Part 41

Rangifer arcticus arcticus. . .: Harper, 1949: 226 (Kazan River; Eskimos starving for lack of caribou); 226-230, 239-240 (migration and its pattern); 226 (wintering S. to Churchill and Nelson rivers; Nueltin Lake); 226, 228 (habitat; trails); 226-227, 229-230 (locomotion); 227 (daily periods of rest); 228, 229, 230 (pelage and molt); 228 (insect pests); 228, 229 (organization of herds); 229 (antlers); 229-230 (disposition); 230 (grunting; shaking water off; foot-glands; food); 230-231 (utilization of hides and meat); 230-231, 239 (the wolf a beneficial predator); 231, 239 (numbers); 239 (civilized man the chief enemy; menace of reindeer culture).

"Caribou": Hoffman, 1949: 12 (herds of 50,000 in Mackenzie region spotted by aircraft; Indians and Eskimos thus directed to them; caribou hides shipped to Eskimos along Arctic coast, who are thus giving up seal-hunting).

Rangifer arcticus agg.: Polunin, 1949: 24 (contemplated introduction of Reindeer to replace Caribou); 72 (Frobisher Bay); 227, 230 (reported increase in NE. of Southampton Island); 230 (Eskimos on Southampton Island learning conservation methods); 233, 238, 262, 264 (Christopher Island, Baker Lake).

"Caribou": Porsild, 1950: 54 (relatively plentiful, 1949, Banks and Victoria islands).

"Barren-ground caribou": Banfield, 1951a: 1 (importance in northern economy); 3 (physical environment); 4 (former and present distribution); 4-5 (winter ranges); 5 (influences of fire on distribution); 6 (summer ranges; retrograde autumnal movement); 9 (estimated mainland population 670,000); 9-12 (migration); 10 (retrograde autumnal movement; rutting in October or November); 11 (influences of excessive hunting and fires on migration); 12-15 (changes in range and status); 13 (estimated population of 1,750,000 in 1900); 14-15 (destruction by whalers and natives); 15-17 (description; pelage and molt); 15 (weight); 17-18 (antler growth and change); 18 (tooth wear with age); 19 (body form; foot-prints; foot-click); 19-20 (food); 21 (locomotion; swimming); 22 (voice; senses; disposition); 23-24 (group behavior); 24-26 (sexual segregation); 26 (rutting behavior); 27 (fawning behavior; warning behavior); 27-29 (influence of food, weather, and flies on migration); 30 (vital statistics; growth); 31 (sexual maturity); 31-33 (warble flies); 33 (nostril flies, mosquitoes, and black flies); 33-35 (internal parasites); 35 (bacterial diseases); 35-36 (accidents); 36-37 (relations to other animals); 37-41 (relations to wolves; annual loss from wolf predation estimated at no more than 5 percent); 41 (wolverine only a scavenger); 42 (few kills by barren-ground grizzlies or golden eagles); 42-43 (effect of firearms and wastage by natives); 43-44 (caches); 44-45 (meat used as human food, dog feed, and fox bait); 46-47 (hides used for clothing, upholstery, tents, moccasins, etc.); 47 (use of sinew, antlers, and fat); 47-50 (human population in caribou range; annual kill estimated at 93,000 as a minimum).

Rangifer arcticus arcticus (Richardson): Banfield, 1951b: 120 (Mackenzie; wintering in forest, summering on tundra; specimens).

"Caribou": Scott, 1951: 17 (Musk Ox Lake, Mackenzie); 19 (near Beechey Lake); 37, 41, 83, 87, 88, 175, 214, 216 (Perry River, Keewatin); 127 (use by Eskimos); 179, 180 (doe with fawn, July 21); 199 (several thousand, July 27); 234 (Baker Lake).

"Caribou": Tweedsmuir, 1951: 18 (reduction on Baffin Island); 37 (Salisbury Island); 111 (gone from Foxe Land).

"Caribou": Anonymous, 1952: 261 (decline in numbers from 1,750,000 in 1900 to 670,000 in 1952); 263, 265, 267 (wolves harrying herds); 264 (annual kill estimated at 100,000; natural enemies account for 68,000 more); 267 (summer and winter ranges mapped).

Rangifer arcticus arcticus. . .: Mochi and Carter, 1953: pl. 9, fig. 3, and accompanying text (description; distribution).

"Caribou": Harper, 1953: 28 (caribou bodies in Nueltin Lake region fed upon by Rough-legged Hawks, Ravens, and Herring Gulls); 40 (lack of Caribou leading to large consumption of Ptarmigan as dog feed); 41 (Caribou preferred to Ptarmigan as Eskimo food); 60 (Long-tailed Jaegers feeding on caribou bodies); 62, 63 (depredations by Herring Gulls on caribou bodies); 64 (Ring-billed Gulls feeding on caribou bodies); 72 (Canada Jays as substitute for dog feed when caribou are lacking; these birds as scavengers on caribou bodies); 74 (Ravens and Canada Jays as scavengers); 76 (Ravens feeding upon caribou bodies and following Wolves in expectation of a caribou kill).

"Caribou": Barnett, 1954: 96 (migration; fawning; numbers); 103 (migration); 104 (warble fly; antlers); 106 (lichens as food).

INDEX

The principal items selected for inclusion in this index are: names of animals other than Richardson's Barren Ground Caribou (Rangifer arcticus arcticus); names of plants; names of institutions; and names of authors and other persons.

The index does not cover the bibliographical references in smaller type inserted at the end of each section, from pages 38 to 119; nor does it cover the two large sections devoted wholly to bibliography (pp. 120-160).

Aedes, 45 fitchii, 70 nearcticus, 70 Agrostis scabra, 42 Alder, 98 Alectoria, 44 Allen, J. A., 116 Alopex lagopus innuitus, 63 American Committee for International Wild Life Protection, reverse of title-page American Museum of Natural History, 6, 117 American Society of Mammalogists, 77 Amundsen, Roald, 49 Anderson, R. M., 40, 43, 75, 78, 116, 117 Anonymous, 40, 47 Anoteelik, 6, 26, 27, 35 (fig.), 56 (fig.), 60, 85, 95 Arctic Institute of North America, 5, inside of back cover Arctostaphylos alpina, 33 (fig.) Armstrong, Alex, 117

Bailey, Alfred M., and Russell W. Hendee, 72 Banfield, A. W. F., 5, 10, 40, 58, 63, 66, 71, 76, 78, 107, 117, 118 Bear(s), Black, 42, 48, 62 Bergman, Arvid M., 72 Betula glandulosa, 33 (fig.), 98 Birch, dwarf, 16, 17, 22, 24, 41, 98, 99 Birket-Smith, Kaj, 76, 117 Bison, 85 Blanchet, G. H., 49, 117 Blowfly(ies), 29, 51, 52 Boas, Franz, 112 Bourassa, John M., 12 Buchanan, Angus, 7, 68, 86 Buchholz, Carl, 38 "Bulldog" (Tabanidae), 45 Buteo lagopus sancti-johannis, 68

Cabot, William B., 99 Calf, bovine, 104 Canis, lupus arctos, 63 lupus bernardi, 63 lupus hudsonicus, 63, 64 lupus mackenzii, 63 lupus manningi, 63 lupus occidentalis, 63 Carex chordorrhiza, 55 (fig.) Caribou, Grant's, 74 Labrador Barren Ground, 118 Newfoundland, 63, 66, 97 Peary's, 43 (Western) Woodland, 7-9, 12, 45, 46, 70, 78, 112, 94 (fig.), 119 Cephenemyia, 45, 46, 72, 73, 96 nasalis, 72 trompe, 72, 73 Cervus elaphus elaphus, 50 Chambers, Joe, 11, 66, 85 Chipewyans, Caribou-eater, 47, 49, 52, 58, 62, 69 Christian, Edgar, 59 Cladonia, 33 (fig.), 44, 98 Clarke, C. H. D., 38, 40, 41, 47, 67, 78, 117 Corvus corax principalis, 68 Cow, domestic, 113 Critchell-Bullock, James C., 67 Crowberry, 16, 98

Deer, European Red, 50 "Indian," 8 Mule, 77 White-tailed, 46, 77, 78, 83-85, 87, 100, 102, 103 Degerbøl, Magnus, 112 Dix, W. L., 44, 98 Dobbs, Arthur, 8 Dogs, (Husky), 15, 17, 19, 21, 47-52, 59, 60, 62, 85 Downes, P. G., 18, 51, 52, 69, 106 Dugmore, A. Radclyffe, 97, 112 Dyar, Harrison G., 70

Eleocharis baldwinii, 42 Ellis, Hazel R., 12 Empetrum nigrum, 33 (figs.), 98 Eskimo(s), 5, 6, 19, 29, 34 (figs.), 35 (figs.), 47, 49-52, 56 (figs.), 57-60, 74-76, 79, 99, 114 "Eskimo candle(s)," 60, 114 "Eskimo Charlie," 52

Fish, 47, 48, 59, 60 Fisher, Alexander, 103 Fleas, 73 Flerov, Constantine C., 110 Fly(ies), 14, 23, 27, 41, 43, 69, 85 black, 20, 23-28, 45, 46, 69, 70 "deer," 70 nostril, 37, 45, 46, 72, 73, 96 warble, 37, 45, 46, 52, 56 (figs.), 57, 70-72, 96 Fox(es), 47, 48, 51, 62, 66, 68 Arctic, 48, 62, 63, 78 Red, 63 Franklin, Sir John, 46

Gallagher, Don, 12 Gavin, Angus, 64, 69, 117 Gibson, R. A., 6 Godsell, Philip H., 117 Goldman, Edward A., 63, 64 Goodwin, George G., 117 Grant, Madison, 118 Grass(es), 98, 99 Gull(s), Herring, 51, 68 Ring-billed, 68

Hanbury, David T., 47, 49 Hares, Arctic, 69 Harper, Francis, 44, 51, 52, 58, 69, 74, 77 Hawk(s), Rough-legged, 48, 51, 68 Hearne, Samuel, 5, 7-9, 57, 102 Hewitt, C. Gordon, 75 Hoare, W. H. B., 47, 59 Hornby, John, 59 Horse, 96 Hudson's Bay Company, 58

Indian(s), 5, 47, 48, 50, 52, 57, 75, 114 Chipewyan. See Chipewyans, Caribou-eater Cree, 58, 94 (fig.) Ingebrigtsen, John, 11, 79, 107 Ingstad, Helge, 41, 49, 112 Insects, 20, 37, 43, 45, 46

Jackson, Hartley H. T., 77 Jacobi, Arnold, 7, 69, 71, 72, 74, 98, 102, 103, 105, 107, 112, 113 Jaeger, Long-tailed, 68 Jay(s), Canada, 48, 51, 68 Jenness, Diamond, 85 Johansen, Frits, 71, 73 Juncus tenuis, 42

Katello, 19, 49, 56 (fig.)

Lamont, Arthur H., 10 Lantis, Margaret, 74 Larus argentatus smithsonianus, 68 delawarensis, 68 Ledum decumbens, 33 (fig.) Lemmings (Dicrostonyx), 48, 69 Lepus arcticus andersoni, 69 Lice (or louse), 73, 74 Lichens, 37, 38, 44, 45, 51, 98, 99 reindeer, 24, 44, 99 Linognathus tarandi, 74 Loiseleuria procumbens, 33 (fig.) Lyon, George F., 86

MacFarlane, Roderick, 112 MacIver, Angus, 38 McLean, John, 9 McLeod, Duncan A., 10 Malaher, G. W., 6, 10, 12, 43, 44 Mallet, Thierry, 41 Malloch, J. R., 45, 46 Manning, T. H., 58, 75 Millais, J. G., 15, 63 Mink, 69 Mites, 73 Moose, 45, 78, 85, 100, 113 Morrow, William C., 6 Mosquito(es), 23, 25, 45, 46, 69, 70, 99 Moss(es), 24, 51, 60 Murie, Olaus J., 105-107 Mushrooms, 99, 113 Muskox, 85