen Reptilien welche im Würtemburg aufgefunden worden sind. Quarto, 35-38, pls. iv-v.

340. ----. 1833. Mastodonsaurus giganteus. Bull, de la Soc. Geol. de France, III, 86.

341. ----. 1850. Ueber die Uebereinstimmung des Pygopterus lucius Agassiz mit dem Archegosaurus decheni. Abh. Math-phys. Classe d. Bayr. Akad., V, 877, pl.

342. Jaekel, Otto. 1894. Ueber die sogennante Faltenzähne und complicirte Zahnbildung ueberhaupt. Sitzb. d. Gesell. naturf. Freunde zu Berlin, No. 5, 146.

343. ----. 1896. Ueber die Körperform und Haut Bedeckung von Stegocephalen. Sitzungsber. d. Gesell. naturf. Freunde zu Berlin, 1-8, 1 fig.

344. ----. 1896. Die Organization von Archegosaurus. Zeit. d. deutsch. geol. Gesell., XLVIII, 505-521, figs. 1-10.

345. ----. 1902. Gephyrostegus bohemicus. Zeit. d. deutsch. geol. Gesell., LIV, Heft 3, 127-132.

346. ----. 1903. Ueber die Epiphyse und Hypophyse. Sitzungsb. d. Gesell. naturf. Freunde, No. 2, 27-58.

347. ----. 1903. Ueber Ceraterpeton, Diceratosaurus und Diplocaulus. Neues Jahrb. f. Mineral., Geol. u. Paleon., Bd. I, 109-134, pls. ii-v.

348. ----1904. Ueber die Bildung der ersten Halswirbel und die Wirbelbildung im Allgemeinen. Zeit. d. deutsch. geol. Gesell., LVI, 109-119, figs.

349. ----. 1905. Ueber die primare Gliederung des Unterkiefers. Sitzungsber. d. Gesell. naturf. Freunde, No. 4, 134.

350. ----. 1909. Ueber die Klassen der Tetrapoden. Zool. Anz., XXXIV, Nr. 7/8, Apr. 20, 193-212, figs. 1-15.

351. ----. 1909. Ueber die Beurtheilung der paarigen Extremitäten. Sitzungsb. d. könig. Preuss. Akad. d. Wissen., XXVI, 707-724.

352. ----. 1913. Ueber den Ban des Schaedels. Anat. Anz., Ergänzungsheft, Bd. 44. 77-94, mit figuren.

353. Jordan, H. 1849. Ergänzende Bemerkungen zu der Abhandlung von Goldfuss ueber die Gattung Archegosaurus. Verhandl. d. naturhist. Vereines f. Rheinlande u. Westphalen, VI, 76-81, taf. 4.

354. Kayser, Friedrich. 1902. Geologie von Boehmen. Verlag von I. Taussig, 1074-1210. (Formations of Bohemia where Amphibia have been found.)

355. Kinahan, G. H. 1878. Geology of Ireland, London; The Jarrow Colliery. 116-119.

356. King, Alfred T. 1844. Description of fossil footmarks supposed to be referable, to the classes Birds, Reptilia. and Mammalia found in the Carboniferous series in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 175-179.

357. ----. 1845. Description of a fossil footmark of the quadruped Thenaropus. Amer. Jour. Sci., XLVIII, 343-352, 12 figs.; also 1 (n. s.), 268.

358. Kingsley, T. S. Systematic position of Cœcilians. Tufts College Studies No. 7 (XXX); also No. 7 (XXVIII), Amphiuma.

359. Klaatsch, Hermann. 1896. Die Brustflosse der Crossopterygier. Festschrift für Gegenbaur, Bd. I, 259-391, Taf. i-iv.

360. Knipe, Henry R. 1912. Amphibians of the Carboniferous. Evolution in the Past, 59. and plate.

361. Kunisch, Hermann. 1885. Ueber die Unterkiefer von Mastodonsaurus silesiacus Hun. Zeit. d. deutsch. geol. Gesell., XXXVII, 528-533, with figs. 1-2.

362. ----. 1890. Labyrinthodonten, Reste d. oberschles. Muschelkalkes. Zeit. d. deutsch. geol. Gesell., XLII, 377-385, Taf. XX.

363. Kutorga, Steph. 1838. Beitrag zur Kenntniss der organ. Ueberreste des Kupfersandsteines am westlichen Abhange des Urals. St. Petersburg, mit tafeln.

364. Lake, J. J. 1878. Reptiles of the primary period. English Mechanic, XXVIII, 438-439.

365. Lambe, L. M. 1902. Scapherpeton tectum--a batrachian from the Cretaceous. Contr. Canadian Paleontology, III, pt. II, 31.

366. ----. 1904. Progress of vertebrate paleontology in Canada. Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada, X, sec. IV, 13-56.

367. Laube, Gustav C. 1898. Andriasreste aus der Boehmischen Braunkohlenformation. Abhandl. d. deutsch. naturw.-med. Vereines f. Boehmen "Lotos," I, heft 2, 25.

368. ----. 1898. Amphibienreste aus dem Diatomaceenschiefer von Sulloditz. Abhandl. d. deutsch. naturw.-med. Vereines f. Boehmen "Lotos," I, heft 3, 10, taf. I, fig. 6.

369. ----. 1901. Synopsis der Wirbelthierfauna der böhm-Braunkohlenformation und Beschreibung neuer oder bisher unvollständig bekannter Arten. Abhandl. d. deutsch. naturw.-med. Vereines f. Boehmen "Lotos," II, heft 4, 52-58.

370. ----. 1909. Neue Andrias-reste aus dem Tonen von Preschen bei Bilin. "Lotos," LVII, 6.

371. Lea, Isaac. 1849. On traces of a fossil reptile (Sauropus primævus) found in the old Red Sandstone (Pennsylvania). Rep. Brit. Assn. Adv. Sci., 56, 2d part; Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., 91-94.

372. ----. 1855. Fossil footmarks in the Red Sandstone of Pottsville. 1-16, with a large plate. Large folio; Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, Apr. 1-13, Pls. 31-33.

373. Leidy, Joseph. 1856. Notices of remains of extinct vertebrated animals discovered by Professor E. Emmons. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 256. (Dictyocephalus elegans.)

374. ----. 1878. Fossil foot-tracks of the Anthracite Coal Measures. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., xxxi, 164-165.

375. Le Roy, J. J. 1874. Notiz ueber Archegosaurus decheni Goldfuss und A. latirostris Jordan. Niederl. Archiv. f. Zoologie. II, 89-98.

376. Lesley, J. P. 1889. A dictionary of the fossils of Pennsylvania and neighboring states. In three volumes. Published by the Penn. Geol. Surv.

377. Leunis, Johannes. 1883. Synopsis der Thierkunde. 3d Auflage, Bd. I, 599-631. (Amphibia.)

378. Lillie, Frank R. 1908. The development of the chick. The Vertebræ, 412-424, figs. 246, 249, 250.

379. Lloyd, G. 1849. On a new species of Labyrinthodon from the New Red Sandstone of Warwickshire. Rept. Brit. Assn. Adv. Science, 56. [See Huxley (328) and F. von Huene (324).]

380. Logan, William. 1842. Proc. Geol. Soc., London, III, pt. II, 707.

381. Lohest, Maximin. 1888. Découverte de plus ancien Amphibien connu et de quelques Fossiles remarquables de Famennien supérieur de Modave. Notice preliminaire. Ann. de la Soc. Geol. Belgique, XV, p. CXX, fig. 1.

382. Lortet, Dr. L. 1892. Les Reptiles fossiles du Bassin du Rhone. Ordre des Amphibiens, 125-127, pl. xii; Archives du Museum d'Hist. Natur. de Lyon, V.

383. Lucas, F. A. 1904. A new Batrachian and a new reptile from the Trias of Arizona. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXVII, 193-195, pl. (Heterodontosuchus, a belodont; Metoposaurus fraasii, a labyrinthodont.)

384. Lydekker, Richard. 1879. Reptilia and Batrachia (Amphibia). Paleontologia Indica, ser. IV, I, 1-36, pls. i-vi; Amphibia, 17-20, pls. iii-vi. (Pachygonia, Gonioglyptus, Mastodonsaurus.)

385. ----. 1880. A sketch of the history of the fossil Vertebrata of India. Jour. Asiatic Society Bengal, XLIX, pt. II, 8-40; Fossil Batrachians, 16, list of species, 38-39.

386. ----. 1881. Note on some Gondwana vertebrates. Rec. Geol. Surv. India, XIV, 174. (Gonioglyptus, Pachygonia, Glyptognathus.)

387. ----. 1883. Note on the Bijori Labyrinthodont. Rec. Geol. Surv. India, XVI, 93.

388. ----. 1883. Synopsis of the fossil Vertebrata of India. Rec. Geol. Surv. India, XVI, 61; Amphibia, 64, 88.

389. ----. 1885. The Reptilia and Amphibia of the Maleri and Denwa Groups. Paleontologia Indica, ser. IV, I, pt. 5, 6 pls.

390. ----. 1885. The Bijori Labyrinthodont. Paleontologia Indica, ser. IV, I, 1-14, pt. 4; also, Cope, Amer. Nat., XIX, 592.

391. ----. 1887. The fossil Vertebrata of India. Rec. Geol. Surv. India, XX, p. 68.

392. ----. 1887. Dr. Hermann Credner on the development of Branchiosaurus. Geol. Mag., n.s., Dec. III, IV, 276-278.

393. ----. 1890. Catalogue of fossil Amphibia and Reptilia in the British Museum (Natural History). Amphibia, part IV, 121-225.

394. ----. 1891. On a Labyrinthodont skull from the Kilkenny Coal Measures (Ireland). Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., XLVII, 343-347, 1 fig.

395. ----. The new natural history, V, Amphibia, 257-310; Labyrinthodontia, 311. (See also Nicholson and Lydekker (499).)

396. Lyell, Chas., and J. W. Dawson. 1853. On the remains of the reptile (Dendrerpeton acadianum) and a land shell (Coal Measures). Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., IX, 58-63, with pls.

397. Maggi, Leopoldo. 1898. Placche osteodermiche interparietali Stegocephali e rispondenti Centri Ossificazione interparietali dell 'Uomo. Reale Inst. Lombard, di Sci. Lett. (2), XXXI, 211, 228, pl. 1.

398. ----. 1897. Requitals de Recherches morphologiques sur des Os et des Fontanelles du Crâne humain. Arch. Ital. d. Biol., T. 27, 230-238.

399. Makowsky, Alex. 1876. Ueber einen neuen Labyrinthodonten Archegosaurus austricus. Sitzungsb. d. k. Akad. wiss. Wien. Math. Natur. Classe, Abth. 1, LXXIII, Heft 3, 155-166.

400. ----. und A. Rzehak. 1884. Die geologischen Verhältnisse der Umgebung von Brünen. Verhandlgn. d. Nat. Verein zu Brünn, XXII. (Die frühere Archegosaurus austricus wird zu Melanerpeton gestellt.)

401. Malbranc, M. 1875. Von der Seitenlinie und ihre Sinnesorganen bei Amphibien. Leipzig. Zeit. f. wiss. Zool., XXVI, 24, pls. 1-4.

402. Mantell, G. A. 1851. Petrifactions and their teachings. Fossil Batrachians, 183.

403. ----. 1866. Wonders of geology. Labyrinthodonts, 551.

404. Marsh, O. C. 1862. Discovery of new Enaliosaurian remains in the Coal Formation of Nova Scotia. On the saurian vertebræ from Nova Scotia. Amer. Jour. Sci. and Arts, XXXIV, Mar. 1, pl. i, figs. 1-2. See also Neues Jahrb. Mineral., Geol. u. Paleon., 1863, 247; Canad. Nat. and Geol., VII, 205-213; Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, XIX, 52-56; Huxley, Scientific Memoirs, II, 566.

405. ----. 1887. Eobatrachus agilis in the (Como Beds) Jura of North America. Amer. Jour. Sci., XXXIII, 328; Vertebrate fossils of the Denver Basin, Monograph U. S. Geol. Surv., XXVII, 508, 1897.

406. ----. 1894. Footprints of vertebrates in the Coal Measures of Kansas. Amer. Jour. Sci., XLVIII, 2d ser., July-Dec., 81-84, pls. ii-iii.

407. ----. 1896. Amphibian footprints from the Devonian. Amer. Jour. Sci. (4), II, 374-375, with

408. Matthew, G. F. 1903. New genera of Batrachian footprints of the Carboniferous system of eastern Canada. Canadian Record of Science, IX, No. 2, 99-111, with figs.

409. ----. 1903. An attempt to classify Paleozoic Batrachian footprints. Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada (2), IX (III), 1903, 109-121.

410. ----. 1903. On Batrachian and other footprints from the Coal Measures of Joggins, N. S. Bull. Nat. Hist. New Brunswick, V, No. XXI, 103-108, with plate of excellent photos; No. XXII, 247.

411. ----. 1905. Note in reference to Batrachian footprints. Bull. Soc. New Brunswick, XXI, 102.

412. ----. 1905. Note on the genus Hylopus of Dawson. Bull. Soc. New Brunswick, XXII, 247-252, figs.

413. ----. 1904. New species and a new genus of Batrachian footprints of the Carboniferous system in Eastern Canada. Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada, X (IV), 77-110, pls. 1-6.

414. Matthew, W. D. 1909. The oldest land reptiles of North America. Amer. Mus. Jour., IX, No. 4, 91-95. photos of Eryops and Diplocaulus.

415. ----.1911. The Amphibians of the great Coal Swamp. Amer. Mus. Jour., XI, No. 6, 197-200. (Restoration of Eryops.)

416. Merrill, Geo. P. 1907. Catalogue of the type and figured specimens of fossils, minerals, rocks, and ores. Part II: Fossil Vertebrates, 9-12. Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 53, pt. II. Two species of Amphibia are listed as fishes, 74, 77.

417. Metcalfe, A. T. 1884. On further discoveries of vertebrate remains in the Triassic strata of the South Coast of Devonshire,, between Budleigh, Salterton and Lidmouth. Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., XL, 257.

418. Meyer, Hermann von. 1838. Recherches sur les Ossem. foss. du gres bigarre de Soultz les Bains.

419. ----. 1834. Odontosaurus voltzii. Mem. de la Soc. d'hist. nat. de Strasbourg.

420. ----. 1842. Labyrinthodontia. Neues Jahrb. f. Mineral., Geol. u. Paleon., 301-304. (Proposes system of classification.)

421. ----. 1844. Beiträge zur Paleontologie Würtembergs, 1-41, mit 12 tafeln. Enthaltend die fossilen Wirbelthierereste aus den Triasgebilden mit besonderer Rücksicht auf die Labyrinthodonten des Keupers.

422. ----. 1844. Apatheon pedestris. Neues Jahrb. f. Mineral., Geol. u. Paleon., 336. (He regarded Apatheon as a salamander-like form, a Branchiosaurian.)

423. ----. 1845. System der fossilen Saurier. Neues Jahrb. f. Mineral., Geol. u. Paleon., 278-285.

424. ----. 1847. Die Steinbrücke von Oeningen. Fossile Batrachier. Fauna der Vorwelt, Bd. I, 18-40, pls. 9-10.

425. ----. 1847-1855. Die Saurier des Muschelkalkes mit Rücksicht auf die Saurier aus Bunten Sandstein und Keuper. Fauna der Vorwelt, Bd. II, 1-164, Pls. 58-64. Large folio. (Mastodonsaurus, Metopias, Capitosaurus.)

426. ----. 1848. Apateon pedestris aus der Steinkohlenformation von Münsterappel. Paleontographica, Bd. I, 153-154, pl. xx, fig. 1.

427. ----. 1848. Mittheilung an Professor Bronn. Labyrinthodontia. Neues. Jahrb. f. Mineral., Geol. u. Paleon., 469. (Labyrinthodon ocella.)

428. ----. 1849. Ueber den Archegosaurus der Steinkohlenformation. Paleontographica, Bd. I, 209, Dec. (1851), pl. 33.

429. ----. 1851. Mittheilung an Professor Bronn, Rana jaegeri. Neues Jahrb. f. Mineral., Geol. u. Paleon., 78.

430. ----. 1851. Beschreibung der fossilen Decapoden, Fische, Batrachier, und Säugethiere aus dem Tertiären Süsswassergebilden des nördlichen Boehmens. Paleontographica, Bd. II, 43.

431. ----. 1852. Mittheilungen an Professor Bronn. Neues Jahrb. f. Mineral., Geol. u. Paleon.: Palæobatrachus gigas, 465; Rana nöggerathi, 58; R. troscheli, 466; R. salzhauserensis, 467.

432. ----. 1853. Mittheilungen an Professor Bronn. Neues Jahrb. f. Mineral., Geol. u. Paleon.: Rana meriani, 163, 185; Palæobatrachus gigas, 162.

433. ----. 1854. Mittheilung ueber Archegosaurus. Neues Jahrb. f. Mineral., Geol. u. Paleon., 424.

434. ----. 1856. Ueber Osteophorus roemeri, Briefl. Mittheil. an Professor Bronn. Neues Jahrb. f. Mineral., Geol. u. Paleon., 824.

435. ----. 1857. Mittheilung an Professor Bronn. Neues Jahrb. f. Mineral., Geol. u. Paleon.: Palæobatrachus gracilis, 555.

436. ----. 1857. Reptilien aus der Steinkohlenformation in Deutschland. Paleontographica, Bd. VI, 219-220, text-fig. (Archegosaurus )

437. ----. 1857. Osteophorus roemeri, Beschreibung derselben in Roemer: Ueber Fisch- und Pflanzenführende Mergelschiefer des Rothliegenden bei Neundorf. Zeit. d. deutsch. geol. Gesell., IX, 61.

438. ----. 1858. Reptilien aus der Kohlsteinformation in Deutschland. Cassel, Folio; also Paleontographica, Bd. VI, 59-218, Tafeln viii-xxiii. (Archegosaurus. )

439. ----. 1858. Labyrinthodonten aus dem bunten Sandstein von Bernburg. Paleontographica, Bd. VI. 221-245, Tafeln xxiv-xxvii.

440. ----. 1858. Mittheilung an Professor Bronn. Neues Jahrb. f. Mineral. Geol. u. Paleon.: Rana danubina, 203.

441. ----. 1859. Mittheilung an Professor Bronn. Neues Jahrb. f. Mineral. Geol. u. Paleon.: Triton basalticus, 430; Andrias tschudii, 723.

442. ----. 1860. Ueber Archegosaurus. Erwiderung auf die Ausführungen von Quenstedt in "Epochen der Natur," p. 410. Briefl. Mittheil. an Professor Bronn. Neues Jahrb. f. Mineral. Geol. u. Paleon., 71-72.

443. ----. 1860. Osteophorus roemeri aus dem Rothliegenden von klein Neundorf in Schliesen. Paleontographica, Bd. VII, 99-104, pl. xi.

444. ----. 1860. Froesche aus Tertiar Gebilden Deutschlands. Paleontographica, Bd. VII, 123-182, pls. 16-22.

445. ----. 1860. Melosaurus uralensis aus der Permische System des westlichen Urals. Paleontographica, Bd. VII, 90-98, pl. x.

446. ----. 1860. Salamandrinen aus der Braunkohle am Rhein und in Boehmen. Paleontographica, Bd. VII, 47-73, pls. viii, ix.

447. ----. 1863. Heliarchon furcillatus, ein Batrachier aus der Braunkohle von Rott in Siebengebirge. Paleontographica, Bd. X, 292-298, Taf. 50, figs. 5-6.

448. ----. 1866. Reptilien aus dem Kupfersandstein Russlands. Paleontographica, Bd. XV, 97-130.

449. Miall, L. C. 1873. Report on the Labyrinthodonts of the Coal Measures. Rept. Brit. Assn. Adv. Sci., 225, pls. 1-3.

450. ----. 1874. On the classification of the Labyrinthodontia. Rept. Brit. Assn. Adv. Sci., 149-192, with 2 plates.

451. ----. 1874. The classification of the Labyrinthodonts. Geol. Mag., 2d ser., I, 513.

452. ----. 1874. On the occurrence of a Labyrinthodont in the Yorkdale Rocks of Wensleydale. Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., XXX, 775.

453. ----. 1874. On the remains of Labyrinthodontia from the Keuper Sandstone of Warwick, preserved in the Warwick Museum. Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., XXX, 417-435, pls. 26-28. (Mastodonsaurus pachygnathus; Labyrinthodon leptognathus; Diadetognathus varvicensis.)

454. ----. 1875. Sur les Labyrinthodontes du Terrain houiller. Deuxieme partie. Jour, de Zool., iv, 19-37.

455. Miller, S. A. 1889. North American geology and paleontology. Amphibia, 614.

456. Mivart, Geo. 1870. On the axial skeleton of the Urodela. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 260-278.

457. Moodie, Roy L. 1908. Dissorophus A correction. Science, n.s., XXVII, No. 679, 30.

458. ----. 1908. The lateral line system in extinct Amphibia. Jour. Morphol., XIX, No. 2, 511-540, 17 figs.

459. ----. 1908. The ancestry of the caudate Amphibia. Amer. Nat., 42, 361-373, figs. 1-10.

460. ----. 1908. The dawn of quadrupeds in North America. Pop. Sci. Monthly, LXXII, June, 558-566, 5 figs.

461. ----. 1908. The clasping organs of extinct and recent Amphibia. Biol. Bull., XIV, No. 4, Mar., 249-259, with 5 figs.

462. ----. 1909. New forms (extinct Amphibia) from the Carboniferous. Jour. Geol., XVII, No. I, Jan.-Feb., 38-82, 24 figs.

463. ----. 1909. The Carboniferous quadrupeds of Kansas, Ohio, Illinois, and Pennsylvania in their relation to the classification of the so-called Amphibia and Stegocephalia. Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci., XXII, 239-243, pls. 1-3.

464. ----. 1909. Carboniferous air-breathing vertebrates of the United States National Museum. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 37, 11-28, pls. 4-10.

465. ----. 1909. New or little-known forms of Carboniferous Amphibia in the American Museum of Natural History. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., xxvi, art. xxv, 347-357, pls. lviii-lxv.

466. ----. 1909. The Lysorophidæ. Amer. Nat., XLIII, 116. (Review.)

467. ----. 1909. The Stegocephala. Amer. Nat., XLIII, 119. (A review of paper by Hugo Schwarz.)

468. ----. 1909. The morphology of the vertebrate sacral rib. Anat. Anz., xxxiv, No. 15, 361-364.

469. ----. 1909. The Microsauria, ancestors of the Reptilia. Geol. Mag., Dec. V, VI, No. 539, 216-220, 1 fig.

470. ----. 1910. The Amphibia of the Mazon Creek Shales. Science, n. s., XXXI, No. 789, p. 233.

471. ----. 1910. The alimentary canal of a Carboniferous salamander. Amer. Nat., XLIV, No. 522, 367-375. 4 %s.

472. ----. 1910. A new Labyrinthodont from Kansas. Science, n.s.. XXXII, No. 829, Nov. 18.

473. ----. 1911. A new Labyrinthodont from the Kansas Coal Measures. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXXIX, 489-495, 4 figs.

474. ----. 1911. Two Amphibians, one of them new, from the Carboniferous of Illinois. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XL, 429-433, figs. 1-2.

475. ----. 1911. Recent contributions to a knowledge of the extinct Amphibia. Amer. Nat., XLV, June, 375-384.

476. ----. 1911. The temnospondylous Amphibia, and a new species of Eryops from the Permian of Oklahoma. Kans. Univ. Sci. Bull., V, No. 13, 235-253. Pls. xlix-liv.

477. ----. 1912. The skull structure of Diplocaulus magnicornis and the amphibian order, Diplocaulia. Jour. Morphol., XXIII, No. 1, 31-39, pls. 1-2.

478. ----. 1912. The Pennsylvanic Amphibia of the Mazon Creek, Illinois, Shales. Kans. Univ. Sci, Bull., vi, No. 2, 323-359. Pls. 1-14.

479. ----. 1912. The Mazon Creek, Illinois, Shales and their amphibian fauna. Amer. Jour. Sci., XXXIV, Sept., 277-285, figs. 1-2.

480. ----. 1912. An American Jurassic frog. Amer. Jour. Sci., XXXIV, Sept., 286-288.

481. ----. 1914. The fossil frogs of North America. Amer. Jour. Sci., XXXVIII, Dec., 531-536, figs. 1-2.

482. ----. 1914. A list of the described species of fossil Amphibia. Kans. Univ. Sci. Bull., 9, No. 2, 13-28.

483. ----. 1915. A remarkable Microsaur from the Coal Measures of Ohio. Science, n. s., XLI, No. 1044, 34-35.

484. ----. 1915. Coal Measures Amphibian with an osseous tarsus. Amer. Jour. Sci., XXXIX, May, 509-512, figs. I, 2.

485. ----. 1915. The scaled Amphibia of the Coal Measures. Science, n. s., XLI, No. 1056, 463-464.

486. ----. 1915. Some recent studies on fossil Amphibia. Amer. Nat., XLIX, June, 369-376.

487. ----. 1915. A new fish brain from the Coal Measures of Kansas, with a review of other fossil brains. Jour. Comp. Neurol., XXV, No. 2, 164.

488. ----. 1915. A further contribution to a knowledge of the lateral line system in extinct Amphibia. Jour. Comp. Neurol., XXV, No. 4, 317-328, figs. 1-9.

489. ----. 1915. Some methods of studying fossils embedded in coal. Kans. Univ. Sci. Bull., IX, No. 16, 187-193, figs. 1-3, pl. L.

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489b. ----. The Coal Measures Amphibia and the Crossopterygia. Amer. Nat., XLIX, 637-644.

490. Mudge, B. F. 1873. Recent discoveries of fossil footprints in Kansas. Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci., II, 7-9.

491. Münster, Georg, Graf Zu. 1834. Vorläufige Nachricht ueber einige neuen Reptilien im Muschelkalk von Baiern. Neues Jahrb. f. Mineral., Geol. u. Paleon., 527. (Mastodonsaurus.)

492. ----. 1836. Capitosaurus arenaceus. Neues Jahrb. f. Mineral., Geol. u. Paleon., 580.

493. ----. 1839. Mastodonsaurus adriani. Beiträge zur Petrefactionkunde, 102.

494. Murchison, Roderick I. 1872. Siluria A history of the oldest rocks in the British Isles and other countries. 5th ed., 302, 343.

495. Newberry, J. S. 1856. Description of several new genera and species of fossil fishes from the Carboniferous strata of Ohio. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VIII, 98.

496. ----. 1867. On some fossil reptiles and fishes from the coal strata of Ohio, Kentucky, and Illinois. Proc. Amer. Assn. Adv. Sci., 144-146.

497. ----. 1878. Geology of Jefferson County, Ohio. Geol. Surv. Ohio, III, 736-737.

498. ----. 1889. Palæozoic fishes of North America. Monograph U. S. Geol. Surv., xvi, 228. (Discusses Kammplatten; Amphibia of Linton, Ohio, 211-214; Fauna of Mazon Creek, 214. See also Hodge, 1878, Geol. Surv. Ohio, III, 592.)

499. Nicholson and Lydekker. 1889. Manual of paleontology. Amphibia, II, 1018-1045.

500. Oldham, Dr. R. D. 1875. On a salamandriform Labyrinthodont from the Coal Measures near Castlecomer, Ireland. Rept. Rugby School Nat. Hist. Soc., 74-76, pl. vii.

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505. ----. 1842. On the teeth of species of the genus Labyrinthodon. Trans. Geol. Soc. London, VI, pt. 2, 503-513, pl. 43, fig. 1. (Discusses validity of term Mastodonsaurus. Read Jan. 11, 1841.)

506. ----. 1847. On the Batracholites indicative of a small species of frog (Rana pusilla). Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., III, 224. (See Clark, 103, p. 221.)

507. ----. 1853. Notice of a batrachoid fossil in the British Coal Shale. Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, IX, 67-70, pl. iii.

508. ----. 1853. Notice of a batrachoid fossil Parabatrachus colei in the British Coal Shale. Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, X, 207.

509. ----. 1853. Baphetes planiceps a fossil embedded in a mass of coal from Nova Scotia. Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, X, 207-208, pl. ix.

510. ----. 1854. Description of the cranium of a Labyrinthodont reptile (Brachyops) from the Triassic of Central India. Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, X, 473. (Abstract.)

511. ----. 1855. Description of the cranium of a Lubyrinthodont reptile from Mangala, Central India. Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, XI, 37, pl.

512. ----. 1859. On the orders of fossil and recent Reptilia and their distribution in time. Rept. Brit. Assn. Adv. Sci., 153-166.

513. ----. 1861. Paleontology, 2d ed., Amphibia, 193.

514. ----. 1862. Descriptions of specimens of fossil Reptilia discovered in the Coal Measures of the South Joggins, Nova Scotia. Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, XVIII, 238-244, pls. 9-10.

515. ----. 1865. Description of some remains of an air-breathing vertebrate (Anthrakerpeton crassosteum) from the Coal Shale of Glamorganshire. Geol. Mag., II, 6-8, pls. i-ii.

516. ----. 1866. On the anatomy of the Vertebrata. Amphibia, I, 8.

517. ----. 1876. On Petrophryne granulata Ow., a Labyrinthodont reptile from the Trias of South Africa. Bull, de la Soc. Imp. de Nat. de Moscou. (Review.)

518. ----. 1876. Catalogue of the fossil Reptilia of South Africa in the collection of the British Museum. Labyrinthodontia, 67-70, pl. xx, figs. 13-20; pl. lxx, fig. 3.

519. ----. 1884. On a Labyrinthodont Amphibian from the Cape of Good Hope. Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, XL, 333, 2 pls.

520. ----. 1884. On Rhytidosteus capensis Ow., a Labyrinthodont from the Trias of Cape of Good Hope. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), XIII, 481.

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522. Pander, Chr. H. 1858. Ueber die Ctenodipterinen des devonischen Systems.

523. Pictet, F. J. 1853. Traité de paléontologie, 2d ed., tome premier.

524. Pollard, H. B. 1891. On the anatomy and phylogenetic position of Polypterus. Anat. Anz., VI, 338; Zool. Jahrb. (Morphol. Abth.), V, 1893, 387-428, with pls.

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526. Pusch, Bergrath. 1842. Fossile Batrachier und Ophidier Reste aus Podolien. Neues Jahrb. f. Mineral., Geol. u. Paleon., 179-180.

527. Quenstedt, F. A. von. 1850. Die Mastodonsaurier im gruenen Keupersandstein Würtembergs sind Batrachier, 410, 1-34, 4 Tafeln.

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532. Rjabinin, M. A. 1911. Débris de Stegocephales trouvés aux Mines de Kargala Gouvernement d'Orembourg. Bull, du Comm. Geol. St. Petersburg, XXX, No. 185, pls. 1-2.

533. ----. 1912. Ueber die Ueberreste der Stegocephalen aus den Kargalinokischen Bergwerken des Gouvernments Orenberg, St. Petersburg, 37 pages, pls. 1-2.

534. Roemer, Ferdinand. 1857. Ueber Fische und Pflanzenführende Mergelschiefer des Rothliegenden bei Klein-Neundorf und ueber Acanthodes gracilis. Zeit. d. deutsch. geol. Gesell., IX, 61.

535. Scheuchzer, J. J. 1726. Part of two human skeletons petrified. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, 1726, abridged edition, VII (1724-1734), 129. (Translated from the Latin of a letter to Sir Hans Sloan, a member of the Royal Society.)

536. Schmid, E. 1853. Die organischen Reste des Muschelkalks. Neues Jahrb. f. Mineral., Geol. u. Paleon., 15.

537. Schmidt, M. 1907. Labyrinthodontenreste aus dem Hauptkonglomerat von Altensteig im würtembergischen Schwarzwald. Stuttgart. Mittheil. d. Geol. Abth., d. K. Würtemb. Stalest. Landesamts, Jahrg. 63, No. 2, 1-10, with plate.

538. Schönfeld, G. 1911. Branchiosaurus tener Schönf. Ein neuer Stegocephal aus dem rothl. des Nordwest Sächsens. Isis, 19-43, with plate.

539. Schröder, Henry. 1913. Ein Stegocephalen Schädel von Helgoland. Jahresb. d. k. preuss. geol. Landesanstalt für 1912, 33, Theil II, Heft 2, Taf. 15-21.

540. Schwarz, Hugo. 1908. Ueber die Morphologic der Wirbelsäule der Tetrapoden. Sitzungsb. d. Gesell. naturf. Freunde zu Berlin, 315-329.

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543. Sedgwick, Adam. 1905. Stegocephali in "Student's Text-book of Zoology," II, 313.

544. Seeley, H. G. 1875. On the posterior portion of a lower jaw of Labyrinthodon (L. lavisi) from the Trias of Lidmouth. Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., XXXII, 278-284, pl. xix.

545. ----. 1879. Amphibians from the Permian Rocks of Bohemia. Geol. Mag., Dec. II, VI, 521-528, 4 woodcuts; 1885, 80-87. (A review of Fritsch's work.)

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547. Seeley, H. G. 1907. A new Labyrinthodont from the Karoo Beds, Cape Colony. Geol. Mag., Dec. V, IV, No. X, 433-434. pl. 1.

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549. Smith, John. Footprints in red calciferous sandstones in a railway cutting 2-1/4 miles N. of West Kilbride. Trans. Geol. Soc. of Glasgow, IX, 201.

550. Stejneger, Leonhard. 1904. Amphibia versus Batrachia. Science, n.s., XX, 924.

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552. Steinmann-Döderlein. 1890. Elemente der Paleontologie. Amphibia, 601.

553. Steinmann, Gustav. 1907. Einführung in die Paleontologie. Zweite Auflage. 2 Klasse: Amphibia, Lurche, 421-427, figs.

554. Stephens, A. T. 1886. On the Biloela Labyrinthodont. Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, II ser., I, 1113.

555. ----. 1888. On some additional Labyrinthodont fossils from the Hawksbury sandstone of New South Wales. Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, I (2), 1175-1192.

556. ----. 1888. Note on a Labyrinthodont fossil from Cockatoo Island (Mastodonsaurus). Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales (2), I, 931-940.

557. ----. 1888. Second note on Platyceps wilkinsoni. Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, II (2), 156-158, pl. i.

558. Sternberg, C. H. 1901. The Permian life of Texas. Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci., 94-98.

559. Stevenson, J. J. 1907. Carboniferous of the Appalachian basin. Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., XVIII, 29-178.

560. Storrie, J. 1893-4. Notes on a tooth of a species of Mastodonsaurus. Trans. Cardif. Nat. Soc., XXVI, pt. II, 105, pl.

561. Stock, Thomas. 1881. On some British specimens of the "Kammplatten" or "Kammleisten" of Professor Fritsch. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 5th ser., VIII, 90-95, pl. vi.

562. ----. 1882. Notice of some discoveries recently made in Carboniferous vertebrate paleontology. Nature, XXVII, Nov. 2d, 22. [Describes new species of Ophiderpeton (nanum) and Pteroplax (cornuta).]

563. ----. 1882. Further observations on Kammplatten and Note on Ctenopthychius pectinatus. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), IX, 253-257, pl. viii.

564. Strickler, Ludwig. 1899. Ueber den microscopischen Bau der Fältenzähne von Eryops megacephalus. Paleontographica, XLVI, 85-94, 1 fig., Tafeln xi-xii.

565. Thevenin, Armand. 1905. Sur le Découverte d'Amphibiens dans le Terrain houiller de Commentry. Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci., CXLI (26), 1268-1269.

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578. Versluys, J. 1909. Die Salamander und die ursprünglichsten vierbeinigen Landwirbelthiere. Naturwissenschaftliche Wochenschrift, Neue Folge, Bd. VIII, No. 3, 1-28, figs. 1-5.

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585. Walterstorff, W. 1887. Ueber fossile Froesche insbesondere das Gattung Palæobatrachus. Theil I, Theil II, 8vo. Jahresbericht d. naturw. Vereins zu Magdeburg, 1-81.

586. ----. 1901. Ueber ein Exemplar von Rana meriani von Meyer in Senkenbergischen Museum zu Frankfurt. Bericht Senkenb. naturf. Gesell., 39-51, pl.

587. Ward, J. 1890. On the geological features of the North Staffordshire Coal-Field. Trans. North Staffordshire Inst. of Mining and Mechanical Engineers, X, pl. ix.

588. ----. 1900. On the occurrence of Labyrinthodont remains in the Keuper sandstone of Stanton. Trans. North Staffordshire Field Club, XXXIV, 108-112, pls. iv-v.

589. ----. Paleontology of the Patty Coal Field. Mem. Geol Surv. United Kingdom, pt. III, 285-357.

590. Watson, D. M. S. 1914. The Cheirotherium. Geol. Mag., VI, I, No. 603, 395-398.

591. ----. 1912. The larger Coal Measure Amphibia. Mem. and Proc. Manchester Lit. and Philos. Soc., LVII, pt. I, No. I, 1-4, 1 pt.

592. ----. 1913. Batrachiderpeton lineatum, Hancock and Atthey, a Coal-Measure Stegocephalian. Proc. Lond. Zool. Soc., pt. IV, 949-962, with 2 plates and figures in text.

593. ----. 1913. The early evolution of the Amphibia. Rept. 83d Meeting British Assn. Adv. Sci., 532.

594. ----. 1912. On some Reptilian lower jaws. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 8th series, vol. 10, July-Dec., 573-587. with figures.

595. ----. 1913. Micropholis Stowi Huxley, a temnospondylous amphibian from South Africa. Geol. Mag., 5th Dec., 10, 340-346, with figures.

596. Weiss, Ch. Ernst. 1871. Paleontologisch geognostische Untersuchungen aus dem Gebirge auf der Südseite der rheinischen Devons. Bonn. Sitzungsb. Niederrhein Gesell., 33-35. (Archegosaurus extremity.)

597. ----. 1877. Ueber Protriton petrolei von Friedrichroda in Thüringen. Zeit. d. deutsch. geol. Gesell., XXIX, 202.

598. Wheatley, Chas. M. 1871. The bone cave of eastern Pennsylvania. Amer. Jour. Sc. (3), I, 384-385.

599. White, David. 1906. Geological position of the principal insect-bearing localities of the American Paleozoic, in "Handlirsch's Revision of American Paleozoic Insects." Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXIX, No. 1441, 664-667.

600. ----. 1907. Report of the field work in the coal districts of the state. Bull. No. 4, Illinois State Geol. Surv., 201. (Gives correlation of the Mazon Creek Beds.)

601. Wiedersheim, Robert. 1876. Die ältesten Formen des Carpus und Tarsus der heutigen Amphibien. Morphol. Jahrb., Bd. 2, 421-423, Taf. XXIX, fig. 2.

602. ----. 1878. Ueber Labyrinthodon ruetemeyeri--Anatomie der Gehirn. Abhandl. d. schweizer paleontol. Gesell., V, 1-56, mit 3 tafeln.

603. ----. 1879. Die Anatomie der Gymnophionen, pp. 1-101, Tafeln i-ix. (Refers to extinct Amphibia in connection with phylogeny.)

604. ----. 1886. Lehrbuch der vergleichenden Anatomie der Wirbelthiere. 2 Auflage.

605. ---- and W. N. Parker. 1897. Elements of the comparative anatomy of vertebrates. Translated by W. N. Parker. Labyrinthodontia, 242, fig. 1930.

606. Wilder, H. H. 1909. History of the human body. Amphibia, 541-542.

607. Williston, S. W. 1897. Some vertebrates from the Kansas Permian. Kans. Univ. Quart., ser. A, VI, No. I, 53, fig. Cricotus.

608. ----. 1897. A new Labyrinthodont from the Kansas Carboniferous. Kans. Univ. Quart., VI, No. 4, ser. A, 309, fig. and pl. (Refers tooth and skull fragments to Mastodonsaurus.)

609. ----. 1899. The Red-Beds of Kansas. Science (2), IX, 221.

610. ----. 1899. Notes on the coraco-scapula of Eryops Cope. Kans. Univ. Quart., VIII, No. 4, 185-186, pls. xxvii-xxx. (See Moodie (476).)

611. ----. 1900. Some fish teeth from the Kansas Cretaceous. Kans. Univ. Quart., ser. A, IX, No. 1, Jan., pl. vi, figs. 13, 133.

612. ----.1904. The temporal arches of the Reptilia. Biol. Bull., VII, No. 4, 175-192.

613. ----. 1908. The faunal relations of the early vertebrates. Jour. Geol., XVII, No. 5, 389-402. Also, Outlines of geologic history, Willis and Salisbury, 1910, 163-175.

614. ----. 1908. Lysorophus, a Permian Urodele. Biol. Bull., XV, No. 5, 229-240. Review in Rev. crit. de Paleozoologie 13th Annee, No. 2, 82.

615. ----. 1909. The skull and extremities of Diplocaulus. Trans. Kans. Acad. Science, XXII, 122-13 1, pls. 1-5.

616. ----. 1909. New or little-known Permian vertebrates, Trematops, new genus. Jour. Geol., XVII, No. 7, Nov., 636-658, 7 figs.

617. ----. 1909. Principal characters of the Chelydosauria, a suborder of temnospondylous Amphibians from the Texas Permian. A. A. A. S. Soc. Vert. Paleon.

618. ----. 1910. Dissorophus. Jour. Geol., VIII, No. 6, 526-535, pls. i-iii.

619. ----. 1910. Cacops, Desmospondylus, new genera of Permian Vertebrates. Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., XXI, 249-284, pls. 6-17.

620. ----. 1910. New Permian Reptiles: Rachitomous vertebræ. Jour. Geol., XXIII, No. 7, 585-600, with figs.

621. ----. 1911. American Permian vertebrates. Amphibia, 9-14, pls. xxxii, xxxviii.

622. ----. 1913. The primitive structure of the mandible in amphibians and reptiles. Jour. Geol., XXI, 625-627, 11 fig.

623. ----. 1914. The osteology of some American Permian vertebrates. Jour. Geol., XXII, No. 4,416, figs.

624. ----. 1914. Water reptiles of the past and present. Amphibia, 35, 47, and figures.

624a. ----. 1914. Broiliellus, a new genus of amphibians from the Permian of Texas. Jour. Geol., XXII, No. 1, 49-56, figs. 1-2.

624b. ----. 1914. Restorations of some American Permocarboniferous amphibians and reptiles. Jour. Geol., XXII, No. 1, 57-70, figs. 1-11.

624c. ----. 1915. Trimerorhachis, a Permian temnospondyl amphibian. Jour. Geol., XXIII, No. 3, 246-255, figs. 1-6.

624d. ----. 1916. Synopsis of the Amer. Permocarboniferous Tetrapoda. Contrib. from Walker Museum, vol. I, No. 9, pp. 200-211, figs. 38-53.

625. Wiman, Carl. 1908. Ein Paar Labyrinthodontenreste aus der Trias Spitzbergens. Bull. Geol. Inst. Univ. of Upsala, IX, 34-40, Tafeln II, Nos. 17, 18.

626. ----. 1913. Ueber das Hinterhaupt der Labyrinthodonten. Bull. Geol. Inst. of Upsala, XII, 1-7, figs. 1-8.

627. Wiman, Carl. 1914. Ueber die Stegocephalen aus der Trias Spitzbergens. Bull. Geol. Inst. of Upsala, XIII, 1-30, pls. i-ix, figs. 1-10, bibliography.

628. Woodward, A. Smith. 1891. Catalogue of the fossil fishes in the British Museum, pt. II, 474. (Note on the synonymy of Pygopterus, Colosteus, and Archegosaurus.)

629. ----. 1891. On a Microsaurian (Hylonomus wildii) from the Lancashire Coal Field. Geol. Mag., n. s., Dec. III, VIII, 211-213, with figs.

630. ----. 1897. On a new specimen of the Stegocephalian Ceraterpeton galvani Huxley. Geol. Mag., Dec. IV, IV, No. 397, 293, with plate.

631. ----. 1904. On two new Labyrinthodont skulls of the genera Capitosaurus and Aphaneramma (from the Trias of Spitzbergen). Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 170-176, with 2 pls.

632. ----. 1906. The relations of paleontology to biology. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., XVIII, No. 106, 312-318.

633. ----. 1905. Fishes and Labyrinthodonts. Paleontologica Indica, n. s., II, Memoir No. 2, 10, 2 pls.

634. ----. 1909. On a new Labyrinthodont from Oil Shale, N. S. W. Rec. Geol. Surv. N. S. W., VIII, pt. IV, 317-319. Pl. 51.

635. Woodward, H. B. 1887. The geology of England and Wales. The Northumberland Coal Field, 180.

636. Woodworth, J. B. 1900. Vertebrate footprints on Carboniferous shales of Plainville, Mass. Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., XI, 449-454, pl. 40, fig. 1.

637. Wyman, Jeffries. 1843. Analogies which exist between the structure of the teeth of the Lepidostei (Gars and Gar-pikes) and those of the Labyrinthodonts (extinct Amphibia). Proc. Bost. Nat. Hist. Soc., I, 131-132; also Silliman's Journal, 843.

638. ----. 1853. Notes on the Reptilian remains (Dendrerpeton). Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, IX, 64-66.

639. ----. 1856. On a batrachian reptile from the Coal Formation. Proc. Amer. Assn. Adv. Sci., 10th Meeting at Albany, 172-173. Reviews: Edinb. n. Philos. Jour. 1857, V, 360-361; Neues Jahrb. f. Mineral., Geol. u. Paleon., I. 857, 340.

640. ----. 1858. On some remains of batrachian reptiles discovered in the Coal Formation of Ohio. Amer. Jour. Science, XXV (2), Mar., 158-164, fig. Review: Zeit. f. gesammt Naturwissensch., XIII, 71; Neues Jahrb. f. Mineral., Geol. u. Paleon., 1858, 340.

641. Yakowlew, N. 1902. Neue Funde von Trias--Saurier auf Spitzbergen. Verhandl. Russ. k. Min. Gesell., XL, 180; Nachtrag, XLI, 165.

642. Zittel, Karl Von. 1887-1890. Handbuch der Paleontologie, I Abth., Bd. in, 337-437, Amphibia. München u. Leipsic, R. Oldenbourg, also Eastman's translation of above, 2, 114-139, figs.

643. ----. 1888. Ueber Labyrinthodon ruetimeyeri (Wiedersheim). Neues Jahrb. f. Mineral., Geol. u. Paleon., Bd. II, 17. (Regards the form as a reptile.)

644. ----. 1899. Amphibien. Geschichte der Geologie und Paleontologie. Muenchen u. Leipzig, 1899, 827.

645. Zwick, W. 1897. Beiträge zur Kenntniss des Baues und der Entwickelung der Amphibiengliedmassen, besonders des Carpus und Tarsus. Zeitschr. wissen. Zool., Bd. 63, 62-144, Taf. 4-5.

AN INDEX TO THE BIBLIOGRAPHY OF FOSSIL AMPHIBIA.

The following will be of assistance to those wishing aid in finding the literature on special phases, whether anatomical or geological, of the fossil Amphibia. The author's name and the number of his paper in the preceding bibliography are given in groups of classified subjects, beginning with distribution and ending with anatomy. The various anatomical notes of interest are especially widely scattered in papers which often deal with a variety of other subjects.

I. Geological and Geographical Distribution.

Devonian: North America: Marsh, 407. Europe: Lohest, 381; Weiss, 596; Thevenin, 566.

Mississippian: North America: Branson, 50; Barrell, 21; Lea, 371-372. Scotland: Huxley, 331-334; Atthey, n; Hancock and Atthey, 305.

Coal Measures (Pennsylvanian): North America: Agassiz, 2; Butts, 82, 83; Case, 86, 94; Cope, 105, 107, 115, 116, 118, 122, 123, 126, 127, 131, 145, 152, 167, 176; Dawson, 200-225; Eastman, 230; Hay, 316; Jaekel, 347; King, 356, 357; Marsh, 404, 406; G. F. Matthew, 408-413; Moodie, 458-465. 469-475, 478, 479, 482-486; Mudge, 490; Newberry, 495-498; Raymond, 531; Schwarz, 540, 541; Williston, 608; Wyman, 639, 640.

Europe: Andrews, 8; Atthey, n; Bailey, 12-13; Barkas, 15-20; Bolton, 42-43; Credner, 179-194 (see also under Permian); Davis, 199; Dunlop, 229; Embleton and Atthey, 235; Etheridge, 241; Fritsch, 251; Gaudry, 263-268, 278, 281, 282; Gergens, 291; Goldfuss, 297; Hancock and Atthey, 304-310; Lydekker, 394; von Meyer, 422, 426, 436; Oldham, 500; Owen, 507-509, 514, 515; Schwarz, 540; Thevenin, 565-568; Weiss, 597; Woodward, 629, 630; Woodworth, 636.

Australia: Stephens, 557; Woodward, 634.

Permian:

North America: Broili, 55, 56, 58, 63, 65; Case, 86-93, 95-100; Cope, 129, 132-133, 137, 138, 140-144, 156, 169, 170-175; Emmons, 237; Gregory, 299; W. D. Matthew, 414, 415; Moodie, 457, 458, 476, 477; Sternberg, 558; Strickler, 564; Williston, 607, 609, 610, 614, 615, 616, 617-624.

Europe: Ammon, 7; Branco, 48; Broili, 59, 60, 61, 62, 66; Credner, 179-195; Deichmueller, 224, 225; Eichwald, 233; Emery, 236; Fritsch, 251; Gaudry, 258-261, 269-282; Geinitz, 287; Geinitz und Deichmueller, 289, 290; Goldfuss, 295, 296; von Huene, 324-327; Huxley, 328; Jaekel, 344, 345; Le Roy, 375; Lloyd, 379; Lortet, 382; von Meyer, 428, 436, 442; Roemer, 534; Trautschold, 573; Twelvetrees, 576.

Africa: Broom, 68-71-73, 74.

Asia: Lydekker, 384, 386; Huxley, 333; Woodward, 633.

Triassic:

North America: Branson, 49; Cope, 106, in, 121, 157; Emmons, 237; Leidy, 373; Lucas, 383.

Europe: Alberti, 4; Burmeister, 80, 81; Fraas, 242-245, 247a; von Huene, 323; Huxley, 329; Jaeger, 338-341; Metcalfe, 417; von Meyer, 421, 425, 439; Miall, 453; Owen, 505; Quenstedt, 527; Seeley, 544; Storrie, 560; Ward, 588; Wiedersheim, 602; Woodward, 631.

Spitzbergen: Wiman, 625-627; Woodward, 631; Yakowlew, 641; Seeley, 547.

Africa: Broom, 69; Huxley, 330; Owen, 517, 519-520.

Asia: Lydekker, 384-391; Owen, 510, 511.

Australia: Huxley, 330; Stephens, 554, 555.

Jurassic:

Europe: Dollo, 226.

Comanchean:

North America: Marsh, 405; Moodie, 480, 481.

Europe: Vidal, 579, 580.

Cretaceous:

North America: Cope, 128; Hatcher, 314; Lambe, 365, 366; Williston, 611.

Tertiary:

Europe: Beyrich, 36; Bieber, 37; Cuvier, 197; Fraas, 246, 247; Günther, 301; Laube, 367-370; von Meyer, 424, 430, 444, 446, 447; Portis, 525; Scheuchzer, 535; Tschudi, 574-575; Walterstorff, 585-586.

Pleistocene:

North America: Brown, 76; Wheatley, 598.

South America: Lydekker, 393.

Asia: Clark, 103; Lydekker, 393; Owen, 506.

Europe: Lydekker, 393.

II. Phylogeny of Amphibia.

Arldt, 10; Baur, 22-25, 31; Boulenger, 44; Branson, 49; Budgett, 79; Cope, 153, 166, 173; Davison, 198; Dollo, 228; Gadow, 256; Gaudry, 280, 282; Gregory, 299, 300, 300a; Haeckel, 312; Huxley, 337; Kingsley, 358; Moodie, 489b; Owen, 512; Pollard, 524; Quenstedt, 527; Thevenin, 567-568; Versluys, 578; Vogt, 581; Wiedersheim, 601.

III. Ontogeny of Amphibia.

Ammon, 7; Credner, 187; Fritsch, 251; Hay, 315; von Meyer, 422; Thevenin, 566.

IV. Structure and Morphology of Amphibia.

Lateral-line System of Sensory Organs: Andrews, 8; Baur, 31; Branson, 49; Fraas, 242, 2470; Huxley, 333; Malbranc, 401; Miall, 450; von Meyer, 436; Moodie, 458, 465, 478, 488; Thevenin, 568.

Pineal Eye: Cope, 160; Credner, 187; Jaekel, 346.

Morphology of the Skull: Albrecht, 5; Baur, 24, 27, 29, 31; Boulenger, 44; Branson, 49; Broili, 55, 56, 66; Case, 85, 93, 98; Cope, 136, 177; Credner, 187-191; Fraas, 242, 247a; Fritsch, 251; Fuchs, 255; Gaupp, 283; Goodrich, 298; Jaekel, 347; Maggi, 397, 398; von Meyer, 428, 436, 439; Moodie, 458, 478; Owen, 511; Seeley, 546; Thevenin, 568; Thyng, 570; Williston, 612, 614, 615, 616, 619; Wiman, 626; Woodward, 631.

Brain: Wiedersheim, 602; Moodie, 487.

Ear: Cope, 159; Broom, 75.

Eye: Cope, 105, 107; Moodie, 478.

Teeth: Broili, 58; Credner, 194; Fraas, 242; Fritsch, 251; Jaekel, 342; Owen, 502, 503, 504, 505; Seeley, 548; Strickler, 564; Tomes, 571-572; Williston, 608; Wyman, 637.

Gills: Budgett, 79; Credner, 187; Cope, 123; Fritsch, 251; Gaudry, 268; Thevenin, 566-568; von Meyer, 436.

Vertebræ and Ribs: Baur, 25, 26; Broili, 61; Case, 98; Cope, 133, 136, 142, 148, 153; Credner, 179-193; Fraas, 242; Fritsch, 251; Gadow, 256; Gegenbaur, 284; Jaekel, 344, 348; Lillie, 378; Marsh, 404; von Meyer, 436; Mivart, 456; Moodie, 468; Schwarz, 540, 541; Thevenin, 565-568; Williston, 620.

Pectoral and Pelvic Arches: Broili, 62; Broom, 72; Cope, 161; Credner, 180-185; Fritsch, 251; Gregory, 299, 300a; Gegenbaur, 285; Jaekel, 347; Moodie, 478; Williston, 610, 616.

Limbs, Carpus, and Tarsus: Baur, 22, 23, 28; Cope, 161; Credner, 180-185; Emery, 236; Fritsch, 251; Gregory, 299-3003; Jaekel, 347; Wiedersheim, 601; Zwick, 645.

Clasping Organs: Barkas, 16; Blanchard, 39; Braun, 52; Hilton, 319; Moodie, 461; Fritsch, 251; Stock, 561; Newberry, 498.

Muscles: Moodie, 464.

Alimentary Canal: Moodie, 471, 474, 478.

Integument, Scales, and Structure of Bone: Jaekel, 343; Moodie, 464, 465, 478; Broili, 62; Dawson, 208.

Footprints: Barrell, 21; Branson, 50; Brodie, 54; Bulls, 82-83; Dawson, 207, 208; Fritsch, 251; Geinitz, 288; Hickling, 318; King, 356-357; Lea, 371, 372; Leidy, 374; Marsh, 406; G. F. Matthew, 408-413; Owen, 504; Moodie, 465; Pabst, 521; Smith, 549; Woodworth, 636.

INDEX.

PAGE.

Aistopoda 5, 77 Alimentary Canal 25, 58 Amblyodon 178 A. problematicum 179 American Museum 1, 8 Ames Limestone 12 Amphibamus 127 A. grandiceps 2, 7, 15, 128 A. thoracatus 132 Amphibamidæ 127 Amphibia 3 Classification 46 Definition 49 Discovery in Carboniferous 6 Geographic and Geologic Distribution 9 History of Classification 39 Anaschisma, Lateral Line System of 35 Anisodexis 164 Anthracosauridæ 187 Apoda 33 Archegosaurus 1, 7, 35 Arm 29 Atlas 27 Axis 27

Baphetes 188 B. minor 189 B. planiceps 6, 188 Baur, George 39 Brachydectes newberryi 177 Branchiosauria 4, 50 Branchiosauridæ 51 Branchiosaurus 53 Branson, E. B. 38, 192 Brown, N. H. 12 Budgett, J. S. 78

Cannelton Slates 10, 15 Carr, J. C. 13, 14, 22 Case, E. C. 9, 182 Caudata 67 Cephalerpeton ventriarmatum 133 Cercariomorphus parvisquamis 139 Clepsydrops Shales 9 Cocytinidæ 67 Cocytinus gyrinoides 68 Cope, E. D. 1, 7, 9, 34, 42, 43, 131, 207 Credner, Hermann 1, 24, 52 Cricotidæ 180 Ctenerpeton alveolatum 168

Dawson, Sir J. W. 7, 8, 19, 20, 32, 66, 194, 197 Dean, Bashford 1, 32, 187 Dendrerpeton 19, 194 D. acadianum 194 D. oweni 196 Dermal Appendages 197 Devonian 10, 37 Diceratosaurus 8, 116 D. lævis 121 D. punctolineatus 117 D. robustus 123 Diplocaulia 34 Dromopus 37, 201 D. aduncus 37 D. agilis 201

Eobaphetes 191 E. kansensis 192 Eosauravus 1, 87, 176 Eosaurus acadianus 7, 189 Eoserpeton tenuicorne 124 Erierpeton branchialis 69 Erpetobrachium mazonensis 152 Erpetosaurus 97 E. acutirostris 108 E. minutus 105 E. obtusus 99 E. radiatus 98 E. sculptilis 106 E. tabulatus 101 E. tuberculatus 110 Eryopidæ 182 Eryops 23, 34, 182 Euamphibia 46, 49 Eumicrerpeton parvum 57 Eurythorax sublævis 172 Eye 25, 131

Footprints 15, 201 Fritsch, Anaton 5, 54, 77, 78 Fritschia curtidentata 85

Gergens, Dr. 6 Gurley, W. F. E. 9, 12

Hay, O. P. 8, 129 Hussakof, Louis 1, 16, 172 Huxley, Thomas H. 3, 137 Hylerpeton 83 H. dawsonii 83 H. intermedium 84 H. longidentatum 84 Hylonomidæ 79 Hylonomus 79 H. latidens 81 H. lyelli 80 H. multidens 81 H. wymani 81 Hylopus logani 6 Hyoid 25 Hyphasma lævis 7

Ichthycanthidæ 173 Ichthycanthus 173 I. ohiensis 173 I. platypus 174 Ichthyerpeton squamosum 137

Jaekel, Otto 8, 118 Joggins, The South (Nova Scotia) 19

Kammplatten 5 Kittanning Coal 15, 16

Lacoe, R. D. (Collection of) 1 Lateral Line System 32 Leg 3, 95 Lepospondylia 76 Leptophractus 169 L. dentatus 171 L. lineolatus 171 L. obsoletus 169 Linton, Ohio, Coal Measures 16 Amphibia of 18 Logan, William 6 Louisville, Kansas 10 Lydekker, Richard 44, 77 Lyell, Charles 19, 20

Macrerpetidæ 183 Macrerpeton 184 M. deani 186 M. huxleyi 184 Mandible 25, 103 Marsh, O. C. 10, 37, 189, 202 Mastodonsauridæ 20 Mastodonsaurus sp. indet 200 Matthew, G. F. 8, 22 Mauch Chunk 37 Mazon Creek Shales 7, 12 Amphibia of 13 Mazonerpeton 61 M. costatum 63 M. longicaudatum 61 Meyer, Hermann von 6 Micrerpeton 51 M. caudatum 52 Microsauria 4, 34 76 Relation to Reptilia 77 Mississippian Amphibia 37 Molgophidæ 149 Molgophis 149 M. brevicostatus 150 M. macrurus 149 M. wheatleyi 151 Morphology of Coal Measures Amphibia 23 Muscle 32 Myocommata 30

Necturus 33, 56 Newberry, J. S. (Collections of) 1, 8, 17, 18 Nyraniidæ 137

Occiput 25 Odonterpeton triangularis 111 Œstocephalus 145 O. rectidens 147 O. remex 145 Operculum 172 Osage City, Kansas 10

Palate 24, 104 Parabatrachus 7 Pectoral Girdle 29, 107 Pelion 7, 72 P. lyelli 73 Peliontidæ 72 Pelvic Girdle 29 Phlegethontia 155 P. linearis 156 P. serpens 156 Phoenix Tunnel, Pennsylvania 10 Pholidogaster 3 Pitcairn, Pennsylvania 12 Platystegos loricatum 199 Pleuroptyx clavatus 12, 19, 153 Proteida 67 Proterpeton gurleyi 12, 178 Ptyoniidæ 141 Ptyonius 141 P. marshii 143 P. nummifer 144 P. pectinatus 141 P. serrula 144 P. vinchellianus 143

Raniceps 7 Ribs 27

Salientia 72 Saurerpeton latithorax 165 Sauropleura 157 S. digitata 159 S. (Anisodexis) enchodus 164 S. foveata 163 S. longidentata 162 S. newberryi 160 S. pauciradiata 160 S. scutellata 158 Sauropleuridæ 30, 157 Scales 31, 197 Schwarz, Hugo 8, 28 Sclerotic plates 24 Scutes 162 Skin 164, 197 Skull 23 Smilerpeton aciedentatum 82 South Joggins, Nova Scotia 7, 19 Sparodus sp. 66 Spondylerpeton spinatum 181 Stegopidæ 113 Stegops 113 S. divaricata 114 Stereospondylia 5, 34, 200 Sternum 30

Tarsus 176 Teeth 25 Temnospondylia 5, 34, 180 Thinopus antiquus 10, 37 Thyrsidium fasciculare 147 Traquair, R. H. 5 Triton walthi 50 Tuditanidæ 86 Tuditanus 86 T. brevirostris 89 T. longipes 90 T. minimus 92 T. punctulatus 87 T. walcotti 94 Twin Mounds, Kansas 22

Udden, J. A. 11 Urocordylidæ 116

Ventral Scutellæ 30 Vertebræ 27, 181 Vertebral Column 27

Wiedersheim, Robert 30 Williston, S. W. 2, 10, 200 Wyman, Jeffries 7

Zamenis flagellum 5

* * * * *

Transcriber Note

Images were moved to prevent splitting paragraphs. Hyphenation was standardized to the most prevalent form. The table on page 201 was modified (Horizon names and Kansas were abbreviated) to reduce the width.