Part 25

Dark fawn above; on the outer third of the wings often shaded with reddish; on the under side both wings are green, the fore wings with a short band of white spots on the outer third; the hind wings with a white spot on the costa beyond the middle and two or three conspicuous white spots near the anal angle. Expanse 1.10 inch.

The eggs are laid on the buds of Hosackia argophylla. The insect ranges from Oregon and California eastward as far as Colorado.

(21) Thecla behri Edwards, Plate LXXXVII, Fig. 2, ♂, under side (Behr’s Hair-streak).

On the upper side the wings are broadly reddish fulvous on the disk, with the costa and outer margins of both wings broadly dark brown or black. The under side is accurately shown in our cut, and therefore needs no description. Expanse 1.10 inch.

This species is also found in Oregon and California, and ranges as far east as Colorado.

(22) Thecla titus (Fabricius), Plate LXXXVII, Fig. 3, ♂, under side (The Coral Hair-streak).

On the upper side uniformly gray-brown, although occasionally specimens of the female sex have a few red spots on the hind wing at the anal angle. On the under side the hind wings have a conspicuous submarginal band of coral-red spots, as shown in our cut. Expanse 1.30 inch.

The caterpillar feeds on the leaves of the wild cherry and wild plum. The insect ranges from the Atlantic to the Rocky Mountains and from Maine to the latitude of northern Georgia.

(23) Thecla clytie Edwards, Plate LXXXVII, Fig. 4, ♂ (Clytie).

The upper side of this pretty little insect is well delineated in our figure. On the lower side the wings are white, with the usual marginal and transverse markings quite small and faint. Expanse .90 inch. The species occurs in Texas, Arizona, and northern Mexico.

GENUS FENISECA GROTE (THE HARVESTER).

Small, bright orange-yellow on the upper side, the costal and outer margin of the fore wings and the basal half of the hind wings dark brown. On the under side more or less mottled with gray and brown, the markings of the upper side reappearing. Egg sub-globular, much wider than high, marked with a multitude of fine and indistinct raised ridges disposed in the form of polygonal cells. Caterpillar slug-shaped, covered with bristling spines, upon which it gathers the scales of the mealy bugs upon which it feeds. Chrysalis brown in color, showing a remarkable likeness to the face of a monkey, a phenomenon which also appears in the case of its allies of the genus Spalgis found in Africa and Asia, as the writer has pointed out.

Only one species of the genus is known.

(1) Feniseca tarquinius (Fabricius), Plate LXXXVIII, Fig. 1, ♂ (The Harvester).

There is considerable variation in the size of the dark markings on the upper side of the wings, and in some specimens they almost entirely disappear. Expanse 1.30 inch. Ranges from Nova Scotia to the Carolinas, and through Mississippi valley.

GENUS CHRYSOPHANUS DOUBLEDAY (THE COPPERS).

Small butterflies with the upper side of the wings some shade of coppery red or orange, often glossed with deep purple. On the under side the wings are marked with a multitude of spots and lines. Egg hemispherical, flattened on the base, pitted above with polygonal or circular depressions. Larva slug-shaped, thickest in the middle and tapering either way, head very small. Chrysalid rounded at either end, and supported by a silken girdle a little forward of the middle.

The genus is found in both hemispheres. There are over a dozen species in the United States, five of which we have selected for illustration.

(1) Chrysophanus xanthoides (Boisduval), Plate LXXXVIII, Fig. 2, ♂ (The Great Copper).

This is the largest species of the genus in America. On the under side the wings are creamy white, and the spots of the upper side reappear as black markings, which show forth very distinctly on the lighter ground. Expanse 1.50-1.65 inch.

The species is confined to the western half of the continent.

(2) Chrysophanus hypophlæas (Boisduval), Plate LXXXIX, Fig. 1, ♀ (The American Copper).

This is one of the commonest butterflies in the United States. Everybody has seen it flitting about upon lawns and in gardens. The figure we give is unmistakable. Expanse 1.00 inch.

The caterpillar feeds upon common sorrel (Rumex acetosella). The insect ranges from Hudson Bay to the Gulf States, but does not invade the hot belt about the Gulf.

(3) Chrysophanus epixanthe (Boisduval & Leconte), Plate LXXXIX, Fig. 2, ♂ (The Least Copper).

The smallest species in the genus, confined to the north. The male above has the wings fuscous, shot with violet, with a few red spots near the anal angle of the hind wings. The female is pale gray above, more profusely marked with dark spots than the male. Below the wings are pale gray sprinkled with bluish scales at the base, marked as above. Expanse 0.85-0.95 inch.

Common from Newfoundland to British Columbia, never south of New England.

(4) Chrysophanus thoë (Boisduval & Leconte), Plate LXXXIX, Fig. 3, ♂ (The Bronze Copper).