Section 1. Parasite Host Catalogue. Part Ii. Neuroptera, Odonata,

Orthoptera, Psocoptera, Siphonaptera, Thysanoptera. 35 pp. Commonwealth Bureau of Biological Control, Ottawa.

THOMSON, J. G., and LUCAS, CATHERINE L. T.

1926. A preliminary note on the study of Endamoeba blattae (Bütschli, 1878) Leidy, 1879, found parasitic in the intestine of Blatta orientalis in England, with some remarks on its generic status. Journ. Trop. Med. Hyg., vol. 29, pp. 41-43, 1 pl.

TILLYARD, R. J.

1926. The insects of Australia and New Zealand. 560 pp.

TIMBERLAKE, P. H.

1924. Records of the introduced and immigrant chalcid flies of the Hawaiian Islands (Hymenoptera). Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc., vol. 5, pp. 418-449.

TODA, T.

1923. Cholera and the ship "cockroach." Journ. Hyg., vol. 21, pp. 359-361.

TODD, A. C.

1941. An addition to the life history of Leidynema appendiculatum (Leidy, 1850) Chitwood, 1932, a nematode parasitic in cockroaches. Journ. Parasitol., vol. 27, Suppl, pp. 34-35.

1943. Thelastoma icemi (Schwenck), a nematode of cockroaches. Journ. Parasitol., vol. 29, pp. 404-406.

1944. On the development and hatching of the eggs of Hammerschmidtiella diesingi and Leidynema appendiculatum, nematodes of roaches. Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc., vol. 63, pp. 54-67.

TOWNES, H.

1949. The nearctic species of Evaniidae (Hymenoptera). Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 99, pp. 525-539.

1951. Family Evaniidae. Genus Astata Latreille. In Muesebeck, C. F. W.; Krombein, K. V.; Townes, H. K., and others, Hymenoptera north of Mexico. U. S. Dept. Agr. Agr. Monogr. No. 2, pp. 655-656, 939-940.

TRAGER, W.

1932. A cellulase from the symbiotic intestinal flagellates of termites and of the roach, Cryptocercus punctulatus. Biochem. Journ., vol. 26, pp. 1762-1771.

TRAVASSOS, L. P.

1917. Contribuções para o conhecimento da fauna helmintológica brazileira. VI. Revisão dos acantocefalos brazileiros. Parte I. Fam. Gigantorhynchidae Hamann, 1892. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, vol. 9, pp. 5-61, 24 pls.

1929. Contribuição prelíminar á systemática dos nematóides dos artrópodes. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, Suppl. No. 5, pp. 19-25.

TRAVIS, B. V.

1932. A discussion of synonymy in the nomenclature of certain insect flagellates, with the description of a new flagellate from the larvae of Ligyrodes relictus Say (Coleoptera-Scarabaeidae). Iowa State Coll. Journ. Sci., vol. 6, pp. 317-323.

TREAT, MARY.

1876. Carnivorous plants of Florida. Harper's Month. Mag., vol. 53, pp. 710-714.

TRYON, H.

1926. Poultry--Manson's eye worm. Queensland Agr. Journ., vol. 25, p. 272.

TSCHUDI, J. J. VON

1847. Travels in Peru, during the years 1838-1842. 506 pp. London.

TUCKER, R. W. E.

1952. The insects of Barbados. Journ. Agr., Univ. Puerto Rico, vol. 36, pp. 330-363.

TULLOCH, J. B. G.

1939. Insects and other things which arrive by steamer from overseas. Entomologist, vol. 72, pp. 114-116.

TURNER, H. J.

1930. South London Entomological Society. Entomologist, vol. 63, p. 143.

TURNER, R. E.

1912. Notes on fossorial Hymenoptera.--X. On new species from the Oriental and Ethiopian Regions. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 10, pp. 361-377.

1917. On a collection of Sphecoidea sent by the Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, Bihar. Mem. Dept. Agr. India, Ent. ser., vol. 5, pp. 173-205.

UICHANCO, L. B.

1953. Some features of the distribution of insect life on Philippine mountains. Proc. 7th Pacific Sci. Congr., Pacific Sci. Assoc., Auckland and Christchurch, New Zealand, 1949, vol. 4 (Zoology), pp. 350-357.

USINGER, R. L., and LARIVERS, I.

1953. The insect life of Arno. Atoll Res. Bull. No. 15, Pacific Science Board, Nat. Acad. Sci., Nat. Res. Council, Washington, D. C., 28 pp. (Processed.)

USMAN, S.

1949. Some observations on the biology of Tetrastichus hagenowii, Ratz.--An egg parasite of the house-cockroach (Periplaneta americana, L.). Current Sci., Bangalore, vol. 18, pp. 407-408.

UVAROV, B. P.

1954. The desert locust and its environment. In Cloudsley-Thompson, J.L., ed., Biology of deserts. Inst. Biol., London, pp. 85-89.

VALCURONE, MARIA L., and BAGGINI, A.

1957. Sulle sostanze antibatteriche di origine entomologica. Boll. 1st. Sieroterap. Milanese, vol. 36, pp. 283-305.

VALENTE, D.

1949. Feeding habits of some Brazilian amphibians. Bol. Fac. Filos. Univ. São Paulo, Zool., 1949, pp. 335-337.

VALENTIN, G.

1836. Hygrocrocis intestinalis, eine auf der lebendigen und ungestört functionirenden Schleimhaut des Darmkanales vegetirende Conferve. Rep. Anat. Physiol., vol. 1, pp. 110-114, 1 pl.

VALLETTA, A.

1955. Second contribution to a list of the Orthoptera of the Maltese Islands. Ent. Month. Mag., vol. 91, pp. 55-56.

VAN CLEAVE, H. J.

1946. Remarques sur le genre Moniliformis (Acanthocéphales) et particulièrement sur les espèces parasites des rats. Ann. Parasitol., vol. 21, pp. 142-147.

VAN ZWALUWENBURG, R. H.

1928. The interrelationships of insects and roundworms. Bull. Exp. Stat. Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Assoc., Ent. ser., No. 20, 68 pp.

1946. Recent immigrant insects. Hawaiian Planters' Rec., vol. 50, pp. 11-17.

1950. New wasp records. Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc., vol. 14, p. 16.

VERRILL, A. E.

1902. The Bermuda Islands: Their scenery, climate, productions, physiography, natural history, and geology; with sketches of their early history and changes due to man. Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts and Sci., vol. 11, pp. 413-956.

VESTERGAARD, KAREN.

1958. Cockroaches. In Annual Report 1955-1956, Government Pest Infestation Lab., Springforbi, Denmark, p. 14.

VILLADOLID, D. V.

1934. Food habits of six common lizards found in Los Baños, Laguna, Philippine Islands. Philippine Journ. Sci., vol. 55, pp. 61-67.

VLASOV, ȊȂ. P.

1929. Biology of Phlebotomus sergenti Parrot. (In Russian.) Russek. Zhurn. Trop. Med., Med. Vet. Parazitol., vol. 7, pp. 688-692. [Translated by D. Kraus.]

1933. Die Fauna der Wohnhöhlen von Rhombomys opimus Licht. und Spermophilopsis leptodactylus Licht. in der Umgebung von Aschhabad. Zool. Anz., vol. 101, pp. 143-158.

VLASOV, ȊȂ. P., and MIRAM, E. F.

1937. Cockroaches and Orthoptera from the burrows around Ashkhabad. (In Russian.) Trudy Sov. Izuch. Proizvod. Sil, Akad. Nauk, S.S.S.R., Ser. Turkmenskaia, vol. 9, pp. 259-262. [Pertinent sections translated by M. Ycas.]

VOLLBRECHTSHAUSEN, R.

1953. Bakterien als Symbioten, Synöken und Parasiten bei Phyllodromia germanica. Zeitschr. Parasitenk., vol. 15, pp. 437-456. [Translated by H. L. Middleton.]

VORHIES, C. T., and TAYLOR, W. P.

1922. Life history of the kangaroo rat, Dipodomys spectabilis spectabilis Merriam. U. S. Dept. Agr. Dept. Bull. 1091, 40 pp.

WAINWRIGHT, C. J.

1898. Birmingham Entomological Society. Entomologist, vol. 31, p. 304.

WALDEN, B. H.

1922. Abundance of the German roach in a city dump. Blattella germanica, Linn. Connecticut Agr. Exp. Stat. Bull. No. 234, pp. 188-189.

WALKER, E. M.

1912. The Blattidae of Ontario. Canadian Ent., vol. 44, pp. 171-172.

WALKER, J. J.

1904. Antipodan field notes. II. A year's insect hunting in New Zealand. Ent. Month. Mag., vol. 40, p. 70.

WALKER, T. J., JR.

1957. Ecological studies of the arthropods associated with certain decaying materials in four habitats. Ecology, vol. 38, pp. 262-276.

WALLACE, A. R.

1869. The Malay Archipelago: The land of the orang-utan and the bird of paradise. 638 pp. New York.

1891. Natural selection and tropical nature. 492 pp. London.

WALLICK. L. S.

1954. The effects of overcrowding upon Blattella germanica with respect to weight and longevity. M.S. thesis, Ohio State Univ., 33 pp.

WARD, H. B.

1918. Parasitic roundworms. In Ward, H. B., and Whipple, G. C., Freshwater biology, pp. 506-552. New York.

WATERSTON, J.

1914. New species of Chalcidoidea from Ceylon. Bull. Ent. Res., vol. 5, PP. 325-342.

WATSON, J. M.

1945. A new sporozoon, Gregarina rhyparobiae n. sp., from a tropical cockroach, Rhyparobia maderae. Parasitology, vol. 36, pp. 195-198.

WATSON, MINNIE, E.

1915. Some new gregarine parasites from Arthropoda. Journ. Parasitol., vol. 2, pp. 27-36, 2 pls.

1916. Studies on gregarines. Including descriptions of twenty-one new species and a synopsis of the eugregarine records from the Myriapoda, Coleoptera and Orthoptera of the world. Illinois Biol. Monogr., vol. 2, pp. 213-468, 15 pls.

1917. Observations on polycystid gregarines from Arthropoda. Journ. Parasitol., 1916, vol. 3, pp. 65-75.

WATSON, W.

1907. Tropical cockroach. In Lucas, W. J., Additions to the wild fauna and flora of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: VI. Roy. Bot. Gard., Kew, Bull. Misc. Inform., No. 10, pp. 402-403, 1 pl.

WEBER, N. A.

1938. The food of the giant toad, Bufo marinus (L.), in Trinidad and British Guiana with special reference to the ants. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., vol. 31, pp. 499-503.

1954. The insect fauna of an Iraq oasis, the city of Baghdad. Ent. News, vol. 65, pp. 178-182, 203-206.

WEBER, P. W.

1948. Rhipidius pectinicornis Thunberg. Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc., vol. 13, p. 202.

1951. Anastatus blattidarum Ferrière. Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc., vol. 14, p. 223.

WEBSTER, W. H. B.

1834. Narrative of a voyage to the southern Atlantic Ocean in the years 1828, 29, 30, performed in H. M. Sloop Chanticleer, under the command of the late Captain Henry Foster, F. R. S. &c. by order of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty. Vol. 1, 399 pp. London.

WEDBERG, S. E.; BRANDT, C. D.; and HELMBOLDT, C. F.

1949. The passage of microorganisms through the digestive tract of Blaberus craniifer mounted under controlled conditions. Journ. Bact., vol. 58, pp. 573-578.

WEILL, R.

1929. 2. Notes protistologiques indochinoises (première série). La présence d'un infusoire du genre Isotricha (I. caulleryi n. sp.) chez un insecte (Periplaneta americana Forbes) et sa signification possible. Arch. Zool. Exp. et Gén., Notes et Rev., vol. 69, pp. 21-26.

WEISS, H. B.

1917. Undesirable insect immigration into New Jersey. Canadian Ent., vol. 49, pp. 293-298, pl. XIV.

WELCH, E. V.

1939. Insects found on aircraft at Miami, Fla., in 1938. Publ. Health Rep., vol. 54, pp. 561-566.

WELCH, F. D.

1935. Large foreign cockroach in Kent. Entomologist, vol. 68, p. 122.

WELLMER, L.

1910. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Sporozoenfauna Ostpreussens. Zool. Anz., Leipzig, vol. 35, pp. 530-534.

1911. Sporozoen ostpreussicher Arthropoden. Schrift. Phys.-Ökonom. Ges. Königsberg i. Pr., vol. 52, pp. 103-164, 1 pl.

WENRICH, D. H.

1932. The relation of the protozoan flagellate, Retortamonas gryllotalpae (Grassi, 1879) Stiles, 1902 to the species of the genus Embadomonas Mackinnon, 1911. Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc., vol. 51, pp. 225-238.

WESTWOOD, J. O.

1839. An introduction to the modern classification of insects ... vol. 1, 462 pp. London.

1843. On Evania and some allied genera of hymenopterous insects. Trans. Ent. Soc. London., vol. 3, pp. 237-278.

1854. Economy of Evania. Proc. Ent. Soc. London, 1854, in Trans. Ent. Soc. London, n. s., vol. 3, pp. 21-22.

1854a. The cockroach parasite. Gardener's Chron. and Agr. Gaz., No. 33, p. 533.

1869. Exhibitions, etc. Proc. Ent. Soc. London, April 5, 1869, in Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1869, p. x.

1876. Exhibitions, etc. Meeting of November 1, 1876. Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1876, p. xxxii.

WETMORE, ALEXANDER.

1916. Birds of Porto Rico. U. S. Dept. Agr. Dept. Bull. 326, 140 pp.

1940. A systematic classification for the birds of the world. Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 99, No. 7, pp. 1-11.

WHARTON, D. R. A.; MILLER, G. L.; and WHARTON, M. L.

1954. The odorous attractant of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana (L.). I. Quantitative aspects of the response to the attractant. Journ. Gen. Physiol., vol. 37, pp. 461-469.

WHARTON, R. H.

1951. The behaviour and mortality of Anopheles maculatus and Culex fatigans in experimental huts treated with DDT and BHC. Bull. Ent. Res., vol. 42, pp. 1-20, 1 pl.

WHEELER, W. M.

1889. The embryology of Blatta germanica and Doryphora decimlineata. Journ. Morphol., vol. 3, pp. 291-386.

1900. A new myrmecophile from the mushroom gardens of the Texas leaf-cutting ant. Amer. Nat., vol. 34, pp. 851-862.

1910. Ants. Their structure, development and behavior. 663 pp. New York.

1911. A desert cockroach. Journ. New York Ent. Soc., vol. 19, pp. 262-263.

1928. The social insects. Their origin and evolution. 378 pp. New York.

WHITE, G.

1905. The natural history and antiquities of Selborne in the County of Southampton. 476 pp. London.

WHITFIELD, F. G. S.

1940. Air transport, insects and disease. Bull. Ent. Res., vol. 30, pp. 365-442.

WHITTINGHAM, H. E., and ROOK, A. F.

1923. Observations on the life-history and bionomics of Phlebotomus papatasii. British Med. Journ., Dec. 15, pp. 1144-1151.

WILLE, J.

1920. Biologie und Bekämpfung der deutschen Schabe (Phyllodromia germanica L.). Monogr. Angew. Ent., Nr. 5, Zeitschr. Angew. Ent., Beiheft 1, Band 7, 140 pp.

WILLEMET, R.

1784. Lettre aux auteurs du Journal de Physique. Journ. Physique, Paris, vol. 24, p. 62.

WILLIAMS, C. L.

1931. Effect of fumigation on cockroaches on ships. Publ. Health Rep., vol. 46, pp. 1680-1694.

WILLIAMS, E. C., JR.

1941. An ecological study of the floor fauna of the Panama rain forest. Bull. Chicago Acad. Sci., vol. 6, pp. 63-124.

WILLIAMS, F. X.

1918. Dolichurus stantoni Ashmead, a Philippine wasp parasitic on cockroaches. Hawaiian Planters' Rec., vol. 19, pp. 251-255.

1919. Philippine wasp studies. Part 2. Descriptions of new species and life history studies. Rep. Exp. Stat. Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Assoc., Ent. Ser., Bull. No. 14, pp. 19-186.

1925. Wasps from tropical countries. Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc., vol. 6, pp. 16-17.

1928. Studies in tropical wasps--their hosts and associates (with descriptions of new species). Bull. Exp. Stat. Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Assoc., Ent. Ser., Bull. No. 19, 179 pp.

1928a. [Rhinopsis caniculatus Say.] Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc., vol. 7, p. 227.

1929. Notes on the habits of the cockroach-hunting wasps of the genus Ampulex, sens. lat., with particular reference to Ampulex (Rhinopsis) caniculatus Say. Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc., vol. 7, pp. 315-329.

1931. [Evania attracted to honey dew.] Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc., vol. 7, p. 334.

1936. Biological studies in Hawaiian water-loving insects. Part I. Coleoptera or beetles (pp. 235-273). Part II. Odonata or dragonflies (pp. 273-352). Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc., vol. 9, pp. 235-352.

1941. Blitzkrieg on cockroaches will be shown at Maui fair. Hawaii Farm and Home, vol. 4, p. 9.

1941a. An apparently undescribed Tachysphex (Hymenoptera, Larridae) from Trinidad, B.W.I. Proc. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, ser. B, vol. 10, pp. 197-199.

1942. The New Caledonian cockroach wasp (Ampulex compressa) in Hawaii. Hawaiian Planters' Rec., vol. 46, pp. 43-48.

1942a. Ampulex compressa (Fabr.), a cockroach-hunting wasp introduced from New Caledonia into Hawaii. Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc., vol. II, pp. 221-233.

1944. Cockroaches are their dish. Hawaii Farm and Home, vol. 7, p. 18.

1945. The aculeate wasps of New Caledonia, with natural history notes. Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc., vol. 12, pp. 407-452.

1946. Entomology. Rep. Comm. Exp. Stat. Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Assoc., 1944/45, pp. 16-22.

1946a. Rhipidius sp. in Hawaii. Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc., vol. 12, p. 485.

WILLIAMS, F. X.; VAN ZWALUWENBURG, R. H.; and SWEZEY, O. H.

1931. Handbook of the insects and other invertebrates of Hawaiian sugar cane fields. Exp. Stat. Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Assoc., 400 pp.

WILLIS, E. R., and LEWIS, N.

1957. The longevity of starved cockroaches. Journ. Econ. Ent., vol. 50, pp. 438-440.

WILLIS, E. R.; RISER, G. R.; and ROTH, L. M.

1958. Observations on reproduction and development in cockroaches. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., vol. 51, pp. 53-69.

WILSON, G. S., and MILES, A. A.

1955. Topley and Wilson's principles of bacteriology and immunity. 4th ed., vol. 1, 1,106+xlviii pp. Baltimore.

WOLCOTT, G. N.

1924. The food of Porto Rican lizards. Journ. Dept. Agr. Porto Rico, vol. 7, pp. 5-37.

1924a. Entomologica económica Puertorriqueña. Estac. Exp. Insular, Río Piedras, Bol. No. 32, 176 pp.

1936. "Insectae borinquensis." Journ. Agr. Univ. Puerto Rico, vol. 20, pp. 1-627.

1937. What the giant Surinam toad, Bufo marinus L., is eating now in Puerto Rico. Journ. Agr. Univ. Puerto Rico, vol. 21, pp. 79-84.

1941. A supplement to "Insectae borinquensis." Journ. Agr. Univ. Puerto Rico, vol. 25, pp. 22-158.

1950. The insects of Puerto Rico. Journ. Agr. Univ. Puerto Rico, 1948, vol. 32, pp. 1-224.

1951. The insects of Puerto Rico: Hymenoptera, acknowledgements, addenda et corrigenda and index. Journ. Agr. Univ. Puerto Rico, 1948, vol. 32, pp. 749-975.

1953. The food of the mongoose (Herpestes javanicus auropunctatus Hodgson) in St. Croix and Puerto Rico. Journ. Agr. Univ. Puerto Rico, vol. 37, pp. 241-247.

WOLF, J.

1924. Contribution à la morphologie des bacteroïdes des blattes (Periplaneta orientalis L.). Compt. Rend. Soc. Biol., Paris, vol. 91, pp. 1180-1182.

1924a. Contribution à localisation des bactéroïdes dans les corps adipeux des blattes (Periplaneta orientalis L.) Compt. Rend. Soc. Biol., Paris, vol. 91, pp. 1182-1183.

WOLLMAN, E.

1926. Observations sur une lignée aseptique de blattes (Blattella germanica) datant de cinq ans. Compt. Rend. Soc. Biol., Paris, vol. 95, pp. 164-165.

1927. Le rôle des mouches dans le transport de quelques germes importants pour la pathologie tunisienne. Arch. Inst. Pasteur, Tunis, vol. 16, pp. 347-364.

WOLLMAN, E.; ANDERSON, C.; and COLAS-BELCOUR, J.

1928. Recherches sur la conservation des virus hémophiles chez les insectes. Arch. Inst. Pasteur, Tunis, vol. 17, pp. 229-232.

WOLTERS, M.

1891. Die Conjugation und Sporenbildung bei Gregarinen. Arch. Mikros. Anat., vol. 37, pp. 99-138, 4 pls.

WOMERSLEY, H.

1956. On some new Acarina--Mesostigmata from Australia, New Zealand and New Guinea. Journ. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 42, pp. 505-599.

WOODCOCK, H. M.

1904. On Cystobia irregularis (Minch.) and allied "neogamous" gregarines. (Preliminary note.) Arch. Zool. Exp. et Gén., ser. 4, vol. 2, Notes et Rev. No. 8, pp. cxxv-cxxviii.

WRAY, D. L., and BRIMLEY, C. S.

1943. The insect inquilines and victims of pitcher plants in North Carolina. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., vol. 36, pp. 128-137.

YAKIMOV, V. L., and MILLER, G. A.

1922. Les protozoaires de l'intestin de l'homme en dehors de l'organisme de l'homme. L'examen de l'intestin du Periplaneta orientalis. Bull. Soc. Path. Exot., Paris, vol. 15, pp. 8-11. [Essentially the same article appeared in Russian in Arkh. Russk. Protist. Obsh., vol. 1, pp. 131-132; German summary p. 133.]

YAMAGUTI, S., and MIYATA, I.

1942. Über die Entwicklungsgeschichte von Moniliformis dubius Meyer, 1933 (Acanthocephala) mit besonderer Berücksichtigung seiner Entwicklung im Zwischenwirt. 32 pp. Kyoto.

YARWOOD, E. A.

1937. The life cycle of Adelina cryptocerci sp. nov., a coccidian parasite of the roach Cryptocercus punctulatus. Parasitology, vol. 29, pp. 370-390, 4 pls.

YETWIN, I. J.

1932. A study of the intracellular symbionts in the fat body of Blatella germanica Linn. M. S. thesis, Univ. Chicago, 56 pp.

1953. The cytology of the fat body of the common roach, Blatella germanica, with emphasis on intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies. Mil. Surgeon, vol. 113, pp. 111-113.

YOKOGAWA, S.

1924. On the cancroid growths caused by Gongylonema-orientale n. sp. in the rat. "Gann," Japanese Journ. Cancer Res., vol. 18, pp. 48-69, 2 pls.

1925. On a new species of nematode, Gongylonema orientale, found in Formosa. Journ. Parasitol., vol. 11, pp. 195-200, 1 pl.

1925a. On the cancroid growths caused by Gongylonema orientale n. sp. in the rat. Taiwan Igakki Zasshi, Journ. Med. Assoc. Formosa, No. 240, pp. 1-20.

YOUNG, F. N.

1949. Insects from burrows of Peromyscus polionotus. Florida Ent., vol. 32, p. 77.

YOUNG, M. D.

1935. Description, incidence, and cultivation of Tetratrichomastix blattidarum n. sp. from the cockroach. Journ. Parasitol., vol. 21, pp. 309-310.

1937. Cockroaches as carriers of Giardia cysts. Journ. Parasitol., vol. 23, pp. 102-103.

ZACHER, F.

1917. Die Geradflüger Deutschlands und ihre Verbreitung. 287 pp. Jena.

1920. Schaben als Schädlinge in Gewächshäusern. Gartenflora, Berlin, No. 13/14, pp. 165-168. [Translated by H. L. Middleton.]

ZALESSKII, ǏǓ. M.

1939. Sur une nouvelle blatte permienne portant un oviscapte. [Par Georges Zalessky.] Ann. Soc. Géol. du Nord, vol. 64, pp. 85-94.

1953. New Permian cockroaches from the family Spiloblattinidae. (In Russian.) Ent. Obozrenie, vol. 33, pp. 266-272. [Pertinent sections translated by M. Ycas.]

ZAPPE, M. P.

1918. A cockroach pest of greenhouses, Pycnoscelus (Leucophaea) surinamensis Linn. Connecticut Agr. Exp. Stat., Bull. No. 203, pp. 302-313, 4 pls.

1918a. Life history and development of the greenhouse cockroach. Pycnoscelus surinamensis Linn. Connecticut Agr. Exp. Stat., Bull. No. 211, pp. 311-313.

ZASUKHIN, D. N.

1928. Zur Frage über die Parasiten der Protozoen. Parasiten von Nyctotherus ovalis Leidy. Arch. Protistenk., vol. 64, pp. 61-70, 2 pls.

1929. Usloviia obitaniia, stroenie i razvitie Endamoeba blattae (Bütschli) Leidy (1879.) [Lebensbedingungen, Cytologie und Entwicklung von Endamoeba blattae Büt. (Leidy) 1879.] Russk. Arkh. Protistenk., vol. 8, pp. 163-244, 4 pls. (German summary pp. 240-244.)

1930. Lebensbedingungen, Cytologie und Entwicklung von Endamoeba blattae Büt. (Leidy) 1879. Arch. Protistenk., vol. 70, pp. 681-686.

1934. Hyperparasitism in protozoa. Quart. Rev. Biol., vol. 9, pp. 215-224.

ZHIVAGO, P.

1909. Ueber Vermehrung bei Pleistophora periplanetae Lutz und Splendore. Zool. Anz., vol. 34, pp. 647-654.

ZIMMERMAN, E. C.

1944. New cockroach egg parasite from Honolulu. Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc., vol. 12, p. 20.

1948. Insects of Hawaii. Vol. 2, Apterygota to Thysanoptera, inclusive. 475 pp. Honolulu.

ZMEEV, G. I.

1936. Les insectes synanthropes comme hôtes intermédiaires et hôtes vecteurs des helminthes au Tadjikistan. (In Russian, French summary.) Trudy Tadzhiksk. Bazy Akad. Nauk SSSR, vol. 6, pp. 241-248. [Russian text translated by M. Ycas.]

1940. Certain points in the epidemiology of dysentery and its endemic foci in Central Asia connected with the cockroach Shelfordella tartara Sauss. (In Russian.) Second conference on Parasitological problems. November 1940, Leningrad, p. 35. Izd. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Moscow. [From Rev. App. Ent., 1946, ser. B., vol. 34, p. 110.]

ZULUETA, A. DE.

1916. Sobre la estructura y bipartición de Nyctotherus ovalis Leidy. Trab. Mus. Nac. Cienc. Nat., Madrid, ser. Zool., No. 26, pp. 1-16.

PLATES

A, Undetermined mermithid that parasitizes Ectobius pallidus. × 9. The worm has partly emerged from the neck region of the cockroach. (Reproduced from Roth and Willis .) B, Undetermined gordian worm that parasitized Eurycotis floridana shown beside its host, × 1.8. (Specimen courtesy of Dr. T. Eisner.)]

A, The wasp finds a cockroach. B, She stings the prey in the thorax. C, She then leads the disabled cockroach (antennae clipped) to her nest. D, The wasp's egg was placed on the coxa of the cockroach's right mesothoracic leg where it hatched. E, Portion of the host's abdomen removed to show feeding larva. F, New adult wasp emerging from dead host. (Reproduced from F. X. Williams from the color paintings of the late W. Twigg-Smith, through the courtesy of F. A. Bianchi.)]

INDEX

Plate and page numbers in boldface type indicate illustrations. In general, entries are placed in the index as unmodified substantives except where a modifier contributes significantly to the identification of the item (e.g., blue heads, prairie dog). This index should be used in conjunction with the indexed check list of natural associations (pages 290 to 310) because these are not repeated here. All experimental associations are indexed below except those involving Blatta orientalis, Blattella germanica, and Periplaneta americana that are cited on pages that also contain references to the natural associations of these three species.

Abies sp., 257

Acacia, 56, 69

Acacia farnesiana, 155, 164 harpophylla, 55 sp., 155

Acanthinevania princeps, 235

Acanthocephala, 203

Acanthogyna deplanata, 7

Acaridae, 217

Acarina, 210, 216

Acheta domestica, 320

Achromobacter hyalinum, 110 sp., 110

Achromobacteriaceae, 110

Acridotheres tristis, 281

Acrocomia aculeata, 142

Acromyrmex lobicornis, 312, 313 lundi, 312 niger, 312 octospinosus, 312 silvestrii, 312

Acropyga acutinventris, 317

Actinocephalidae, 184

Actinomycetaceae, 124

Actinomycetales, 123

Adeleidae, 184

Adelina cryptocerci, 184-185

Aechmaea porteoides, 144

Aerobacter aerogenes, 111 cloacae, 112 sp., 112

Aeschnidae, 224

Agamerion metallica, 243

Agamidae, 275

Agamospirura parahormeticae, 205

Agaricus, 164

Agave, 43, 57

Agelaius xanthomus, 282

Agis orientalis, 7, 27

Aglaopteryx absimilis, 7, 35, 156, 317 devia, 7 diaphana, 7, 35, 36, 145, 146, 290, 339 facies, 7, 35, 156, 290, 317, 318 gemma, 7, 36, 140, 143, 144, 153, 158, 159, 339 vegeta, 7, 146 ypsilon, 7, 75

Aircraft, 87-90

Alcaligenes faecalis, 111 recti, 111 viscosus, 111

Algaroba, 45, 156, 164

Allacta similis, 7, 36, 75, 276, 290

Allothereua maculata, 223

Alluaudellina cavernicola, 7, 17

Alluaudella cavernicola, 7

Alpinia, 163

Alsophila sp., 139

Alsophilas, 164

Amazonina emarginata, 7, 36, 146, 158

Ameiva exsul, 275 sp., 275

Amitermes, 102

Amoeba blattae, 177 coli, 178 undetermined sp., 181

Amoebidae, 177

Amoebina, 177

Amphibia, 269-272

Amphibians, 3, 353

Amphibolurus barbatus, 275

Amphoromorpha blattina, 139 sp., 139

Ampulex, 2, 256 amoena, 256-257 assimilis, 257 canaliculata, 94, 257-258, 352 compressa, 258-259, 352; =pl. 35= compressiventris, 260 fasciata, 259 novarae, 256 ruficornis, 259 siberica, 260 sibirica, 259 sonnerati, 260

Ampulicidae, 256

Anacardiaceae, 157

Ananas comosus, 144

Anaphothrips sp., 317

Anaplecta asema, 7, 36 azteca, 7, 145 decipiens, 7, 36 fallax, 7, 36 hemiscotia, 7, 36 lateralis, 7, 36 mexicana, 7, 145 spp., 88, 145, 290

Anastatus blattidarum, 246 blattidifurax, 245 floridanus, 94, 245, 255, 319; =pl. 34= tenuipes, 94, 246, 255, 350

Anatidae, 277

Anax strenuus, 224

Ancylostoma caninum, 209 ceylanicum, 209 duodenale, 209

Ancylostomidae, 209

Androctonus australis, 211

Aneurina tahuata, 7, 160 viridis, 7, 155, 160, 161

Anguillula macrura, 195

Anisogamia, 26

Annato, 159

Annetta, Steamship, 149

Anoetidae, 217

Anolis carolinensis, 273, 346 cristatellus, 273 equestris, 273, 345, 346 grahami, 274 leachi, 274 pulchellus, 273 sagrei, 274 sp., 274 stratulus, 274

Anseriformes, 277

Antagonism, interspecies, 341-343

Antbird, 280

Antibiotics, 97-98, 346

Ants, 57, 266-268, 316, 317, 350 Argentine, 268, 319 army, 228, 267, 268, 280, 350 big-headed, 268 carpenter, 267 hosts of cockroaches, 311-314 predaceous, 266 safari, 267 wood, 317

Aorurus (Thelastoma) appendiculatus, 196 diesingi, 195 philippinensis, 193 sphaerolaima, 194

Aotes zonalis, 284

Aotus, 284

Aphaenogaster picea, 267

Aphelocoma coerulesens, 280

Aphids, 62

Aphlebia maculata, 10 punctata, 10

Apocynaceae, 161

Apolyta, 9

Apotrogia angolensis, 7, 17

Apple, 166

Aptera cingulata, 7 fusca, 7, 290, 329

Apteroblatta perplexa, 7, 18

Aquifoliaceae, 158

Arachnida, 211

Arachnids, 34

Araceae, 143

Aranea, 214

Araneida, 214

Arbor vitae, 44

Archiacanthocephala, 203

Archiblatta hoevenii, 7, 329

Archimandrita marmorata, 7, 147 tessellata, 7, 147

Arenivaga apacha, 7, 23, 26, 27 bolliana, 7, 23, 26, 27, 37, 290 erratica, 7, 23, 26, 27 floridensis, 7, 24, 37 grata, 7, 17, 18, 37 roseni, 7, 24, 26, 27, 291 tonkawa, 7, 24

Aristida pennata, 65, 141

Aristiger histrio, 7, 37, 159, 316

Armadillo, 287

Army transports, 84

Arthroleptis variabilis, 270

Arthromitaceae, 124

Arthromitus intestinalis, 124

Arthropoda, 210-268

Arum sp., 143

Ascalaphidae, 227

Ascaridae, 209

Ascaris lumbricoides, 209 sp., 209 suum, 209

Ascaroidea, 209

Aschelminthes, 192, 204, 209

Ascomycetes, 133

Asmorrhiza longistylis, 240

Asparagus officinalis, 235

Aspen, 46, 152, 164

Aspergillaceae, 129

Aspergillus flavus, 130 fumigatus, 130 niger, 130 sp., 130, 131 sydowi, 130 tamarii, 130

Aspiduchus borinquen, 7, 18, 37, 333-334 cavernicola, 8, 18, 334 deplanatus, 7, 8, 37

Asplenium nidus, 44

Assembling of cockroaches, 331-334

Associations, 6, 15, 91-96 among cockroaches, 324-343 biotic, 2, 91, 94-96 classification of, 91, 95-96 ecological, 14-90, 324-343 facultative, 95-96 familial, 325-330 gregarious, 330-336 interspecies, 337-343 intraspecies, 336-337 mutualism, 96-102 number of, 3, 5 obligate, 95 obscure, 96, 316-319 with man, 70-90

Astata, 255

Ateles dariensis, 284

Athel, 39

Atta cephalotes, 313 fervens, 313 lundi, 312 nigra, 312 octospinosa, 313 sexdens, 313 texana, 313

Attacus atlas, 320

Attaphila aptera, 8, 313 bergi, 8, 312, 313 flava, 8, 314 fungicola, 8, 313 schuppi, 8, 312 sexdentis, 8, 313 sp., 313

Atticola mortoni, 8, 312

Attraction, intraspecies, 328-334 to decaying material, 53, 59-63 to honeydew, 62 to lights, 52, 61, 64, 66, 79, 81

Audreia bromeliadarum, 8, 31, 37, 145 jamaicana, 8, 37 marginata, 11

Aves, 276-282

Avicularia avicularia, 214 sp., 214

"B. aerobia del pseudoedema maligno," 125

B. alcaligenes beckeri, 125 faecalis, 111 recti, 111

"B. del pseudoedema maligno," 125

B. violaceus, 106

Baboon, 286

Bacillaceae, 120

Bacilli, colon, 126 paracolon, 113

"Bacillo del barbone dei bufali," 126 "proteisimile," 126 "similcarbonchio," 126 "similtifo," 126 "tifosimile," 126

"Bacillus," 126 "subtilis group," 122

Bacillus acidi lactici, 112 albolactis, 120 alcaligenes faecalis, 111 anthracis, 120 bütschlii, 120 cereus, 120 circulans, 120 cloacae, 112 faecalis alkaligenes, 111 flacheriae, 121 lactis aerogenes, 111 megaterium, 121 monachae, 121 periplanetae, 121 prodigiosus, 117 radiciformis, 121 stellatus, 121 subtilis, 121 tritus, 122

Bacteria, 2-3, 100-101, 104-127, 346 "spirochaetoid," 127

Bacteriaceae, 119

"Bacterium," 126

Bacterium alkaligenes, 119 delendae-muscae, 120 haemophosphoreum, 120 monache, 121 prodigiosum, 117

Bacteroides uncatus, 119

Bacteroids, 96-100; =pl. 26=

Badger, 289

Balantidium, 101 blattarum, 187 coli, 187 ovatum, 187 praenucleatum, 187 sp., 187

Ballota nigra, 38

Balta godeffroyi, 8, 37 patula, 8, 291 platysoma, 8, 317 quadricaudata, 8, 37, 141 scripta, 8, 37, 141, 326 torresiana, 8, 38, 141 verticalis, 8, 38, 141

Bamboo, 44, 141

Bambusicola thoracica, 277

Banana, 36, 40, 53, 54, 58, 66, 82, 146-151, 163, 165, 215 blossoms, 36, 41, 56, 57, 146-148

Bantua stigmosa, 8, 99

"Barata selvagem," 194, 199, 200 "sylvestre," 188, 189

"Baratas de pau podre," 200

Barbulanympha, 102 coahoma, 173 estaboga, 173 laurabuda, 174 sp., 175 ufalula, 174 wenyoni, 174

Bark, 36-38, 42, 43, 45-65, 141, 152, 153, 160, 164, 165

Bass, large-mouth black, 269

Bassariscus astutus, 288

Bat, 77, 283 caves, 17-18, 21-23

Batrachians, unidentified, 272

Bayberry, 43, 44, 152

Beauveria bassiana, 131

Bedbug, 321-322

Beech, 47, 61, 62

Bees, 314, 318

Beetles, 26, 34, 57, 63, 91, 229-234, 318, 347, 348 black (see Blatta orientalis) black larder, 234 rhinocerus, 317

Bertramia blatellae, 185

Beta maritima, 47, 153 vulgaris cicla, 153

Binema mirsaia, 193

Birds, 3, 4, 276-282, 353 nests, 35, 318

Bites, cockroach, 83, 322, 336-337 mite, 220 spider, 215

Bixa sp., 159

Bixaceae, 159

Blabera fusca, 8, 322

Blaberus atropos, 8, 18, 38, 125, 147, 203, 204, 291, 322, 344 boliviensis, 8, 147 clarazianus, 8 craniifer 8, 18, 75, 97, 99, 116-118, 132, 138, 291, 322, 330, 333, 336, 339, 344; pls. 1, 2, 28 =cubensis, 8= discoidalis, 8, 38, 75, 85, 147, 151, 163, 291, 318, 330, 334, 339 giganteus, 8, 18, 38, 99, 291; =pl. 3= "maderae," 11, 248 spp., 38, 290, 291

Blackbird, 282 Puerto Rican, 282 yellow-shouldered, 282

Blaptica dubia, 8, 292

Blastocystidaceae, 133

Blastocystis hominis, 133 sp., 133

"Blatella americana," 108, 110, 119, 121, 122

Blatta aegyptiaca, 13 aethiopica, 13 americana, 12 caraibea, 79 concinna, 10 humbertiana, 8 (Shelfordella) lateralis, 8, 18, 38, 71, 75, 292 melanocephala, 13 notulata, 10 orientalis, 8, 18, 38, 70-72, 75-76, 84, 85, 88, 96, 99, 100, 118, 123, 128, 129, 131, 151, 153, 162, 163, 190, 204, 205, 212, 219, 222, 224-226, 232, 235, 237, 245, 255, 269, 275, 276, 292-293, 320-323, 325-327, 331, 332, 334-336, 338, 341, 342, 346, 347, 352; =pls. 4, 27= sp., 292

Blattaria, 3, 224

Blattarum alatarum, 83

Blattelicola blattelicola, 193

Blattella bisignata, 8 brunneriana, 11 chichimeca, 10 delicatula, 8 germanica, 8, 17, 18, 39, 70-72, 76, 83-85, 87, 88, 96-101, 103-105, 114, 118, 119, 124, 126, 131, 143, 171, 192, 204, 205, 211, 212, 219, 222, 225-227, 234-236, 240, 241, 255, 272, 276, 277, 283, 293-294, 320, 321, 323, 324, 328, 331, 332, 334, 335, 337-342, 347-349; =pls. 5, 26, 31= humbertiana, 8, 39, 142, 144, 294, 336 lituricollis, 8, 263, 295 nahua, 11 schubotzi, 8, 76 spp. 88, 145, 295 vaga, 8, 27, 39, 77, 135, 141, 166, 255, 293, 320, 328; =pl. 5=

Blatticida ashmeadi, 243 pulchra, 243

Blatticidella ashmeadi, 243 Blatticola, 199 aegyptiaca, 195 blattae, 193-194 blatticola, 193

"Blattidae sylvestres," 200

Blattilaelaps nauphoetae, 216

Blattina concinna, 10

Blattisocius tineivorus, 216 triodons, 216

Blattophila sphaerolaima, 194 sphaerolaima var. javanica, 194 supellaima, 194

Blattotetrastichus hagenowii, 249

Bluegills, 269

Blue heads, 269

Blue jay, 280, 346

Bobolink, 282

Bodo Blattae, 167 sp., 167

Bodonidae, 167

Bog, peat, 46

Boraginaceae, 161

Bounty, H. M. S., 83

Brachygaster, 350 minutus, 235-236, 351

Bracken, 45, 47

Brambles, 51, 155

Breadfruit, 162

Bream, 269

Bromeliaceae, 144

Bromeliads, 31, 36, 37, 41, 42, 45, 49, 50, 54, 56, 57, 68, 144-146, 320

Brucella abortus, 119

Buboblatta armata, 8, 145

Bucerotidae, 279

Bufo funereus, 270 ictericus, 270 marinus, 270, 345, 346, 353 valliceps, 270

Bufonidae, 270

Bulhõesia bulhõesi, 200 icemi, 200 magalhãesi, 194 severianoi, 200

Bullfrog, 271

Burrows, 27 cockroach, 55, 58, 67, 68, 328, 344 relative humidity in, 26 vertebrate, 23-24, 26, 27, 29

Bursera simaruba, 157

Burseraceae, 157

Busaria blattarum, 188

Busariidae, 187

Buthidae, 211

Buthus australis, 211-212

Butterfly nests, 66, 156, 317

Byrsotria cabrerae, 8, 40 fumigata, 8, 19, 40, 225, 333, 354; =pl. 6=

Cacao, 43, 52, 53, 55

Cacomistle, 288

Cafards, 207

Cahita borero, 8, 40 nahua, 8, 40

Caladium, 66, 143

Callithricidae, 285 Callithrix chrysoleucos, 285 chrysolevea, 285 jacchus, 285

Callitris sp., 55

Calluna vulgaris, 160

Calodexia venteris, 228 spp., 228

Caloglyphus spinitarsus, 217 sp., 218

Calyptracordia alba, 161

Camouflage, 344

Camponotus femoratus, 311, 314 maccooki, 316 maculatus, 312 pennsylvanicus, 267 rufipes, 312

Candida zeylanoides, 129

Canidae, 288

Canis familiaris, 288 latrans, 288

Canna, 151, 163

Cannaceae, 151

Cannibalism, 322-324

Cantao ocellatus, 320

Canthium barbatum, 161

Capá blanco, 66

Capillaria hepatica, 210

Capucinella delicatula, 147

Carabidae, 229

Carboniferous, 14

Care, maternal, 325-330

Cariblatta antiguensis, 8, 40, 158, 161 cuprea, 8, 40 delicatula, 8, 40, 143, 147, 295 hylaea, 8, 40, 147, 153 imitans, 8, 41 insularis, 8, 41, 145, 147, 339 landalei, 8, 41, 147 lutea, 23 lutea lutea, 8, 41, 153, 158, 295 lutea minima, 8, 42, 143; =pl. 7= nebulicola, 8, 42, 145, 340 orestera, 8, 151 punctipennis, 8, 147 punctulata, 8, 143 reticulosa, 8, 42 spp., 42, 88 stenophrys, 8, 42, 142, 156

Cariblattoides instigator, 8, 43 suave, 8, 43

Carica papaya, 159

Caricaceae, 159

Carnations, 163

Carnivora, 288

Carpinus orientalis, 38

Caryophanales, 124

Casuarina, 152, 164

Casuarinaceae, 152

Cat, 4, 289 ring-tailed, 288

Caterpillars, 319

Catopsis fulgens, 144

Cattleya, 151, 162-163

Caudata, 269

Caves, 16-17

Cavia sp., 288

Caviidae, 288

Cebidae, 284

Cebus apella, 284 capucinus, 284

Cecropia sp., 40, 153

Cedar, Japanese, 164

Centipedes, 3, 222-224, 319 house, 222

Centruroides gracilis, 212 hentzi, 212 vitattus, 212

Cephalobellus brevicaudatum, 194 magalhãesi, 194

Cephalosporium sp., 131

Ceratinoptera diaphana, 7 picta, 8, 43, 159

Ceratonia siliqua, 156

Cercopithecidae, 286

Cercopithecus sp., 286, 343

Cestoda, 208

Chactidae, 212

Chaetochloa verticillata, 142

Chaetodactylus sp., 218

Chalceus macrolepidotos, 269

Challenger, H. M. S., 83

Chamaeleon chamaeleon, 275 oustaleti, 275

Chamaeleontidae, 275

Chameleon, 275

Channel cat, 269

Characidae, 269

Cheiloneurus viridiscutum, 244

Chelonia, 272

Chemotaxis, 331

Chenopodiaceae, 153

Chestnut, 44, 60-61

Chicken, 68, 82, 276, 278

Chilicabra, 281

Chilomastigidae, 169

Chilomastix mesnili, 169

Chilopoda, 222

Chimpanzee, 286

Chiroptera, 283

Chlamydosaurus kingii, 275

Chlorion compressum, 258

Chloris gayana, 141

Chordodes morgani, 201 pilosus, 202 puerilis, 201

Chordodidae, 201

"Chordotes" puerilis, 201

Chorisoneura barbadensis, 8, 147 flavipennis, 8, 43 formosella, 8, 43, 160 parishi, 8, 43 plocea, 8 sp., 295 specilliger, 8, 43 texensis, 8, 43, 152, 153, 157, 161, 316 translucida, 8, 44

Choristima sp., 9, 295

Choristimodes sp., 9, 295

Chromatonotus infuscatus, 9, 44 notatus, 9, 44, 77

Chromobacterium violaceum, 106

Chrysanthemums, 165

Chrysemys picta, 272

Cicadas, 257

Ciliata, 186

Ciliate, unidentified, 190

Cimex lectularius, 321

Cinchona pubescens, 162, 163

Ciniflo, 214

Citharexylum villosum, 43, 161

Citrus aurantifolia, 157 maxima, 157 sinensis, 157 sp., 157, 164

Cleonymidae, 243

Clepsidrina blattarum, 181

Clerada apicicornis, 226

Clerodendron trichotomum, 256-257

Clevelandella constricta, 189 contorta, 189 elongata, 189 hastula, 189 nipponensis, 189 panesthiae, 189 parapanesthiae, 189

Clevelandellidae, 102, 189

Clevelandia, 189

Clevelandiidae, 189

Clostridium feseri, 122 lentoputrescens, 122 novyi, 122 perfringens, 122 sporogenes, 122 spp., 122 tetani, 122

Clubiona, 214

Cnemidophorus sp., 275

Coati, 288

Coccidia, 184

Coccidioides periplanetae, 133

Coccinellidae, 348

"Coccobacillus," 126

Coccobacillus cajae, 120

Cockroach, American (see Periplaneta americana) amphibious, 30-33, 48 aposymbiotic, 97-99 Australian (see Periplaneta australasiae) beetle (see Diploptera punctata) brown (see Periplaneta brunnea) brown-banded (see Supella supellectilium) burrowing, 27, 29, 30, 55, 58, 67, 68, 328, 344 carnivorous, 6, 14, 319-324, 336 cavernicolous, 16-25, 37 checklists of, 290-310, 315 cinereous (see Nauphoeta cinerea) colonies, 75, 327-334 commensal, 310-315 control, 1, 6, 84, 162, 331, 348 Cuban (see Panchlora nivea) cypress (see Diploptera punctata) dendricolous, 51 defenses, 343-348 desert, 25-30 disease relations, 1, 3, 74 domiciliary, 51, 70-90, 322, 331, 338, 349 enemies, 2-4, 91, 95-96 field (see Blattella vaga) Florida (see Eurycotis floridana) German (see Blattella germanica) harlequin (see Neostylopyga rhombifolia) Key West (see Blaberus craniifer) Madeira (see Leucophaea maderae) myrmecophilous, 310, 311-314 odor, 6, 84, 280, 344-347 oriental (see Blatta orientalis) oviparous, 325-327 phytophagous, 68, 162-166 predaceous, 319-324 predators, escape from, 343 ship, 82-87 smoky brown (see Periplanet fuliginosa) species, list of, 7-14 number of known, iii, 5 spotted Mediterranean (see Ectobius pallidus) structural habitats of, 70-90 Surinam (see Pycnoscelus surinamensis) undetermined, 308-310 viviparous, 31, 326, 328-330 "wood" (except here, usually Parcoblatta spp.), 214, 266, 274

Coconut, 35, 38, 49, 143

Cocos nucifera, 143

Coelosporidium blattellae, 185 periplanetae, 168, 176, 177, 185

Coenosia basalis, 229

Coffea sp., 162

Coffee, 66, 67

Coleolaelaps sp., 216; =pl. 12=

Coleoptera, 229-234, 348

"Colon bacilli," 126

Colonies, cockroach, 75, 327-334

Colubridae, 276

Columbidae, 278

Columbiformes, 278

Combretaceae, 159

Commensalism, 92

Commensals, 2-3, 95, 173, 310-314 cockroach, check list of, 315

Compatibility, interspecies, 337-341

Comperia merceti, 244, 255, 351, 355; =pl. 34= merceti var. falsicornis, 244

Compositae, 162

Compsodes schwarzi, 9, 27, 316

Compsolampra, 9

Comptolampra liturata, 9, 44, 140, 141

Conocarpus erectus, 159

Conopidae, 228

Control, biological, 1, 6, 348-354

Convolvulaceae, 161

Coptotermes ceylonicus, 310

Coraciformes, 279

Cordaites, 14

Cordia dentata, 161

Cordyceps amazonica, 134 blattae, 134

Corn, 42, 48, 57, 58

Cornus mas, 38

Corvidae, 280

Corydia nuptialis, 14

Corynebacteriaceae, 110

Corynebacterium diphtheriae, 110

Cosmozosteria lateralis, 9, 345

Costus sp., 316

Cotton, 66, 67, 158, 163

Coturnix coturnix japonica, 277

Coxsackie viruses, 103-104

Coyote, 288

Crappies, 269

Crataegus sp., 155

Crickets, 320-321 stone, 226

Crinum, 163

Cristatithorax, 244

Cryptocercus punctulatus, 9, 44, 62, 67, 100-103, 175-229, 295, 317, 326, 328, 339, 354; =pl. 8= relictus, 9, 44 spp., 6, 34

Cryptomeria, 45, 140, 164

Cucarachero, 281

Cucumber, 164

Cunoniaceae, 155

Cupressaceae, 141

Cupressus, 164 macrocarpa, 141, 164

Cutilia nitida, 9, 345 soror, 9, 45, 77, 296 sp. near sedilloti, 9; =pl. 9= spp., 45, 296, 319

Cyanocitta cristata, 280, 346

Cyatheaceae, 139

Cycads, 166

Cynopotamus essequibensis, 269

Cyperaceae, 142

Cyperus sp., 142

Cypress, 45, 63, 164

Cypress pine, 55

Cyrilla, 42

Cyrtandra sp., 161

Cyrtocharax magdalenae essequibensis, 269

Cyrtotria capucina, 9, 27

Dasypodidae, 287

Dasypus novemcinctus, 287

Dates, 39

DDT, 278

Defenses, cockroach, 343-348

Dematiaceae, 132

Dendroblatta sobrina, 9, 45, 316, 330

Dendrocopus mahrattensis, 279

Dermaptera, 226

Dermestes ater, 234 sp., 234

Dermestidae, 234

Dermestids, 320

Derocalymma cruralis, 9, 100 lampyrina, 9, 27 porcellio, 9, 28 stigmosa, 8

Deropeltis autraniana, 9, 28 erythropeza, 9, 19 melanophila, 9, 28 nigrita, 9, 28

Deserts, 25-30

Dicarnosis alfierii, 245

Dictamnus fraxinella, 38

Didelphidae, 283

Diestrammena apicalis, 226 japonica, 226

Digenea, 208

Dinenymphidae, 170

"Diphtheroid I and II," 127

"Diplococci," 127

Diplococcus pneumoniae, 109

Diplocystidae, 181

Diplocystis schneideri, =168=, 181 sp., 181; =pl. 28=

Diplogaster, 192

Diplogasteridae, 192

Diplogyniidae, 217

Diplogyniid, undetermined, 217

Diploptera dytiscoides, 9 punctata, 9, 45, 140-142, 152, 155-157,159, 164, 216, 224-226, 259, 273, 280, 287, 296, 324, 334, 339, 347; =pls. 10, 36=

Dipodomys spectabilis spectabilis, =23=

Diptera, 227

Disease organisms transmitted by cockroaches, 3

Dobellina, 177

Dog, 288

Dolichonyx oryzivorus, 282

Dolichurus bicolor, 260 corniculus, 260-261 gilberti, 261 greenei, 261 haemorrhous, 260 ignitus, 261-262 stantoni, 262, 263, 352 sp., 262

Dorylaea rhombifolia, 11

Dorylus (Anomma) nigricans subsp. sjostedi, 267 sp., 267 wilverthi, 267

Dove, Chinese, 278

Dragonfly, giant Hawaiian, 224

Drake (Francis), 83

Drassodes, 214

Drassus sp., 318

Dryadoblatta scotti, 9, 31, 45, 144, 145

Drymaplaneta, 319

Ducks, domestic, 277, 343

Duguay-Trouin, Cruiser, =232=

Dyscologamia capensis, 9 chopardi, 10 pilosa, 9 wollastoni, 9

Dytiscidae, 230

Earthworms, 319

Earwigs, undetermined, 226

Eberthella oedematiens, 112

Echinococcus granulosis, 208

Eciton burchelli, 268, 280 sp., 228

Ecology, 14-96, 324-343

"Ectobia" spp., 135

Ectobia livida, 232

Ectobius africanus, 9, 45 albicinctus, 9, 46 duskei, 9, 46, 77 ericetorum, 9 germanicus, 8 lapponicus, 9, 46, 83, 100, 152, 160, 164, 296, 340 livens, 9 lividus, 9 lucidus, 9, 340 nicaeensis, 9, 46 nigripes, 256 pallidus, 9, 19, 47, 77, 100, 140, 153, 161, 296, 340; =pls. 7, 29= panzeri, 9, 47, 153, 160, 296 panzeri var. nigripes, 9 perspicillaris, 9 semenovi, 9, 47, 152 spp., 19, 214, 297 sylvester, 9, 47, 326, 340 sylvestris, 9 tadzihicus, 9, 48 vittiventer, 9, 19, 48 vittiventris, 9

Edentata, 287

Eleagnus, 48

Eleutheroda dytiscoides, 9

Ellipsidion affine, 9, 48, 297, 327 aurantium, 9 australe, 9, 48, 155, 160, 297, 327 bicolor, 9, 48, 142 pellucidum, 9 simulans, 9, 48, 141 spp., 35, 48 variegatum, 9, 329

Elm, 38

Embadomonas blattae, 167

Embryophyta siphonogama, 140

Emydidae, 272

Encephalomyelitis virus, mouse, 104

Encyrtidae, 94, 243, 245

Endamoeba blattae, 101, 102, 168, 177-178 coli, 178 javanica, 178 philippinensis, 178 thomsoni, 179 versus Entamoeba, 177

Endamoebidae, 177

Endolimax blattae, 101, 180 nana, 180 sp., 180

Endomycetales, 133

Entamoeba blattae, 177 blattarum, 177 coli, 178, 179 histolytica, 179 nana, 180 pitheci, 179 sp., 179-180 thomsoni, 179

Entedon hagenowii, 236, 249

Enterobacteriaceae, 111

Enterobius vermicularis, 209

Enterococcus, 109

Entomophthorales, 133

Ephestia kühniella, 99

Epilampra abdomen-nigrum, 9, 31, 48, 77, 141, 147, 160, 164, 297 annandalei, 9, 31-32 azteca, 9, 48 conferta, 9, 297 conspersa, 9, 145 grisea, 9, 100 maya, 9, 85, 145, 147 mexicana, 9, 147 mona, 9, 48, 144 notabilis, 9, 319 sodalis, 9, 145 spp., 9, 32, 85, 89, 145-147, 263, 297, 326, 344 tainana, 9, 49 wheeleri, 9, 49, 297

Epilamprinae, 30, 326, 348 unidentified, 33

Epimys norvegicus, 287

Epiphytes, 34, 44 (see also Bromeliads)

Epomphaloides ischnopterae, 249

Eremoblatta subdiaphana, 9, 28, 316

Ergaula capensis, 9, 49, 77, 311 scarabaeoides, 9, 19

Ericaceae, 160

Erinaceidae, 283

Erinaceus europaeus, 283 sp., 283

Erythrina glauca, 35, 156

Erythrocebus patas patas, 180

Escala circumducta, 13 longiuscula, 13 sp., 10, 297

Escherichia coli, 112 coli var. acidilactici, 112 coli var. communior, 113 freundii, 113 intermedium, 113

"Espino rubial," 66, 155

Estrildine sp., 318

Euandroblatta palpalis, 10, 28

Eubacteriales, 104

Eublaberus posticus, 10, 77, 89

Eucalyptus, 48, 231

Eucalyptus sp., 160

Eucharis, 163

Eucomonympha, 102 imla, 175, 176

Eucomonymphidae, 176

Eudromiella bicolorata, 10, 49 calcarata, 10, 147

Eugenia aromatica, 160

Euglena sp., 166

Euglenidae, 166

Euglenoidina, 166

Eulophidae, 94, 248

Eulophus, 250, 351

Eupelmidae, 94, 210, 245

Eupelmus atriflagellum, 247 sp., 247

Euphorbiaceae, 157

Euphyllodromia angustata, 10, 147 liturifera, 10, 49 decastigmata, 10

Euryconema paradisa, 194

Eurycotis bananae, 10, 47 biolleyi, 10, 49, 145, 158 caraibea, 10, 147 carbonaria, 10 decipiens, 10, 49, 346 dimidiata, 10, 49, 147 ferrum-equinum, 10, 49 floridana, 6, 10, 49-50, 77, 100, 140, 143, 144, 152, 162, 166, 171, 224, 255, 280, 297, 319, 326, 333, 334, 338, 339, 341, 345, 346; pls. 11, 29, 34 galeoides, 10, 50 improcera, 10, 297 kevani, 10, 50, 158 lixa, 10, 147 manni, 10, 298 opaca, 10, 50 sabalianus, 10

Euscorpius carpathicus, 212 germanus, 212 italicus italicus, 213

Euthlastoblatta abortiva, 10, 24, 50, 143

Euthyrrhapha nigra, 10, 19 pacifica, 10, 77

Eutrichomastix sp., 169

Eutrichosomella blattophaga, 245

Evania, 237, 350 abyssinica, 239 appendigaster, 235, 236-237, =238=, 239, 350-352 desjardinsii, 236 dimidiata, 239 impressa, 242 laevigata, 236 minuta, 235 princeps, 235 punctata, 240 sericea, 242 sp., 237, 251 subspinosa, 239

Evaniidae, 93, 234-243

Exothea paniculata, 36, 158

Eyeworm, chicken, 68, 164, 204-205, 277, 278, 343

Fagaceae, 152

Felidae, 289

Felis catus, 289 pardalis mearnsi, 290

Fennel, 237

Fern, 44, 140, 164

Fig, 344

Fighting, intraspecies, 323, 336-337

Filarien, 202

Fir, Scotch, 140

Fish, 3, 268-269

Flacourtiaceae, 159

Flagellate, unidentified, 176

Flies, conopid, 228 ichneumon, 236 muscid, 229 phorid, 227 sand, 322 sarcophagid, 229 tachinid, 228

Foeniculum vulgare, 237

Fondia sp., 318

Food, cockroaches as human, 286-287 contamination of, 83 of cockroaches, 16, 21, 31, 32, 45, 68, 72, 77, 83, 87, 162-166, 314, 318, 319-324

Forficulid, 339

Forficulidae, 226

Formica, 267 omnivora, 268 rufa, 316 rufibarbis, 312 sp., 316 subcyanea, 312

Formicariidae, 280

Formicas, 316

Formicidae, 267, 311

Formicinae, 311

Fossils, 14

Fowl, guinea, 343 jungle, 277

Fox, 288

Freycinetia sp., 141

Fringillidae, 282

Frogs, 4, 270-272 tree, 270, 353

Fungi, 3, 127-139 hyperparasitic in protozoa, 178, 188 Imperfecti, 129

Fungus gardens, 313

Fusiformis lophomonadis, 119, 173

Galebia aegyptiaca, 195

Galerita janus, 347

Galliformes, 277

Gallus sp., 277

Gamocystis tenax, 168, 184

Geckos, 273, 354

Gekko gecko, 272

Gekkonidae, 272

Geomys sp., =24=

Geoscapheus robustus, 10, 319, 344

Geotrichum candidum, 131

Geraniaceae, 156

Geraniums, 156, 164

Gesneriaceae, 161

Giardia intestinalis, 171 sp., 172

Ginger, wild, 151

Glands, secretory, 345-347

Glomeropitcairnia erectiflora, 31, 144

Glyciphagidae, 218

Goat, 319

Goldenrod, 162

Gongylonema ingluvicola, 205 neoplasticum, 191, 206, 287 pulchrum, 192, 206 sp., 206

Gopher, pocket, 24

Gordiaceo, 202

Gordian worms, undetermined, 202; =pl. 29=

Gordiidae, 201

Gordioidea, 201

Gordius, 192 aquaticus, 201-202 blattae orientalis, 202 orientalis, 202 pilosus, 202 raphaelis, 202 sp., 202

Gossypium spp., 158

"Gram positive rods," 127

Gramineae, 141

Grapefruit, 66, 67

Graptoblatta notulata, 10, 50-51, 141, 147, 151, 158-161, 163, 298, 339

Grass, 37, 40, 42-53, 55, 59-62, 64-66, 69, 141-142 bunch, 64 desert, 27-30 feather, 46 marram, 47 Rhodes, 39, 141 saw, 42, 50 wire, 41, 52

Grassquit, Carib, 282

Greenhouses, 68, 80, 81, 155, 157, 162-165, 342

Gregarina blaberae, 184 blattae orientalis, 181 blattarum, 168, 181-182 fastidiosa, 182 gibbsi, 182 illinensis, 183 impetuosa, 183 légeri, 183 neo-brasiliensis, 183 ohioensis, 183 panchlorae, 183 parcoblattae, 183 rhyparobiae, =168=, 183 sandoni, 183 serpentula, 184 thomasi, 184

Gregarine, 181; =pl. 28=

Gregarinida, 181 unidentified, 184

Gregarinidae, 181

Gregariousness, 328, 330-336 physiological effects, 334-335

Grevisia, 144

Gromphadorhina laevigata, 10, 330 portentosa, 10, 298, 330, 354; =pl. 12=

Gru-gru, 142

Grubs, 317, 319

Gryllacrididae, 226

Guano, 16, 18-23

Guanobies, 16-17, 19

Guava, 54, 63, 67

Guêpe ichneumon, 258

Guinea pigs, 288

Gum tree, 36, 53, 59, 61, 63, 155

Gumbo limbo, 43, 44, 157

Gymnasio nudipes, 279

Gymnopithys leucaspis, 280

Gyna kazungulana, 10, 19 maculipennis, 10, 19 sp., 298 tristis, 10, 20 vetula, 10

Habitats, 15 aquatic, 30-33, 48 beach, 36, 42, 47, 52, 53, 58, 63, 69 cave, 16-17 cultivated areas, 38, 39, 53, 58 desert, 25-30, 39, 59, 65, 67, 69 dumps and rubbish, 38-40, 50, 53, 55, 67, 69 flatwoods, 37, 41, 42, 53, 60 forest, 36-38, 40-47, 49-57, 59-66 grassland, 41, 42, 52, 53, 64 hammock, 41-43, 50, 52, 53, 59, 60, 68 marsh, 42, 50 outdoor, 33-70 rotten wood, 34, 35, 38, 44, 45, 47, 49-52, 56-63 sand dune, 47, 61 sandhills, 36, 41, 42, 47, 50, 52, 60 scrub, 36, 37, 40-42, 48, 50, 52, 55, 57-60, 62, 66, 67 soil, 37, 39, 49, 53, 55, 58, 60, 67, 68, 344 steppe, 46, 47 stones and rock, 29, 31-33, 36-40, 43, 45-57, 59, 60, 62, 64, 67-70 structures, 70-90 aircraft, 87-90, 232 land-based, 73-82 ships, 82-87, 232-233 swamp, 41, 42, 46, 51, 53, 58, 61, 63, 66, 68 winter, 38-39, 61, 71

Hackberry, 50

Hadrurus arizonensis, 213

Hamamelidaceae, 155

Hammerschmidtiella diesingi, 124, 190, 191, 195-196 neyrae, 196 neyrai, 196

Haplosporidia, 185

Haplosporidium periplanetae, 185

Harpalus pennsylvanicus, 229

Hartmannella blattae, 177

Heather, 46, 47, 160

Hebardina concinna, 10, 278

Hedgehog, 4, 283, 354

Hedychium, 163

Helianthus sp., 162

Heliconia, =40=

Helminths, 2-3, 190-210 cockroaches as intermediate hosts, 203-207 cockroaches as primary hosts, 192-202 ova carried by cockroaches, 208-210

Hemiblabera brunneri, 10, 51, 156

Hemidactylus frenatus, 272

Hemiptera, 226, 348

Hemithyrsocera histrio, 7

Hemlock, 44

Henicotyle antillarum, 10, 51

Herpestes javanicus auropunctatus, 289 sp., 289

Herpetomonas periplanetae, 167

Herpomyces, 93, 127-129 amazonicus, 134 anaplectae, 134 appendiculatus, 134 arietinus, 128, 134-135; =pl. 27= chaetophilus, 135 chilensis, 135 diplopterae, 135 ectobiae, 135 forficularis, 135 gracilis, 135 grenadinus, 136 leurolestis, 136 lobopterae, 136 macropus, 136 nyctoborae, 136 panchlorae, 136 panesthiae, 136 paranensis, 136 periplanetae, 137, 138 phyllodromiae, 137 platyzosteriae, 137 stylopygae, 128, 137-138; =pl. 27= supellae, 138 tricuspidatus, 138 zanzibarinus, 138

Heterodon contortrix, 276 platyrhinos, 276

Heterogamia aegyptiaca, 13

Heterogamodes krügeri, 10, 20 roseni, 7 rugosa, 10, 28

Heterometrus longemanus, 211, 213

Heteropoda regia, 215 venatoria, 215; =pl. 30=

Heteroptera, 318

Hexamita, 102 cryptocerci, 171 periplanetae, 171 sp., 171

Hexamitidae, 171

2-hexenal, 6, 280, 345-346

Hibiscus, 36, 40, 68, 158

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, 68, 158

Hickory, 53, 60, 61, 63

Hierodula tenuidentata, 224-225, 355; =pl. 32=

Histiostoma feroniarum, 217

Holocompsa azteca, 10, 77 cyanea, 10, 78 fulva, 10, 298 metallica, 10, 51 nitidula, 10, 78, 148, 339 zapoteca, 10, 20

Hololampra bivittata, 10, 51 chavesi, 10, 51, 155 maculata, 10, 51 marginata, 10, 51 punctata, 10, 298 sp., 51

Hololeptoblatta sp., 51, 141

Holomastigotidae, 172

Holoquiscalus brachypterus, 282

Holotricha, 186

Homalodemas cruralis, 9

Homalopteryx laminata, 10, 52, 151 scotti, 9

Hominidae, 286

Homo sapiens, 286

Honeydew, 237, 242

Hookworm, ova, 210

Hoplonymphidae, 173

Hoplosphoropyga babaulti, 10, 20

Hormetica apolinari, 10, 51 laevigata, 10, 52, 143, 145, 148 spp., 148 ventralis, 10, 148

Hormurus caudicula, 213

Hornbill, gray, 279

Huckleberry, 43, 57

Humidity reactions, 35, 72, 129

Hygrocrocis intestinalis, 124

Hygroreceptors, 72

Hygrotaxis, 72, 331

Hyla cinerea, 270

Hylidae, 270

Hymenolepididae, 208

Hymenolepis diminuta, 203 sp., 208

Hymenoptera, 2, 234, 311 cockroach-hunting wasps, 255-266 host selection by egg parasites, 254-255 hosts of commensal cockroaches, 311-314 predators and parasites of cockroach eggs, 234-254

Hypermastigina, 172

Hyperolius picturatus, 271

Hypoaspis sp., 217

Hypocreaceae, 134

Hypocreales, 134

Hyporhicnoda, 146

Hyptia dorsalis, 239 harpyoides, 239; =pl. 33= reticulata, 239, 240 sp., 240 thoracica, 239, 240

Icteridae, 282

Icterus portoricensis, 280

Idionympha perissa, 174

Ignabolivaria bilobata, 10, 52

Iguanidae, 273

Ilex cassine, 66, 158 coriacea, 41, 158 lucida, 41, 158 rotunda, 257

Incertae sedis, fungi, 139 protozoa, 176

Inermicapsifer madagascariensis, 203

Infestations of cockroaches, 331

Inga laurina, 35, 156 vera, 35, 66, 67, 156, 317

Insecta, 224-268

Insectivora, 283

Inuus sylvanus, 286

Invertebrates in biological control, 349-352

Iodamoeba sp., 180

Iolina nana, 219

Iolinidae, 219

Ipomoea tiliasea, 66, 161

Iridomyrmex humilis, 268, 319

Ironwood, 164

Ischnomyrmex sp., 316

Ischnoptera, 134-135, 319 borealis, 12 cavernicola, 14 couloniana, 12 deropeltiformis, 10, 52, 142, 164, 298, 316, 336, 355; =pl. 12A= divisa, 12 insolita, 12 major, 12 panamae, 10, 53 pennsylvanica, 12 podoces, 10, 53, 340 remyi, 14 rufa occidentalis, 10, 78, 145 rufa rufa, 10, 53, 78, 89, 148, 161, 298 rufescens, 82 schenklingi, 10, 142 spp., 85, 89, 267, 298, 316 uhleriana, 12 uhleriana fulvescens, 12

Ischnuridae, 213

Isoptera, 310

Isotricha caulleryi, 187

Isotrichidae, 187

Jasmine, 45

Jasminum pubescens, 45

Jay, blue, 280 Florida, 280

Júcaro, 66

Juniper, 59

Juniperus sp., 65, 141

Jussiaea natans, 160, 164

Kakerlac schaefferi, 12

Kakkerlac, 260

Karnyia discoidalis, 10, 298

Kiawe tree, 164

Kingbird, grey, 35, 318

Klebsiella pneumoniae, 113

Kojukei, 277

Kuchinga hemerobina, 10, 298 remota, 10, 141, 148

Küchenschaben, 100, 169, 171-173, 188

Laboulbeniaceae, 127, 134

Laboulbeniales, 134

Lactobacillus fermenti, 109

Lactobacteriaceae, 109

Laelaptidae, 216

Lamproblatta albipalpus, 10, 53, 148 meridionalis, 10, 53

Lampyrid, undetermined, 230; =pl. 33=

Lampyridae, 230

Laniidae, 281

Lanius ludovicianus, 281

Larvaevoridae, 228

Lasius alienus, 268

Lastrea aristata, 163

Latiblattella chichimeca, 10, 54, 145 lucifrons, 11, 54, 146, 255 rehni, 11, 54, 140, 144, 339 spp., 85, 148 vitrea, 11, 143 zapoteca, 11, 54

Latindia armata, 8

Latrodectus indistinctus, 215-216 mactans, 216

Lauraceae, 153

Leafhoppers, 320

Legumes, 165

Leguminosae, 155

Leidynema appendiculata, 124, 190, 191, 196-198 appendiculata var. americana, 197 appendiculata var. hispana, 197 appendiculata var. indiana, 197 cranifera, 198 delatorrei, 198 nocalum, 198

Leidynemella fusiformis, 198 panesthiae, 198 paracranifera, 198

Leiolopisma laterale, 274

Lemur coronatus, 283 fulvus, 283 tardigradus, 284

Lemuridae, 283

Leontocebus oedipus, 285 rosalia, 285 ursulus, 285

Lepidoptera, 316-318

Lepomis pallidus, 269

Leptodactylus albilabris, 271 pentadactylus, 271

Leptomonas blaberae, 167 sp., 167

Leptopelis calcaratus, 271 rufus, 271

Leptospironympha, 102 eupora, 172 rudis, 172 wachula, 172

Lesser apple worm, 65

Leucophaea maderae, 11, 54, 70, 71, 78, 86, 89, 119, 148, 162, 168, 171, 203, 204, 213, 224, 236, 247, 299, 322, 329, 330, 333, 335, 339, 342, 347; =pls. 13, 28= sp., 299 striata, 13 surinamensis, 13

Leurolestes circumvagans, 11, 78 pallidus, 11, 71, 78, 299, 339

Lice, plant, 320

Lichens, 47, 51, 56, 64, 153

Liliaceae, 146

Lily, Brig, 84

Lily, Easter, 146, 164

Lime, 45, 66, 157, 164

Liopicus mahrattensis, 279

Liquidambar styraciflua, 155

Lissoblatta fulgida, 13, 157

Litopeltis biolleyi, 11, 54, 145 bispinosa, 11, 54, 58, 145, 148 deianira, 11, 54 musarum, 11, 54, 148 spp., 334

Lizards, 272-276, 353-354

Lobogynioides, 217

Lobolampra subaptera, 11, 55

Loboptera decipiens, 11, 55, 100, 299, 326, 350 dimidiatipes, 11 extranea, 11 sakalava, 11 sp., 299 thaxteri, 11, 55

Lobopterella dimidiatipes, 11, 55, 299, 338

Locustacarus sp., 219

Lophoblatta arawaka, 11, 55, 142

Lophocerus birostris, 279

Lophomonadidae, 172

Lophomonas, 101 blattarum, 101, 168, 172-173 striata, 101, 119, 168, 173 sulcata, 173

Loris tardigradus, 284

Lorisidae, 284

Lycolaimus, 192

Lycosa avida, 216 helluo, 216, 347 sp., 216; =pl. 30=

Lycosidae, 216

Lygaeidae, 226

Lymantria monacha, 121

Macaca cyclopis, 179 mulatta, 286 rhesus, 286 sylvanus, 286

Macaque, 286

Macropanesthia rhinocerus, 11, 55, 344

Macrospironympha, 102 xylopletha, 172

Macrotermes barneyi, 311 bellicosus, 311 malaccensis, 311 natalensis, 311

Maize, 55, 64, 142

Malleomyces mallei, 119

Malojillo, 31, 48, 141

Malpighian tubules, parasites in, 177, 185, 186

Malvaceae, 158

Mamestra oleracea, 120

Mammalia, 283, 354

Mammals, 3, 283

Mangifera indica, 157

Mangoes, 45, 157, 164

Mangrove, 36, 42, 53, 66

Mantidae, 224

Mantis, Carolina, 225 Chinese, 226 European, 225

Mantis religiosa, 225

Maple, 61-63

Marava arachidis, 339

Mareta acutiventris, 11, 317

Maretina uahuka, 11, 142, 155

Margattea sp., 317

Marsupialia, 283

Mastigophora, 166

Mastigoproctus giganteus, 211 sp., 211

Maze, 335

Mediterranean fruitfly, 252

Megachilidae, 314

Megalixalus fornasinii, 271

Megaloblatta blaberoides, 11, 55 rufipes, 11

Megalopyge krugii, 35, 317

Megamareta verticalis, 11, 56, 141

Megaselia sp., 227

Melanerpes portoricensis, 280

Melanosilpha capensis, 11, 299

Meleagrididae, 278

Meleagris gallopavo, 278

Meles sp., 289

Melipona nigra, 314

Melittobia chalybii, 248

Memnoniella echinata, 132

Mermis, 192, 202

Mermithidae, 192

Mermithids, undetermined, 192; =pl. 29=

Mermithoidea, 192

Mesquite, 37, 58, 156

Mestocharomyia oophaga, 248

Metallyticus semiaeneus, 225

Metarrhizium anisopliae, 131

Metrosideros collina, 160

Methana canae, 11, 56, 326 curvigera, 11, 56, 155, 326 marginalis, 11, 56, 79, 326

Methionine, 101

Micrococcaceae, 106

Micrococcus aurantiacus, 106 citreus, 106 epidermidis, 106 nigrofaciens, 106 pyogenes var. albus, 106-107 pyogenes var. aureus, 107 spp., 107, 108 ureae, 107

Microhabitats, 16-17, 25-26, 30-31, 33-35, 70-74

Microsporidia, 185

Microtetrameres helix, 206

Midas rosalia, 285

Mimicry, 6, 347-348

Mimosa, 57

Mines, 16, 19-21, 23

Miroblatta silphoides, 10

Mirotermes, 102

Mites, 2, 3, 211, 216-222, 318, 320 cheese, 222 cockroach, 219, 221 control, 222 mushroom, 218 unidentified, 220

Molossidae, 283

Molossus sp., 283

Moluchia (?) dahli, 11, 56

Monadidae, 167

Monas sp., 167

Monastria biguttata, 11, 344 sp., 299

Mongoose, 289, 354

Monilaceae, 130

Moniliales, 129

Moniliformidae, 203

Moniliformis dubius, 203, 270, 271, 276 kalahariensis, 203 moniliformis, 191, 204

Monkey, 4, 284-286, 343 Canal Zone night, 284 Darien black spider, 284 white-faced, 284

Monocercomonas orthopterorum, 169

Monocercomonoides, 102 globus, 169 melolonthae, 168, 169 orthopterorum, 169-170 panesthiae, 170

Monodelphis sp., 283

Mononychoblatta, 26

Moraceae, 153

Mosquitoes, 322

Moss, 46, 47, 56, 64 Spanish, 54, 144

"Mouche bleue, La," 260

Mouse, 103-104 sand, 24 white-footed, 24, 205

Mucor guilliermondii, 132 sp., 132

Mucoraceae, 132

Mucorales, 132

Muridae, 287

Murorinae, 129

Mus decumanus, 287 musculus, 287

Musa (see banana)

Musaceae, 146

Muscidae, 229

Mustelidae, 289

Mutant, white-eyed, 21

Mutualism, 92, 96-102

Mutuals, 95

Muzoa madida, 11, 56

Mycetozoa, 176

Mycobacteriaceae, 123

Mycobacterium avium, 123 friedmannii, 123 lacticola, 123 leprae, 123 lepraemurium, 123 phlei, 123 piscium, 124 spp., 124 tuberculosis, 124

Myna (mynah), 281

Myrica cerifera, 43, 152

Myricaceae, 152

Myrmeblattina longipes, 11, 314

Myrmecoblatta rehni, 11, 312 wheeleri, 11, 314

Myrmecophiles, 311-314, 316

Myrmicaria natalensis, 316

Myrmicinae, 312

Myrtaceae, 160

Namablatta bitaeniata, 11, 28

Nasua narica, 288 nasua, 288 sp., 289

Nasutitermes costalis, 317

Nauclidas nigra, 11, 56, 148, 326, 327

Nauphoeta bivittata, 11 brazzae, 11 cinerea, 11, 70, 79, 86, 89, 100, 115, 116, 123, 162, 163, 192, 224-226, 259, 299, 324, 330, 335, 337, 339; =pl. 14= flexivitta, 11, 148, 163 punctipennis, 11, 28

Necator americanus, 210

Nectandra coriacea, 43, 153

Neisseria meningitidis, 109

Neisseriaceae, 109

Nelipophygus ramsdeni, 11, 56

Nematoda, 192, 204, 209

Nematodes, 2-3, 190-192, 204, 209 undetermined, 201

Nematomorpha, 201

Neoaplectana chresima, 192-193 sp., 192

Neoblattella brunneriana, 11, 145 carcinus, 11, 148 celeripes, 11, 148, 324 detersa, 11, 56, 148 dryas, 11, 56, 145, 160, 340 eurydice, 11, 57, 145, 340 fratercula, 11, 86, 145, 148 fraterna, 11, 86 grossbecki, 11, 57, 145 laodamia, 11, 148 nahua, 11, 86, 145 proserpina, 11, 57, 145, 160, 339 semota, 11, 57, 148 spp., 79, 86, 89, 148, 149, 324 tridens, 11, 148 vatia, 11, 148

Neonephrites partiniger, 230

Neorhipidius neoxenus, 230

Neostylopyga rhombifolia, 11, 70, 77, 79, 86, 138, 209, 210, 224, 255, 259, 272, 273, 280, 300, 346; =pl. 15=

Neotoma sp., 23-25, 37, 50

Nepenthaceae, 154

Nepenthes ampularia, 154 gracilis, 154 sp., 154

Nephrites australis, 231 nitidus Riek not Shuckard, 231 sp., 231

Nepidae, 227

Nesomylacris cubensis, 11, 57 relica, 11, 57, 145

Nests, ant, 27, 311-314, 316 bird, 35, 318 insect, 35, 43, 66, 67, 69, 156, 317, 318 rodent, 23-25, 37, 50 spider, 215-216, 317

Neuroptera, 227

Nicotiana sp., 161

Nocardia sp., 124

"Nocticola" azteca, 149

Nocticola, 17, 149 bolivari, 11, 17, 57 caeca, 11, 20 decaryi, 11, 20 simoni, 12, 20 sinensis, 12, 311 termitophila, 12, 311

Nosema periplanetae, 185, 186

Nosematidae, 185

Nothoblatta wasmanni, 12, 312

Notila proteus, 170

Notolampra antillarum, 12, 144, 159

Nucleophaga sp., 178

Nyctibora azteca, 12, 149 brunnea, 12, 145 holosericea, 12, 149 laevigata, 12, 57, 145, 149, 339 latipennis, 12 lutzi, 12, 57, 145, 317 mexicana, 12, 149 noctivaga, 12, 86, 100, 145, 149 obscura, 12, 57, 149, 300 sericea, 12, 149 spp., 86, 149, 300 stygia, 12, 58, 156 tomentosa, 12, 300

Nyctotherus, 92, 101, 102 buissoni, 188 ovalis, 101, 102, 168, 188 uichanci, 188 viannai, 189

Nymphytria, 26

Oak, 36-38, 41, 43, 44, 46, 47, 52, 53, 59-66, 152-153

Oats, wild, 52, 142

Ocelot, 290

Ocneria dispar, 126

Ocotea catesbyana, 43, 153

Octomitus periplanetae, 171

Odonata, 224

Odontomachus affinis, 314 clarus, 316 haematodes insularis var. pallens, 316

Odontotermes sp., 311

Oikomonadidae, 166

Oikomonas blattarum, 166 sp., 166, 167

Oligacanthorhynchidae, 203

Onagraceae, 160

Oniscosoma granicollis, 12, 300 spp., 58, 344

Oöthecae, concealment of, 47, 61, 63, 325-327

Ophion luteus, 261

Opisthoplatia maculata, 12, 30, 32-33 orientalis, 12, 33, 58

Orange, 45, 157, 164

Orangutan, 70

Orchidaceae, 151

Orchids, 151, 162-163, 164, 237

Origins of domiciliary cockroaches, 70-71

Oriole, Puerto Rican, 280

Oriolidae, 280

Orthoptera, 2, 15, 16, 25, 34, 85, 88, 224

Oulopteryx meliponarum, 12, 314

Ovipositor, cockroach, 15

Owls, 276, 353 bare-legged, 279

Oxyhaloa buprestoides, 12, 70, 79, 86 deusta, 12, 149

Oxymonadidae, 170

Oxymonas, 102 doroaxostylus, 170 nana, 170

Oxyspirura mansoni, 68, 191, 204-205, 278

Oxyuridae, 209

Oxyuris aegyptiaca, 195 australasiae, 199 blattae, 193, 196 blattae orientalis, 195, 196 blatticola, 193 bulhõesi, 200 diesingi, 195 (?) heterogamiae, 199 künckeli, 199 macrura, 195 panesthiae, 198

Oxyuroidea, 193, 204, 209

Palamnaeus, 211

Palissota, 34

Paliurus aculeatus, 38

Pallasiomys meridionalis pennicilliger, 24

Palmae, 141

Palmetto, 37, 49, 50, 57, 62, 64, 67, 166

Palms, 45, 50, 52, 58, 64, 143, 150, 164 coconut, 36, 40, 42, 50, 53, 56, 58, 64, 68, 143 date, 143 royal, 54, 143 sago, 166

Pan sp., 286

Panchlora antillarum, 12, 58, 143, 149 cubensis, 12 exoleta, 12, 150, 300 fraterna, 12, 150 maderae, 11 nivea, 12, 58, 79, 86, 89, 142, 150, 300; =pl. 16= peruana, 12, 150 sagax, 12, 58, 150 spp., 150, 324 virescens, 12, 150

Panchlorinae, 231

Pandanaceae, 141

Pandanus, 51, 141, 150

Panesthia, 102 angustipennis, 12, 100, 300 australis, 12, 58, 301, 327, 354; =pl. 8= "brevicollis," 194 javanica, 12 laevicollis, 12, 58, 301, 327 lobipennis, 12, 301 spp., 301, 328 spadica, 12, 301

Panicum barbinode, 141 purpurascens, 141

Papayas, 45, 159, 164

Papio papio, 286

Parabuthus capensis, 212

Parachordodes raphaelis, 202

Paraclevelandia brevis, 190 simplex, 190

Paracolobactrum aerogenoides, 113 coliforme, 113 spp., 113

Paradisea papuana, 280

Parahormetica bilobata, 12, 301

Parameciidae, 186

Paramecium sp., 186-187

Paranephrites xenus, 230

Parapolyphaga erectipilis, 9-10

Parasites, 91, 95-96; =pls. 16, 27, 29, 35= cockroach egg, 2, 234-254, 350-352; =pls. 33, 34= host selection by, 254-255

Parasitism, 91-94

Parcoblatta, 350 americana, 12, 267 bolliana, 12, 59, 338 caudelli, 12, 59 desertae, 12, 25, 29, 59, 316 divisa, 12, 59, 140, 152, 153, 155 fulvescens, 12, 24, 59-60, 79, 140 lata, 12, 60, 79, 100, 140, 152, 301, 333, 339 notha, 12, 80 pensylvanica, 12, 15, 61, 80, 100, 152, 153, 257, 302, 318, 319, 327, 333, 339; =pl. 17= spp., 17, 20, 63, 144, 206, 302, 316, 333, 336 uhleriana, 12, 15, 61-62, 100, 302, 339; =pls. 18, 33= virginica, 12, 15, 62-63, 100, 230, 255, 257, 258, 302, 316, 323, 333; =pls. 17, 27, 33= zebra, 12, 63, 140, 155

Parinarium, 34

Parsley, 237

Parsnip, 240

Partridge, 278

Parvobacteriaceae, 119

Passer domesticus, 282

Passeriformes, 280

Passiflora sp., 37, 159

Passifloraceae, 159

Pasteurella multocida, 119 pestis, 119

Pastinaca sativa, 240

Paxylomma buccata, 255

p-benzoquinone, 216, 347

p-chlorophenyl, p-chlorobenzene sulfonate, 222

Pedipalpida, 211

Pelmatosilpha coriacea, 12, 63, 142, 150, 151, 160 kevani, 12, 63 marginalis, 12, 150, 326 purpurascens, 12, 63, 150, 326 rotundata, 12, 145 vagabunda, 12, 150

Peltomyces blattellae, 176 periplanetae, 176-177

Penicillium sp., 131

Periplaneta americana, 12, 17, 20, 63-64, 70, 71, 80, 83, 84, 87, 89, 98-101, 103, 104, 106, 126, 129, 143, 150, 151, 56, 162, 163, 166, 190, 191, 205, 211-213, 223, 225, 226, 229, 245, 255, 271, 272, 276, 280, 302-304, 318, 320, 321, 323-327, 332, 334-336, 338-340, 342, 346-348, 350-352, 354; =pls. 19, 33, 34, 35= australasiae, 12, 21, 55, 64, 70, 71, 80, 87, 89, 100, 105, 115, 117, 123, 143, 150, 151, 153, 158, 159, 163, 209, 210, 214, 225, 304-305, 318-320, 323, 326, 327, 333, 335, 338, 339, 341, 342, 348, 350, 351, 354; =pls. 20, 32= brunnea, 12, 64, 70, 80, 150, 153, 171, 305, 323, 325-326, 340, 346; =pl. 21= cavernicola, 12, 16, 21 fortipes, 13 fuliginosa, 12, 64, 81, 158, 164, 251, 277, 305, 327, 335, 338; =pl. 22= ignota, 12, 81, 115, 327 lata, 12, 21 orientalis, 8 picea, 12 spp., 21, 90, 305-306, 317, 352 tartara, 8

Periplaneticola mirzaia, 193

Perisphaerus armadillo, 12, 329 glomeriformis, 12, 329, 347 sp., 21, 329

Periwinkle, 47

Permian, 14

Perodicticus potto, 284

Peromyscus leucopus noveboracensis, 205 polionotus rhoadsi, 24

Petitia domingensis, 66, 317

Petroselium crispum, 237

Phaetalia pallida, 12, 81

Phasianidae, 277

Phasianus calchicus karpowi, 277 sp., 277

Pheasants, 277

Pheidole megacephala, 268

Phidon (?) dubius, 13, 64

Phileciton longipes, 314

Philip, Ship, 83

Philodromus pernix, 318

Phlebonotus pallens, 13, 329

Phlebotomus papatasii, 322

Phoenix dactylifera, 143

Pholadoblatta inusitata, 13, 316

Phoraspidinae, 329

Phoraspis sp., 64, 142

Phoridae, 227

Phormictopus cancerides, 214

Phorticolea boliviae, 13, 311, 314 testacea, 13, 312

Phryganoporus, 317

Phycomycetes, 132

Phyllodromia germanica, 8 hemerobina, 10 hieroglyphica, 10 humbertiana, 8 nigrocincta, 14 obtusata, 7 parenthesis, 14 spp., 306, 352 supellectilium, 13-14 treitliana, 13, 245

Phyllodromica brevipennis, 13, 64 graeca, 13, 65 irinae, 13, 65 maculata, 13, 65 megerlei, 13, 65, 153 polita, 13, 65 pygmaea, 13, 65, 141 tartara, 13, 65 tartara nigrescens, 13, 65, 141, 162

Physaloptera hispida, 191, 207 maxillaris, 191, 207, 288, 289 praeputialis, 207 rara, 191, 207, 288, 289 turgida, 191, 207

Physalopteridae, 207

Physignathus lesueurii, 275

Phytoseiidae, 216

Picidae, 279

Piciformes, 279

Pigeon, 279, 343

Pileocephalus blaberae, 184

Pilocrocis secernalis, 66, 317

Pimeliaphilus podapolipophagus, 219-221, 320

Pimelodidae, 268

Pinaceae, 140

Pine, 36, 41-44, 46, 47, 49-54, 57, 59-67, 140

Pineapple, 39, 45, 68, 144, 165

Pinus australis, 140 caribaea, 50, 52, 53, 59, 64, 140 clausa, 53, 140 echinata, 140 spp., 40 sylvestris, 140

Pisces, 268

Plagiotoma blattarum, 188

Plants, carnivorous, 154 damage to, by cockroaches, 162-166 higher, 139-162 pitcher, 154

Platyhelminthes, 208

Platyzosteria analis, 13, 306 armata, 13, 100 bifida, 13, 151 castanea, 13, 65, 306, 345 ingens, 10 novae seelandiae, 13, 65, 306, 321, 346; =pl. 23= novae-zealandiae, 13 sabalianus, 10 scabra, 13, 306 sp., 306

Plectoptera dominicae, 13, 66, 157 dorsalis, 13, 66, 67, 81, 142, 143, 151, 155-158, 160, 161, 317 floridana, 13 infulata, 13, 66, 142, 155, 156-158, 317 lacerna, 13, 66, 140, 153 perscita, 13, 66, 157 poeyi, 13, 66, 158, 159 porcellana, 13, 66, 157, 162 pygmaea, 13, 66 rhabdota, 13, 66, 67, 142, 155-158, 160, 317 sp., 306 vermiculata, 13, 67, 140

Pleistophora periplanetae, 186

Plethodon glutinosus, 269

Plethodontidae, 269

Plistophora kudoi, 185-186 periplanetae, 177, 185, 186 sp., 186

Ploceinae, 318

Ploceus sp., 318

Plumiger histrio, 7

Plumilla, 35

Pneumococcus, 109

Podapolipodidae, 219

Podium abdominale, 265 carolina, 265 dubium, 265 flavipenne, 265-266 haematogastrum, 263, 266, 352 luctuosum, 266 rufipes, 266 sp., 266

Podocarpus, 42

Pogonomyrmex badius, 346, 347; =pl. 36=

Poinsettia sp., 157

Poinsettias, 164

Polecat, 4

Poliomyelitis viruses, 3, 103

Polistes, 318, 319

Polybia pygmaea, 314

"Polygamia" aegyptiaca, 13 roseni, 7

Polymastigidae, 169

Polymastigina, 169

Polymastix, 101

Polyphaga aegyptiaca, 13, 21, 24, 25, 29, 67, 81, 100, 190, 306 indica, 13, 24, 29, 317 pellucida, 13 saussurei, 13, 24, 29, 67, 71, 81, 114, 115, 117-119, 306 sp., =21=

Polyphagids, 344

Polyphaginae, 25

Polypodiaceae, 140

Polystichum aristatum, 163

Polyzosteria analis, 13 limbata, 13, 67 melanaria, 13, 306

Pomarrosa, 160

Pompilidae, 256

Pompilus bracatus, 256 sp., 256

Ponerinae, 314

Pongidae, 286

Ponies, pit (mine), 16, 23

Populus diversifolia, 152 euphratica, 47, 152 sp., 152

Poroblatta nigra, 11 spp., 67

Potamotrygon humboldti, 268 hystrix, 268

Potamotrygontidae, 268

Potato, 165

Potto, 284

Poultry, 276-278, 353

Prairie dog, 24

Predation, interspecies, 92, 319-322 intraspecies, 92, 322-324

Predatism, 91-95

Predators, 91, 96, 319 defense against, 343-348 of cockroach eggs, 234

Prey, experimental, 4 natural, 4

Primates, 283

Pritchardia, 64, 163

Privies (latrines), cockroaches in, 74, 80, 81, 178, 340

Procyonidae, 288

Prodenia litula, 320

Prolabia, 339

Prolophomonas tocopola, 173

Prosevania punctata, 240-242, 254-255, 351; =pl. 33=

Prosoplecta, 348

Prosthenorchis elegans, 203, 283, 285, 286, 288-290 spirula, 203, 283, 286, 288-290

Proteus mirabilis, 114 morganii, 114 rettgeri, 114 spp., 114 vulgaris, 114

Protomagalhaesia serpentula, 168, 184

Protomonadina, 166

Protospirura bonnei, 206 columbiana, 206 muricola, 191, 206, 284

Protozoa, 2, 92, 101-103, 166-190 cultured in vitro, 170, 178, 179, 188

Protrelleta floridana, 199

Protrellina, 199 aurifluus, 199 australasiae, 199 galebi, 199 künckeli, 199 manni, 200 phyllodromi, 200

Protrelloides paradoxa, 200

Protrellus aureus, 199 aurifluus, 199 australasiae, 199 galebi, 199 künckeli, 199 manni, 200 phyllodromi, 200

Pseudoderopeltis aethiopica, 13, 100

Pseudomonadaceae, 104

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 104 eisenbergii, 105 fluorescens, 105

Pseudomopinae, 60, 230, 231

Pseudomops cincta, 13, 319 laticornis, 13, 145 septentrionalis, 13, 67, 162

Pseudophoraspis nebulosa, 13, 81, 328

Pseudosaccharomycetaceae, 129

Psidium guajava, 67, 160

Psocoptera, 318

Pteridophyta, 139

Pteromalidae, 247

Pteromalus sp., 247, 248

Pterygosomidae, 219

Pycnosceloides aporus, 12, 58

Pycnoscelus niger, 13, 22 striatus, 13, 22 surinamensis, 2, 13, 22, 25, 67-68, 70, 71, 81, 87, 90, 100, 138, 139, 142-146, 151, 152, 155-157, 161-165, 191, 212, 229, 259, 279, 280, 282, 306-307, 324, 330, 333, 335, 338, 341-343, 350, 353; =pl. 24=

Pyrus sp., 62

Quail, Japanese, 277

Quercus alba, 152 pubescens, 38 rubra, 152 spp., 153 virginiana, 152

Quinones, 347

Rana catesbeiana, 271 mascareniensis, 271 pipiens, 271, 345

Ranatra sp., 227

Ranidae, 270

Rats, 4, 287 kangaroo, 23, 26 Norway, 287 wood, 23, 26

Rattus norvegicus, 287 rattus, 287 spp., 287

Reduviidae, 227

Reduviids, undetermined, 227

Reduvius christophi, 227 fedtschenkianus, 227

Renealmia sp., 151

Repellents, 345-347

Reptiles, 3, 272-276, 353 eggs of, 320

Reptilia, 272-276

Reticulitermes sp., 317

Retortamonas blattae, 167, 168 orthopterorum, 169 sp., 167

Rhabditoidea, 192

Rhamdia sebae, 268

Rhantus pacificus, 230

Rhicnoda natatrix, 13, 33 sp., 146

Rhinopsis caniculatus, 257

Rhinotermitidae, 310

Rhipidioides ableptus, 230 adynatus, 230 fuscatus, 230 helenae, 230 mollis, 231 rubricatus, 231

Rhipidius, 230

Rhipiphoridae, 230

Rhizobiaceae, 106

Rhizoglyphus tarsalus, 218

Rhizophora mangle, 36, 159

Rhizophoracea, 159

Rhizopus nigricans, 133 sp., 133

Rhombomys opimus, 24

Rhynchonympha, 102 tarda, 174, 175

Rhyparobia maderae, 11

Rhythms, diurnal, 335

Rhytidometopum dissimile, 13, 68, 158

Riatia fulgida, 13, 157 orientis, 13, 68, 158

Riboflavin, 101

Rictularia coloradensis, 192, 205

Riekella australis, 231 nitidioides, 231 sp., 231

Ripidiini, biology of Australian, 231

Ripidius, 230 boissyi, 231-232 denisi, 232 pectinicornis, 84, 232-233 scutellaris, 233 sp., 232

Ripiphoridae, 230

Roach (see cockroach)

Robshelfordia circumducta, 13, 307 longiuscula, 13, 307

Rodentia, 287

Rosa sp., 155

Rosaceae, 155

Rose, 155, 163-165

Roundworms, 2 (see Helminths)

Roystonea regia, 143

Rubiaceae, 161

Rubus spp., 155

Rushes, 46

Rutaceae, 157

Sabal palmetto, 50

Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 133 sp., 133

Saccharomycetaceae, 133

Saccharomycetes, 129

Saccharum officinarum, 141-142

Saccinobaculus, 102 ambloaxostylus, 170 doroaxostylus, 170 lata, 170 minor, 170 undescribed spp., 170

Saimiri sciurea, 285

Salamander, 269

Salganea morio, 13, 334

Salicaceae, 152

Salientia, 270

Salius verticalis, 256

Salix sp., 152

Salmonella anatis, 114 choleraesuis, 114 enteritidus, 114 morbificans, 115 paratyphi, 115 schottmuelleri, 115 typhimurium, 116 typhosa, 117

Salmonella sp. (Type Adelaide), 115 (Type Bareilly), 115 (Type Bredeny), 115 (Type Derby), 115 (Type Kentucky), 115 (Type Kottbus), 115 (Type Meleagris), 116 (Type Montevideo), 116 (Type Newport), 116 (Type Oranienburg), 116 (Type Panama), 116 (Type Rubislaw), 116 (Type Tennessee), 116

Salsola kali, 65

Samanea saman, 35, 156

Samui, Steamship, 232

Sapindaceae, 158

Sapotaceae, 160

Sarcina alba, 108 aurantiaca, 108 lutea, 108 spp., 108-109 symbiotica, 108 ventriculi, 108

Sarcodina, 176

Sarcophaga lambens, 2, 229 omani, 229 sternodontis, 229 spp., 229

Sarcophagidae, 229

Sarracenia flava, 154 minor, 154 purpurea, 154 variolaris, 154

Sarraceniaceae, 154

Sauria, 272

Scale, diaspine, 237

Sceliphron caementarium, 248

Schistosoma haematobium, 208

Schistosomatidae, 208

Schizomycetes, 104

Schizophyta, 104

Schwenkiella icemi, 200

Scincidae, 274

Scolopendra, 222 cingulata, 223 morsitans, 223 subspinipes, 224 sp., 224

Scolopendridae, 223

Scolopendromorpha, 223

Scorpionida, 211

Scorpionidae, 213

Scorpions, 3, 211, 349

Scorzonera acanthoclada, 65, 162

Scutigera coleoptrata, 222-223; =pl. 31= forceps, 222 maculata, 223

Scutigeridae, 222

Scutigeromorpha, 222

Sea grape, 43, 69

Seaweed, 47, 55

Secretions, repellent, 6, 216, 225 sexual, 235

Sedge, 66

Serpentes, 276

Serratia marcescens, 117-118; =pl. 16=

Setaria verticillata, 142

Seurocyrnea colini, 207

Severianoia magna, 200 severianoi, 200

Sewers, cockroaches in, 74, 332, 338

Shelfordella tartara, 8

Shigella alkalescens, 118 dysenteriae, 118 paradysenteriae, 119

Ships, 82-84 cockroaches on, 79, 82-87 slave, 79, 86, 87

Shrike, 281

Sibylloblatta panesthoides, 13, 151

Sida, 64, 159, 163

Sideroxylon foetidissimum, 63, 160

Silkworm, bacterium from, 126 "disease bacillus," 127

Simblerastes jamaicanus, 13, 69, 317, 334

Simia jacchus, 285

Sinanthropes, 71, 81

Skinks, 274, 354

Snakes, 276

Sodium fluoride, 278

Solanaceae, 161

Solanum tuberosum, 161

Solenopsis geminata, 314

Solindenia picticornis, 246, 247

Sound, cockroach, 330

Sow bugs, 347

Sparassidae, 215

Sparrow, 282 English, 282

Spartan, Ship, 84

Spartina marsh, 42

Spelaeoblatta caeca, 14 gestroi, 13, 22

Spermophilopsis leptodactylus, 24

Sphaerita, 189

Sphaerodactylus sp., 273

Sphagnum, 52

Sphecidae, 264

Sphecophila polybiarum, 13, 314 ravana, 13, 310-311 termitium, 13, 311

Sphodromantis bioculata, 225 viridis, 225

Spicaria prasina, 130

Spiders, 3, 211, 214-216, 317, 318, 347, 349; =pl. 30= banana, 215 big, brown house, 215 bird-eating, 214 black widow, 216 button, 215 huntsman, 215 nests, 215-216

Spiniger domesticus, 227

Spirillochaeta blattae, 127

Spirillum α, β, and γ, 105 periplaneticum, 105, 127 sp., 105

Spirocerca sanguinolenta, 203

Spirochaeta blattae, 125 blattarum, 125 periplanetae, 125 stylopygae, 125

Spirochaetaceae, 125

Spirochaetales, 125

Spirochaetes, unidentified, 125

"Spirochaetoid bacteria," 127

Spirorbis pusillus, 14

Spirostomidae, 188

Spirotricha, 187

Spirura gastrophila, 207

Spiruridae, 205

Spiruroidea, 204

Spondias, 67 mombin, 158 purpurea, 158

Sporozoa, 181

Spruce, 44

Squirrel, ground, 23, 24, 26

Stagmomantis carolina, 225-226

Staphylococci, 107

Staphylococcus albus, 107

Staurojoeninidae, 174

Stegobium paniceum, 99

Steinernematidae, 192

Steleopyga sinensis, 13, 307

Stenamma andrei, 316

Stenobothrus vagans, 46

Stenophora sp., 181

Stenophoridae, 181

Sterculiaceae, 159

Stictolampra buqueti concinula, 14, 33

Stigmatomyces sp., 129, 138

Stilpnoblatta minuta, 316

Stipa lessingiana, 46

Strepsiptera, 234

Streptococcus faecalis, 109 liquefaciens, 110 microapoika, 110 non-hemolyticus, 110 pyogenes, 110 spp., 110

Streptomyces leidynematis, 124, 196, 197

Streptomycetaceae, 124

Streptopelia chinensis, 278

Streptostomum gracile, 195

Strigidae, 279

Strigiformes, 279

Strongyloidea, 209

Sturnidae, 281

Stylogaster spp., 228 stylata, 228

Stylopyga americana, 12

Styphon bakeri, 14, 69, 344

Subulura jacchi, 204

Subuluridae, 204

Sugarcane, 37-39, 45, 48, 51, 53-56, 58, 64, 66-69, 141-142

Suifunema caudelli, 200

Sulfur, flowers of, 222

Sunfish, 269

Sunflower, 67

Supella hottentotta, 14, 29 supellectilium, 14, 69, 70, 71, 76, 82, 87, 89, 100, 115, 117, 142, 161, 165, 205, 216, 223, 232, 255, 307, 327, 333, 335, 339, 342, 349-351; =pls. 25, 30, 31, 34= sp., 90

Swift, edible-nest, 318

Swiss chard, 47, 153

Symbiosis, 25-26, 92

Symbius blattarum, 232

Symploce bicolor, 14, 82 bilabiata, 14 breviramis, 14, 22 cavernicola, 14, 21, 22, 318, 333 curta, 14, 22 flagellata, 14, 69, 307 hospes, 14, 82, 161, 339 jamaicana, 14, 69 kevani, 14, 29 lita, 14 parenthesis, 14, 307 remyi, 14, 22 ruficollis, 14, 69, 142, 161, 307 sp., =90=

Syncephalastrum sp., 133

Synonyms, 5

Syntomosphyrum blattae, 248 glossinae, 250 ischnopterae, =249=

Systellogaster ovivora, 248

Syzygium aromaticum, 160

Szepligetella sericea, 242

Tachinid, undetermined, 228

Tachysphex blatticidus, 264 coriaceus, 264 fanuiensis, 264 lativalvis, 264-265

Taenia echinococcus, 208 saginata, 208

Taeniidae, 208

Taenioidea, 208

Tamarind, 51

Tamarindus indica, 156

Tapeworm, undetermined, 208

Tarachodes maurus, 226

Tarantula, 214

Tarantula, 214

Tarsiidae, 284

Tarsius, 284

Tartaroblatta karatavica, 14, 70

Tatu novemcinctum, 287

Taxodiaceae, 140

Tegenaria, 214

Teiidae, 275

Temnopteryx, 134-135 deropeltiformis, 10 obliquetruncata, 14, 317 phalerata, 14, 307 platysoma, 8

Temperature preference, 25, 71

Tenadores, Steamship

Tenodera aridifolia sinensis, 226

Termes bellicosus, 311 flavipes, 316 malaccensis, 311 sp., =311=

Termites, 57, 69, 102, 310-311, 317, 320 comején, 317

Termitidae, 311

Termopsis sp., 317

Testudo horsfieldi, 24

Tetragenous sp., 127

Tetralopha scabridella, 35, 66, 67, 317

Tetrameres americana, 207 pattersoni, 207

Tetrastichodes asthenogmus, 249

Tetrastichus australasiae, 249 hagenowii, 94, 249-253, 255, 349-351; =pl. 34= periplanetae, 253 sp., 249, 254, 351

Tetratrichomastix blattidarum, 170

Tettix kraussi, 46

Thallophyta, 129

Thecadactylus sp., 273

Theganopteryx straminea, 14, 30

Thelastoma aligarhica, 200 brevicaudatum, 194 bulhõesi, 201 heterogamiae, 199 icemi, 200 indiana, 194 magalhãesi, 194 pachyjuli, 200-201 palmettum, 201 panesthiae, 198 riveroi, 201

Thelastomatidae, 190, 193

Thelaziidae, 204

Thelyphonidae, 211

Thelyphonus giganteus, 211

Theobroma cacao, 159

Theraphosidae, 214

Therea nuptialis, 14, 344

Theridiidae, 215

Thistle, 60 giant, 51

Thyrsocera cincta, 13

Tiaris bicolor omissa, 282

Tillandsia fasciculata, 144 usneoides, 144 uttriculata, 50, 144 sp., 31, 36, 144

Timulla eriphyla, 264

Tivia australica, 14, 316 brunnea, 14, 30 fulva, 14, 28, 30 macracantha, 14, 23 obscura, 14, 30 sp., 23

Toads, 270, 353

Tobacco, 165

Tockus birostris, 279

Todidae, 279

Todus mexicanus, 279

Tody, 279

Torula acidophila, 132 gropengiesseri, 132 rosea, 132

Torulopsis, 130

Toxoplasma gondii, 190

Trapping, 53, 59-63

Treeferns, 36, 42, 50, 56, 57, 139

Trees (see under common or scientific name) in general, 35-68

Trematoda, 208

Treponema parvum, 125 stylopygae, 125

Treponemataceae, 125

Triatoma arthurneivai, 227

Tribulus sp., 63, 156, 163, 165

Trichomastic orthopterum, 169

Trichomastix, 169

Trichomonadidae, 171

Trichomonas hominis, 171 orthopterorum, 169 sp., 171

Trichonympha, 102 acuta, 174 algoa, 174, 175 chula, 176 grandis, 176 lata, 176 okolona, 175, 176 parva, 176

Trichonymphidae, 174

Trichostrongylidae, 210

Trichostrongylus sp., 210

Trichotarsus, 218

Trichuridae, 210

Trichuris trichiura, 210

Trichuroidea, 210

Trigonopsis abdominalis, 265

Trirhogma caerulea, 262 sp., 264

Troglobies, 17, 20

Troglodytes aedon, 281 audax, 281

Troglodytidae, 281

Troglophiles, 16, 17, 19, 20, 23

Trogloxenes, 16

Tropidophorus grayi, 274

Trypanosomatidae, 167

Tulip tree, 53

Turkey, 278

Turtle, desert, 24, 26 painted, 272

Typhloblatta caeca, 14, 23

Typhloblattodes madecassus, 14, 23

Tyrophagus lintneri, 218 noxius, 218

Urinympha, 102 talea, 174, 175

Urodacus novaehollandiae, 213

Uropoda sp., 217

Uropodidae, 217

Vaccinium meridionale, 43, 160

Vanda, 151, 163

Veillonella parvula, 109

Vejovidae, 213

Verbenaceae, 161

Veromessor andrei, 316

Vertebrata, 268-290

Vertebrates, 3, 268 in biological control, 353-354

Vespa maculata, 318

Vespidae, 314

Vespula maculata, 61, 318

Vibrio comma, 105 Deneke's, 105 metschnikovii, 105 sp., 106 types I and II, 106 tyrogenus, 105

Vinca minor, 161

Vireo latimeri, 281

Vireonidae, 281

Viruses, 103-104 Coxsackie, 103-104 encephalomyelitis, mouse, 104 poliomyelitis, 3, 103 Brunhilde type, 103 Columbia SK, 103 Lansing strain, 103 unspecified strains, 103 yellow-fever, 104

Viverridae, 289

Vulpes sp., 288

Wasps, 91, 94, 314, 318, 348 cockroach-egg parasites, 234-254, 350, 352 cockroach-hunting, 255-266, 352

Water, balance, 72 drinking, 72 need for, 71

Water bug, 349

Wattle, 49

Webworm, 316

Weinmannia sp., 155

Whipscorpion, 211

William Kieth, Steamship, 84

Willow, 47, 63, 152

Woodpeckers, 279-280

Wren, 281

Xerophiles, 25

Xestoblatta festae, 14, 87 immaculata, 14, 23

Xylosma suaveolens, 159

Xysticus, 214

Yeasts, 3, 127, 129, 132

Yellow-fever virus, 104

Yucca elata, 54, 146

Zanthoxylum caribaeum, 66, 157

Zea mays, 142, 165

Zelotes, 314

Zeuxevania splendidula, 93, 243, 249, 350

Zingiberaceae, 151

Zootermopsis, 103

Zygophyllaceae, 156

FOOTNOTES:

Part of the cost of publication of this monograph was borne by the Office of Naval Research, Department of the Navy (through the American Institute of Biological Sciences), and by the Quartermaster Research and Engineering Center, Department of the Army.

Present address of both authors, Central Research Laboratories, United Fruit Co., Upland Road, Norwood, Mass.

Names of organisms preceded by an asterisk (*) are known or suspected pathogens of vertebrates. These records were presented with annotations in our 1957a paper on the medical and veterinary importance of cockroaches. For that reason the annotations have not been repeated herein, although the records have been included to make the listing of the biotic associates of cockroaches substantially complete.

The following helminths also have been stated in the literature to pass their intermediate stages in cockroaches: Hymenolepis diminuta (Rudolphi, 1819) [Blanchard (1891)]; Inermicapsifer madagascariensis (Davaine in Grenet, 1870) [Baer (1956)]; Spirocerca sanguinolenta (Rudolphi, 1819) [Seurat (1913)]. These doubtful records are discussed in Roth and Willis (1957a).

Barber (1939) has shown that the correct spelling of the name of the type genus is Ripidius and not Rhipidius, as it is frequently written, and that, consequently, the family should be Ripiphoridae and not Rhipiphoridae.

Page 11 of Marlatt (1902) has been cited erroneously so many times in support of host records for T. hagenowii and Evania appendigaster that we are quoting the pertinent section below. In the section preceding the quoted material Marlatt discusses the American, Australian, oriental, and German cockroaches. There is nothing in the paper to connect any of these cockroaches specifically with the parasites mentioned below:

NATURAL ENEMIES AND PARASITES

"In Europe the egg capsules of the cockroach are often parasitized by an ichneumon fly (Evania appendigaster). This insect has become widely distributed over the world following its host insect, and has been redescribed under a great many different names. It was found in Cuba as early as 1829, and has been several times collected in the United States. Unfortunately, its usefulness as a means of keeping the roach in check by destroying the egg capsules is greatly impaired by the occurrence of another ichneumon fly (Entedon hagenowi), which is parasitic upon the first. This is also a European species which has been brought over with its host parasite. If the true egg capsule parasite of the roach could have been introduced into this country without this secondary parasite, its usefulness would doubtless have been very much greater. The secondary parasite, however, seems to have been introduced early, and has been found in Cuba and Florida, and probably occurs as widely as its host and prevents the latter from multiplying very greatly."

Brues et al. (1954) include this family in the Encyrtidae.

archy (Marquis, 1931) was living in a dream world when he typed:

"there is always something to be thankful for you would not think that a cockroach had much ground for optimism but as the fishing season opens up i grow more and more cheerful at the thought that nobody ever got the notion of using cockroaches for bait"

Classification of Amphibia and Reptilia follows Hegner (1936).

Classification of Amphibia and Reptilia follows Hegner (1936).

Classification of Mammalia follows Simpson (1945).

The West Indian "Blabera fusca Brunner" of Saupe (1928) is obviously Blaberus craniifer as can readily be seen from a comparison of Saupe's figures of the pronotal shields of his species with the descriptions by Hebard (1917) of B. craniifer and Blaberus atropos (Stoll). The Chilean B. fusca Brunner is a junior synonym of B. atropos (Stoll), a South American insect (Hebard, 1917).

The species was recorded by these authors as Blaberus atropos. (Hebard, 1917 p. 204, footnote 327.)

Transcriber's Notes:

- symbol for: female indiv. replaced by - symbol for: male indiv. replaced by - symbol for: 'dagger' replaced by [cross] - Different languages (English, French, German, Danish, Latin, etc.) have different spellings for example in titles of books, etc. These remain as in the original. - Several blank lines inserted to enhance readability of text(!) - Several page numbers in 'table of contents' corrected, according to real page numbers. - caret used for superscripted characters; eg.: abc^{...} - underscore used for subscripted characters; eg.: abc_{...}