Part 21

Helmholtz, Hermann von, on life, 25, 161.

Henderson, Lawrence J., his "Fitness of the Environment," 73; his concession to the vitalists, 83, 85; on the environment, 86-88; a thorough mechanist, 88, 89.

Horse-power, 177, 178.

Hudson River, "blossoming of the water," 283.

Huxley, Thomas Henry, on the properties of protoplasm, 31, 126, 127; on consciousness, 95, 181, 262; on the vital principle, 101, 126, 127, 140; his three realities, 140; a contradiction in his philosophy, 255, 256.

Hydrogen, the atom of, 65.

Idealist, view of life, 218-222.

Inorganic world, beauty in decay in, 228, 229.

Intelligence, characteristic of living matter, 134, 139, 151-154; pervading organic nature, 223.

Irritability, degrees of, 216, 217.

James, William, 254.

Kant, Immanuel, quoted, 221.

Kelvin, Lord, 83.

King, Starr, 244.

Lankester, Sir Edwin Ray, quoted, 128, 141; his "plasmogen," 145, 146.

Le Dantec, Felix Alexandre, his "Nature and Origin of Life," 73, 79, 80; on consciousness, 80; on the artificial production of the cell, 83; on the mechanism of the body, 224.

Leduc, Stephane, his "osmotic growths," 167, 168.

Liebig, Baron Justus von, quoted, 83.

Life, may be a mode of motion, 5; evolution of, 6; its action on matter, 8, 9; its physico-chemical origin, 9; its appearance viewed as accidental, 10-14; Bergson's view, 14-17, 27-29; Sir Oliver Lodge's view, 17, 18; and energy, 17-23; theories as to its origin, 24-27; Tyndall's view, 28-30; Verworn's view, 30, 31; the vitalistic view, 32-38; matter as affected by, 39; not to be treated mathematically, 40; a slow explosion, 41, 42; an insoluble mystery, 43, 44; relations with the psychic and the inorganic, 44, 45; compared with fire, 54, 55; the final mystery of, 69, 70; vitalistic and mechanistic views, 71-114; Benjamin Moore's view, 106-113; the theory of derivation from other spheres, 104; spontaneous generation, 105; plays a small part in the cosmic scheme, 115-119; mystery of, 120; nature merciless towards, 120-124; as an entity, 124-130; evanescent character, 131, 132; Prof. Schaefer's view, 133-138; intelligence the characteristic of, 134, 139, 151-154; power of adaptation, 147-149; versatility, 155, 156; the fields of science and philosophy in dealing with, 161-166, 173-176; simulation of, 167, 168; and protoplasm, 169; and the cell, 170; variability, 171, 172; the biogenetic law, 174; relation to energy, 177-183; an x-entity, 181, 182; struggle with environment, 185, 186; as a chemical phenomenon, 187; inadequacy of the mechanistic view, 212-243; degrees of, 216, 217; arises, not comes, 230; a metaphysical problem, 231; as a wave, 231; its adaptability, 253; a vitalistic view, 254-289; naturalness of, 263-268; advent and disappearance, 268, 269; the unscientific view, 274, 275; analogy with the question of perpetual motion, 277, 278; no great gulf between animate and inanimate, 285; a cosmic view, 289. See also Living thing, Vital force, Vitalism, Vitality.

Light, measuring its speed, 60.

Liquids, molecular behavior, 200.

Living thing, not a machine, 1-3, 212-214; viewed as a machine, 34-37, 224-228; a unit, 215; adaptation, 215, 216; contrasted and compared with a machine, 241, 242.

Lodge, Sir Oliver, 183, 197; his view of life, 17, 18, 34, 132, 161, 219, 237; his vein of mysticism, 34; on the ether, 62, 63, 66; on molecular spaces, 65; on radium, 201; on the atom, 203; on electrons, 203.

Loeb, Jacques, on mechanism, 10-13, 73; his experiments, 74, 76, 79, 147; on variations, 148.

Machines, Nature's and man's, 224-226; contrasted and compared with living bodies, 241, 242.

Maeterlinck, Maurice, on the Spirit of the Hive, 82.

Man, evolution of, 246-251; as the result of chance, 255; as a part of the natural order, 258, 259; his little day, 269.

Matter, as acted upon by life, 8, 9; creative energy immanent in, 9; change upon entry of life, 39; constitution of, 43, 44, 46-48; a state of the ether, 63; changes in, 131, 133; Emerson on, 188; discrete, 196; emanations detected by smell and taste, 198, 199; a hole in the ether, 203; origin of its properties, 204-206; a higher conception of, 259-261; common view of grossness of, 274, 275.